CN110535310B - Online dynamic balance adjusting system and control method based on temperature control shape memory alloy - Google Patents
Online dynamic balance adjusting system and control method based on temperature control shape memory alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN110535310B CN110535310B CN201910848289.5A CN201910848289A CN110535310B CN 110535310 B CN110535310 B CN 110535310B CN 201910848289 A CN201910848289 A CN 201910848289A CN 110535310 B CN110535310 B CN 110535310B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
- H02K15/16—Centering rotors within the stator; Balancing rotors
- H02K15/165—Balancing the rotor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/04—Balancing means
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Abstract
The invention discloses an online dynamic balance adjusting system and a control method based on temperature control shape memory alloy, wherein the system comprises a balance head main body, the balance head main body comprises a shell, a rotating shaft penetrates through a through hole in the center of the shell to be fixedly connected with the shell, four mass blocks are arranged in the shell around the through hole, each mass block is sleeved on an arc-shaped sliding rod through an arc-shaped channel arranged on the mass block, each arc-shaped sliding rod is circumferentially distributed around the through hole, two ends of each arc-shaped sliding rod are fixed on a bracket in the shell, spring-type shape memory alloy is sleeved on the arc-shaped sliding rod between the two ends of each mass block and the bracket, the spring-type shape memory alloy is electrically connected with a rotor part of a conductive sliding ring, and a stator part; and a vibration sensor for measuring the unbalance amount of the rotating shaft in each direction when the rotating shaft rotates is arranged on the bearing support of the rotating shaft. The invention can realize dynamic balance through the change of current, has simple principle, is easy to miniaturize and is suitable for the dynamic balance of the high-precision rotor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-speed dynamic balance of rotating shafts, in particular to an online dynamic balance adjusting system and a control method based on temperature-controlled shape memory alloy.
Background
Rotor imbalance is a failure caused by eccentricity of the mass of the rotor parts or a defect of the rotor parts, and more than 70% of vibration problems of the rotating machine are caused by the rotor imbalance. It follows that rotor imbalance is a significant cause of rotating mechanical vibrations. To eliminate or mitigate vibration due to imbalance, the rotor must be balanced.
The dynamic balance correction is to change the mass distribution of the rotor so that the central rotating shaft coincides with the rotating axis, thereby achieving dynamic balance. In the dynamic balancing process, the mass distribution of the rigid rotor is not uniform, and the vector sum of the centrifugal forces is not equal to zero. Due to the centrifugal force, the high speed rotation of the rotor causes the rotating shaft to vibrate violently and generate loud noise. The rotor balance is to reduce the vibration of the rotor caused by eccentric centrifugal force or the vibration force acting on the bearing and consistent with the working speed frequency to a certain range by adjusting the mass distribution of the rotor. Therefore, in order to avoid the phenomenon that the rotor rotates at high speed to cause the rotating shaft to generate violent vibration and generate larger noise, the most fundamental measure is to change mass distribution, so that the centrifugal force of the mass distribution is symmetrically distributed relative to the rotating shaft, the unbalanced force is eliminated, and the dynamic balance of the rotating shaft is realized.
At present, the vibration problem in the dynamic balancing process is not fully solved, the harm of the vibration problem becomes more and more prominent along with the increasing of the machining level, most of rotating machines use off-line dynamic balancing to eliminate the vibration caused by unbalance, and the method has a plurality of defects:
(1) off-line dynamic balancing takes too much time and is costly;
(2) if the distribution of the unbalance changes during the operation of the rotor, the offline balancing cannot solve the problem;
(3) off-line balancing is also ineffective if the rotor is operated at different rotational speeds, since the dynamics of the rotor will change with the change in rotational speed.
Therefore, the online dynamic balance of the spindle becomes an indispensable key technology.
Currently, the main online dynamic balance systems are classified into three categories according to the nature of the compensation mass:
1. the direct execution device: starting from the aspect of quality, the geometric center of the balance disc is directly moved to the rotation center by weighting and de-weighting, and a spraying method, a liquid spraying method, a laser de-weighting method and the like are available;
2. the indirect execution device: providing a force with the same magnitude and opposite direction to the unbalanced force for the disc, and pulling the gravity center of the disc to the rotating center, wherein the disc is provided with an electromagnetic bearing type, an electromagnetic disc type and the like;
3. a hybrid execution device: in operation, the mass distribution within the dynamic balancing actuator is altered in such a way that its geometric center and center of rotation coincide, the redistribution of mass being carried out mechanically or electromagnetically.
The above mentioned online dynamic balance systems all have disadvantages, such as dynamic balance correction by laser, which can only remove weight but not increase weight, and in addition, have certain damage to materials, and are limited in application in industrial fields; the nonlinear enhancement of distortion control is easy to occur when the electromagnetic force balancing device runs at high speed, so that the control difficulty is greatly increased; the balance method of mixed execution generally has the disadvantages of long balance time teaching, complex operation and the like. In addition, under different rotational speeds, the unbalance of the rotor is slightly changed under the influence of vibration modes, and online automatic adaptive adjustment is needed, which is also a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior art and provide an efficient and high-precision online dynamic balance adjusting system and method based on temperature control shape memory alloy.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the online dynamic balance adjusting system based on the temperature control shape memory alloy comprises a balance head main body, wherein the balance head main body comprises a shell, a rotating shaft penetrates through a through hole formed in the center of the shell and is fixedly connected with the shell, four mass blocks are arranged in the shell in a surrounding mode around the through hole, an arc-shaped channel is formed in the middle of each mass block, each mass block is sleeved on an arc-shaped sliding rod through the arc-shaped channel, each arc-shaped sliding rod is distributed around the circumferential direction of the through hole, two ends of each arc-shaped sliding rod are fixed on a support arranged in the shell, spring-type shape memory alloy is sleeved on the arc-shaped sliding rod between the two ends of each mass block and the support and is electrically connected with a conducting wire, the conducting wire penetrates through a wire passing hole in the balance head main body and is electrically connected with a rotor part of; the rotating shaft penetrates through a rotating shaft through hole of the conductive sliding ring and is fixedly connected with the rotor part, and the stator part of the conductive sliding ring is fixed on the bottom plate through the stator bearing support; and a vibration sensor is arranged on a bearing support of the rotating shaft and is used for measuring the unbalance amount of the rotating shaft during rotation.
The different sections of the spring-type shape memory alloys are electrically insulated, different current loops are provided through the conductive slip ring to independently control the spring-type shape memory alloys, when the mass block needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped slide rod, currents with different sizes or duration are applied to the spring-type shape memory alloys arranged on the two sides of the mass block, the spring-type shape memory alloys on the two sides of the mass block generate different arc-shaped displacements along the arc-shaped slide rod, and therefore the mass block is driven to move to the designated position.
The control method of the online dynamic balance adjustment system based on the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy comprises the following steps:
1) setting an original unbalance vector U of a mechanical rotating part including a rotating shaft and the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy-based online dynamic balance adjustment system0Firstly, the rotating shaft is rotated at a given rotating speed, and the vibration information at the bearing support is collected by using a vibration sensor to obtain the original unbalanced vibration vector V of the mechanical rotating part0；
2) The conductive slip ring is used for providing different current loops to independently control each spring type shape memory alloy, when the mass block needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped slide rod, currents with different sizes or duration are applied to the spring type shape memory alloys arranged on the two sides of the mass block, so that the spring type shape memory alloys on the two sides of the mass block generate different arc-shaped displacements along the arc-shaped slide rod, and the mass block is driven to move to a designated position; driving the mass block to move to a designated position along the arc-shaped sliding rod by supplying current to different sections of spring-type shape memory alloy, so that the unbalance vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 1) is formed by the U0By changing Δ U to U1Acquiring vibration information at the bearing support by using a vibration sensor to obtain U1Corresponding test weight unbalance vibration vector V1；
3) From the measured original unbalance vibration vector V0Vibration vector V unbalanced with trial weight1Calculating a trial weight unbalance vector U by combining the known delta U in the step 2)1＝V1×ΔU/(V1-V0)；
4) Providing current to different sections of spring-type shape memory alloy through a conductive slip ring, and driving the mass block to move to a specified position along the arc-shaped sliding rod, so that the unbalanced vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 2) is formed by the U1change-U1To 0;
5) and (3) acquiring vibration information at the bearing support by using a vibration sensor, realizing dynamic balance if the acquired unbalanced vibration tends to be zero or is smaller than a set range, and otherwise, repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 4) until the unbalanced vibration is in the set range.
The specified position of the mass block is determined by the following method:
provided with a mass block MiIs theta at the current positioniWherein i is the number of the mass block, and i is 1,2,3, 4; the imbalance vector u of each mass block to the outside1Has an amplitude of MiR, phase is thetaiWherein R is the mass MiThe distance between the mass center and the center of the balance head main body, and an unbalance vector u applied to the outside by the online dynamic balance adjusting system based on the temperature control shape memory alloy are represented as follows:
wherein u isamp、uphaThe amplitude and phase of the imbalance vector u, respectively;
if necessary, an amplitude DeltaU is applied to the rotating shaft through the mass blockAMPIn a phase of Δ UPHAThe imbalance vector of (2) is to establish the objective function minf (theta)i)
minf(θi)＝min(λ1‖uamp-ΔUAMP‖∞+λ2‖upha-ΔUPHA‖∞)
Wherein λ is1、λ2To considerWeight factor of dimension factor, λ1+λ2＝1；
The objective function minf (θ)i) Optimal solution in (1)
I.e. the desired movement position of the masses.
The above optimal solution
Comprises the following steps:
1) for mass block MiCurrent position of (theta)iConstructing an optimized population and initializing a target individual xk＝(θ1,k,θ2,k,θ3,k,θ4,k)TK 0,1,.., NP-1, wherein NP is population scale, and the mutation factor H0∈[0,1]The cross probability Cr is an element of [0,1 ]]The current evolution algebra is g;
2) generating variant individuals based on current individuals
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for two different individuals in the population, r1,r2∈[1,2,…,NP]，
For the best individual in the current evolution algebra, H is 2λH0Is an adaptive variation factor, λ ═ e1-G/(G+1-g)G is 1,2, …, and G is the maximum evolution algebra;
3) obtaining test individuals by crossing independent individuals
Where j denotes a spatial dimension, j is 1,2, …,4, jrand∈[1,2,…,4]；
4) Selecting the optimal value after the iteration
Calculate f (θ)i) If fg+1(θi)-fg(θi) If | ≦ then stop iteration, currently
Is that
And (4) exiting the loop, otherwise, turning to the step 2 to continue the evolution iteration.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an online dynamic balance adjusting system and method based on a temperature control shape memory alloy, aiming at the problem of dynamic balance of a high-speed rotating shaft, and the system and method can move a mass block through the change of a spring type shape memory alloy, so that the center of a main shaft is changed and is coincided with a rotating center, and the purpose of dynamic balance is achieved. The invention can quickly adjust the state, has simple structure, high precision and higher balance efficiency, and particularly has the following technical advantages:
1. the high-precision dynamic balance correction device has the advantages that the shape memory alloy can automatically recover the shape after being heated, the deformation of the shape memory alloy is controlled during temperature change, the accurate displacement of the counterweight mass block is driven, and the high-precision dynamic balance correction is realized.
2. The dynamic balance adjusting system of the invention needs to transmit current signals between the rotating body and the static part, in order to reduce the adverse effect of wire winding on measurement and complete the transmission of large current signals, the invention introduces the high-speed multi-channel slip ring, and ensures the applicability of the system in a high-speed state.
3. The shape memory alloy can keep a stable state when not electrified, which shows that after dynamic balance correction, if the system is powered off, the dynamic balance state of the rotor cannot be damaged, namely the system has a good state keeping effect and ensures the safe operation of the rotor at high speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a basic operational flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3(a) is a side view of the balance head body;
FIG. 3(b) is a schematic front view of the balance head body;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the assembly of the spring-type shape memory alloy and mass;
FIG. 5 is a perspective structural schematic view of a mass;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the slip ring configuration;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure within the balance head body.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a rotating shaft; 2. a balance head main body; 3. a conductive slip ring; 4. a bearing support; 5. a stator bearing support; 6. a mass block; 7. a spring type shape memory alloy; 8. an arc-shaped sliding rod; 9. a support; 10. a vibration sensor; 2-1, a shell; 2-1-1, through holes; 6-1, arc-shaped channel.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 1-7, embodiments of the present invention provide an efficient and high-precision online dynamic balance adjustment system and method based on temperature-controlled shape memory alloy.
The invention relates to a temperature control shape memory alloy based online dynamic balance adjustment system, which comprises a balance head main body 2, wherein the balance head main body 2 comprises a shell 2-1, a rotating shaft 1 penetrates through a through hole 2-1-1 arranged in the center of the shell and is fixedly connected with the shell 2-1, four mass blocks 6 are arranged in the shell 2-1 and surround the through hole 2-1-1, an arc-shaped channel 6-1 is arranged in the middle of each mass block 6, each mass block 6 is sleeved on an arc-shaped sliding rod 8 through the arc-shaped channel 6-1, each arc-shaped sliding rod 8 is distributed in the circumferential direction of the through hole 2-1-1, two ends of each arc-shaped sliding rod 8 are fixed on a support 9 arranged in the shell 2-1, and a spring type shape memory alloy 7 is sleeved on the arc-shaped sliding rod 8 between the two ends of each mass block 6 and the support 9, the spring type shape memory alloy 7 is electrically connected with a lead, the lead passes through a wire passing hole on the balance head main body 2 and is electrically connected with a rotor part of the conductive sliding ring 3, and a stator part of the conductive sliding ring 3 is electrically connected with a power supply device; the rotating shaft 1 penetrates through a rotating shaft through hole of the conductive sliding ring 3 and is fixedly connected with the rotor part, and the stator part of the conductive sliding ring 3 is fixed on the bottom plate through a stator bearing support 5; the bearing support 4 of the rotating shaft 1 is provided with a vibration sensor 10, and the vibration sensor 10 is used for measuring the unbalance amount of the rotating shaft 1 during rotation. The vibration sensor can be a sensor with the model WD502A and the measuring range of 2mm or a sensor with the model eddyNCDT3010 and the measuring range of 500 mu m.
The spring-type shape memory alloys 7 at different sections are electrically insulated, different current loops are provided through the conductive slip ring 3 to independently control the spring-type shape memory alloys 7, when the mass block 6 needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped slide rod 8, currents with different sizes or duration are applied to the spring-type shape memory alloys 7 arranged at two sides of the mass block 6, so that the spring-type shape memory alloys 7 at two sides of the mass block 6 generate different arc-shaped displacements along the arc-shaped slide rod 8, and the mass block 6 is driven to move to a specified position.
The control method of the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy-based online dynamic balance adjustment system comprises the following steps:
1) setting an original unbalance vector U of a mechanical rotating part including a rotating shaft 1 and the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy-based online dynamic balance adjustment system0Firstly, the rotating shaft 1 is rotated at a given rotating speed, and vibration information at the position of the bearing support 4 is collected by using the vibration sensor 10 to obtain an original unbalanced vibration vector V of a mechanical rotating part0；
2) The conductive slip ring 3 is used for providing different current loops to independently control each spring-type shape memory alloy 7, when the mass block 6 needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped slide rod 8, currents with different sizes or duration are applied to the spring-type shape memory alloys 7 arranged on the two sides of the mass block 6, so that the spring-type shape memory alloys 7 on the two sides of the mass block 6 generate different arc-shaped displacements along the arc-shaped slide rod 8, and the mass block 6 is driven to move to a specified position; the masses 6 are driven along an arc by supplying currents to different sections of the spring-type shape memory alloy 7The slide bar 8 is moved to a designated position, so that the unbalance vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 1) is formed by the U0By changing Δ U to U1Acquiring vibration information at the bearing support 4 by using the vibration sensor 10 to obtain U1Corresponding test weight unbalance vibration vector V1；
3) From the measured original unbalance vibration vector V0Vibration vector V unbalanced with trial weight1Calculating a trial weight unbalance vector U by combining the known delta U in the step 2)1＝V1×ΔU/(V1-V0)；
4) Supplying current to different sections of spring-type shape memory alloy 7 through the conductive slip ring 3 to drive the mass block 6 to move to a specified position along the arc-shaped sliding rod 8, so that the unbalanced vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 2) is formed by U1change-U1To 0;
wherein the specified position of the mass 6 is determined by:
provided with a mass block 6MiIs theta at the current positioniWherein i is the number of the mass block, and i is 1,2,3, 4; the imbalance vector u of each mass 6 to the outside is represented1Has an amplitude of MiR, phase is thetaiWherein R is a mass 6MiThe distance between the mass center and the center of the balance head main body 2, and an unbalance vector u applied to the outside by the online dynamic balance adjusting system based on the temperature control shape memory alloy are represented as follows:
wherein u isamp、uphaThe amplitude and phase of the imbalance vector u, respectively;
if necessary, an amplitude DeltaU is applied to the rotating shaft 1 through the mass block 6AMPIn a phase of Δ UPHAThe imbalance vector of (2) is to establish the objective function minf (theta)i)
minf(θi)＝min(λ1‖uamp-ΔUAMP‖∞+λ2‖upha-ΔUPHA‖∞)
Wherein λ is1、λ2To take into account the weight factor of the dimensional factor, λ1+λ2＝1；
The objective function minf (θ)i) Optimal solution in (1)
I.e. the desired movement position of each mass 6.
Wherein the optimal solution
Comprises the following steps:
1) for mass block 6MiCurrent position of (theta)iConstructing an optimized population and initializing a target individual xk＝(θ1,k,θ2,k,θ3,k,θ4,k)TK 0,1,.., NP-1, wherein NP is population scale, and the mutation factor H0∈[0,1]The cross probability Cr is an element of [0,1 ]]The current evolution algebra is g;
2) generating variant individuals based on current individuals
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for two different individuals in the population, r1,r2∈[1,2,…,NP]，
For the best individual in the current evolution algebra, H is 2λH0Is an adaptive variation factor, λ ═ e1-G/(G+1-g)G is 1,2, …, and G is the maximum evolution algebra;
3) obtaining test individuals by crossing independent individuals
Where j denotes a spatial dimension, j is 1,2, …,4, jrand∈[1,2,…,4]；
4) Selecting the optimal value after the iteration
Calculate f (θ)i) If fg+1(θi)-fg(θi) If | ≦ then stop iteration, currently
Is that
And (4) exiting the loop, otherwise, turning to the step 2 to continue the evolution iteration.
5) And (3) acquiring vibration information at the bearing support 4 by using a vibration sensor 10, if the acquired unbalanced vibration tends to be zero or is smaller than a set range, realizing dynamic balance, and otherwise, repeatedly executing the step 1) to the step 4) until the unbalanced vibration is in the set range.
In summary, the system of the invention comprises a support part and a rotor structure part, wherein the support part comprises two bearing supports 4 fixed on a rotating shaft 1; a balance head main body 2 is fixed between the two bearing supports 4, one side of the balance head main body 2 is connected with a rotating shaft 1 with a certain rotating speed, and the other side is connected with a conductive slip ring 3 through a conductive wire; the balance head main body 2 can be divided into four parts, and each part is provided with a position for placing a spring slide block and a lead; four spring sliding blocks which are composed of two spring type shape memory alloys 7 and a mass block 6 and can be used for balancing are arranged in the balance head main body 2; the rotating shaft 1 is provided with a conductive slip ring 3 which can ensure that a lead cannot be wound to influence measurement when the rotating shaft 1 rotates, the conductive slip ring 3 is divided into a rotor and a stator, the rotor can be directly connected with a conductive wire in the balance head main body 2, and the stator can be fixed through a slip ring stator bearing support 5. After the motor is electrified, the motor drives a rotating shaft connected with an output shaft of the motor to rotate at a constant speed, the vibration sensor 10 is used for measuring the unbalance amount of the rotating shaft, a power supply device is connected to a stator part of the slip ring, current flows through the stator part of the slip ring, a rotor part of the slip ring and the spring-type shape memory alloy, the spring-type shape memory alloy is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current during an experiment, and the mass block can be pushed to move along the arc-shaped sliding rod 8 by stretching or compressing the spring-type shape memory alloy 7, so that the unbalance amount is reduced, and the dynamic balance is realized.
The installation and use method of the high-efficiency and high-precision online dynamic balance adjustment system based on the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy comprises the following steps:
1. device mounting and securing
As shown in fig. 1, the two stationary bearing supports 4 and the slip ring stator bearing support 5 of the present invention are fixed on the laboratory bench by bolts. The rotating shaft 1 is connected with a motor to reach the required rotating speed.
The balance head body 2 is fixed on the rotating shaft 1 by a nut and moves at the same rotating speed as the rotating shaft 1. The balance head body internally comprises four assembly bodies consisting of two spring-type shape memory alloys 7 and a mass block 6, and a lead is led out from each spring end and is connected with a rotor part of the conductive slip ring 3.
The conductive slip ring 3 is fixed on the rotating shaft 1, and the rotor part is fixed on the rotating shaft 1 through a nut and moves at the same rotating speed as the rotating shaft 1. The rotor part of the slip ring is connected with the balance head main body 2 through a conducting wire, and the stator part of the slip ring is connected with the fixed base through a bolt.
The balance head main body is connected with a sensor capable of detecting the unbalance of the rotating shaft, and the balance head main body can be divided into four parts, so that the sensor capable of measuring the unbalance of the rotating shaft in the x direction and the y direction is added to the balance head main body.
And turning on the motor to enable the rotating shaft to rotate at a specific rotating speed, observing the rotating condition of the rotating shaft, and adjusting the assembly part according to the rotating condition of the rotating shaft to enable the whole assembly body to rotate in a stable state.
2. Imbalance identification
After the assembly body enters a stable rotation state, the vibration condition of the rotating shaft is measured by using an eddy current displacement sensor, and the unbalance amount in a normal assembly state is obtained.
The system is adjusted according to the measured unbalance, the stator part of the slip ring is electrified, and the position of the mass block can be adjusted given the current magnitude. And measuring the vibration condition of the rotating shaft by using the eddy current displacement sensor again to obtain a measurement result, and calculating the influence coefficient of balance according to the two results.
The dynamic balance correction of the system can be carried out according to the obtained influence coefficient and the control of the current
3. Dynamic balance correction
The balance head main body is divided into four parts which are used as four quadrants, and the offset direction and the offset position of the balance head main body are obtained by analyzing the unbalance amount.
And electrifying a lead connected with the spring type shape memory alloy, adjusting the spring type shape memory alloy 7 through temperature change to expand or contract the spring type shape memory alloy, changing the position of the balance mass block 6 in the balance head main body, and enabling the resultant force to be opposite to the original unbalance force to balance the unbalance.
Briefly described, a memory alloy NiTi is used as an example, the NiTi stretches under the condition of electrification, the structural sketch inside the balance head body is shown in FIG. 7, and the on-off conditions of the spring type shape memory alloy during dynamic balance are shown in the following table:
| balance towards X positive direction | Balanced in the negative X direction | Balance in the positive Y direction | Balanced in the negative Y direction | |
| 1 | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off |
| 2 | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') |
| 3 | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') |
| 4 | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off |
| 5 | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') |
| 6 | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off |
| 7 | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off |
| 8 | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') | Break-off | Tong (Chinese character of 'tong') |
After balancing, the unbalance amount of the balance head main body is measured through the sensor again, and if the detection result tends to be zero or is smaller than the expected unbalance amount, the center of the main shaft is superposed with the rotation center, so that the dynamic balance of the rotating shaft 1 is realized. If the detection result is still overlarge, the mass block can be electrified again to move the position, and dynamic balance is performed again until the detection result tends to zero or is smaller than the expected unbalance amount, so that dynamic balance is realized.
The invention provides an online dynamic balance adjusting system based on a temperature control shape memory alloy, which mainly aims at adjusting a rotating shaft at different speeds to realize dynamic balance. The invention can quickly adjust the state, has simple structure, high precision and higher balance efficiency, and particularly has the following technical advantages:
1. the high-precision dynamic balance correction device has the advantages that the shape memory alloy can automatically recover the shape after being heated, the deformation of the shape memory alloy is controlled during temperature change, the accurate displacement of the counterweight mass block is driven, and the high-precision dynamic balance correction is realized.
2. The dynamic balancing device needs to transmit current signals between the rotating body and the static part, and introduces the high-speed multi-channel slip ring to ensure the applicability of the device at high speed in order to reduce the adverse effect of wire winding on measurement and complete the transmission of large current signals.
3. The shape memory alloy can keep a stable state when not electrified, which shows that after dynamic balance correction, if the system is powered off, the dynamic balance state of the rotor cannot be destroyed, namely the device has a good state keeping effect, and the safe operation of the rotor at high speed is ensured.
The parts of the present embodiment not described in detail are common means known in the art, and are not described here. The above examples are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and all designs identical or similar to the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The online dynamic balance adjusting system based on the temperature control shape memory alloy is characterized by comprising a balance head main body (2), wherein the balance head main body (2) comprises a shell (2-1), a rotating shaft (1) penetrates through a through hole (2-1-1) formed in the center of the shell and is fixedly connected with the shell (2-1), four mass blocks (6) are arranged in the shell (2-1) in a mode of surrounding the through hole (2-1-1), an arc-shaped channel (6-1) is formed in the middle of each mass block (6), each mass block (6) is sleeved on an arc-shaped sliding rod (8) through the arc-shaped channel (6-1), each arc-shaped sliding rod (8) is distributed in a mode of surrounding the circumferential direction of the through hole (2-1-1), and two ends of each arc-shaped sliding rod (8) are fixed on a support (9) arranged in the shell (2-1), spring-type shape memory alloy (7) is sleeved on the arc-shaped sliding rod (8) between the two ends of each mass block (6) and the support (9), the spring-type shape memory alloy (7) is electrically connected with a lead, the lead penetrates through a wire passing hole in the balance head main body (2) and is electrically connected with a rotor part of the conductive sliding ring (3), and a stator part of the conductive sliding ring (3) is electrically connected with a power supply device; the rotating shaft (1) penetrates through a rotating shaft through hole of the conductive sliding ring (3) and is fixedly connected with the rotor part, and the stator part of the conductive sliding ring (3) is fixed on the bottom plate through a stator bearing support (5); the vibration sensor (10) is arranged on the bearing support (4) of the rotating shaft (1), and the vibration sensor (10) is used for measuring the unbalance amount of the rotating shaft (1) during rotation.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein each section of the spring-type shape memory alloy (7) is electrically insulated, each spring-type shape memory alloy (7) is independently controlled by providing different current loops through the conductive slip ring (3), and when the mass block (6) needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped sliding rod (8), currents with different magnitudes or durations are applied to the spring-type shape memory alloys (7) arranged on both sides of the mass block (6), so that the spring-type shape memory alloys (7) on both sides of the mass block (6) generate different arc-shaped displacements along the arc-shaped sliding rod (8), and the mass block (6) is driven to move to a designated position.
3. The control method of the online dynamic balance adjustment system based on the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) setting an original unbalance vector U of a mechanical rotation part comprising a rotating shaft (1) and the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy-based online dynamic balance adjustment system0Firstly, a rotating shaft (1) rotates at a given rotating speed, and a vibration sensor (10) is utilized to collect vibration information at a bearing support (4) to obtain an original unbalanced vibration vector V of a mechanical rotating part0；
2) Providing different current loops through the conductive slip ring (3) to independently control each spring-type shape memory alloy (7), and applying currents with different sizes or durations to the spring-type shape memory alloys (7) arranged on two sides of the mass block (6) when the mass block (6) needs to be driven to move along the arc-shaped slide rod (8) so that the spring-type shape memory alloys (7) on two sides of the mass block (6) generate different arc displacements along the arc-shaped slide rod (8), thereby driving the mass block (6) to move to a specified position; driving the mass block (6) to move to a designated position along the arc-shaped sliding rod (8) by supplying current to different sections of spring-type shape memory alloy (7), so that the unbalance vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 1) is formed by U0By changing Δ U to U1The vibration sensor (10) is used for collecting vibration information at the bearing support (4) to obtain U1Corresponding test weight unbalance vibration vector V1；
3) From the measured original unbalance vibration vector V0Vibration vector V unbalanced with trial weight1Calculating a trial weight unbalance vector U by combining the known delta U in the step 2)1＝V1×ΔU/(V1-V0)；
4) Supplying current to different sections of spring-type shape memory alloy (7) through the conductive slip ring (3) to drive the mass block (6) to move to a specified position along the arc-shaped sliding rod (8), so that the unbalance vector of the mechanical rotating part in the step 2) is formed by U1change-U1To 0;
5) and (3) acquiring vibration information at the bearing support (4) by using a vibration sensor (10), if the acquired unbalanced vibration tends to be zero or is smaller than a set range, realizing dynamic balance, and otherwise, repeatedly executing the steps 1) to 4) until the unbalanced vibration is in the set range.
4. The control method of the temperature controlled shape memory alloy based on online dynamic balance adjustment system according to claim 3, characterized in that the specified position of the mass block (6) is determined by the following method:
provided with a mass block (6) MiIs theta at the current positioniWherein i is the number of the mass block, and i is 1,2,3, 4; the imbalance vector u of each mass block (6) is presented to the outside1Has an amplitude of MiR, phase is thetaiWherein R is the mass (6) MiThe distance between the mass center and the center of the balance head main body (2), and an unbalance vector u applied to the outside by the online dynamic balance adjusting system based on the temperature-controlled shape memory alloy are represented as follows:
wherein u isamp、uphaRespectively the magnitude sum of the imbalance vectors uA phase;
if necessary, an amplitude DeltaU is applied to the rotating shaft (1) through the mass block (6)AMPIn a phase of Δ UPHAThe imbalance vector of (2) is to establish the objective function min f (theta)i)
min f(θi)＝min(λ1‖uamp-ΔUAMP‖∞+λ2‖upha-ΔUPHA‖∞)
Wherein λ is1、λ2To take into account the weight factor of the dimensional factor, λ1+λ2＝1；
The objective function minf (θ)i) Optimal solution in (1)
I.e. the desired displacement position of the masses (6).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the optimal solution is the temperature control shape memory alloy based on-line dynamic balance adjustment system
Comprises the following steps:
1) for the mass block (6) MiCurrent position of (theta)iConstructing an optimized population and initializing a target individual xk＝(θ1,k,θ2,k,θ3,k,θ4,k)TK 0,1,.., NP-1, wherein NP is population scale, and the mutation factor H0∈[0,1]The cross probability Cr is an element of [0,1 ]]The current evolution algebra is g;
2) generating variant individuals based on current individuals
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for two different individuals in the population, r1,r2∈[1,2,…,NP]，
For the best individual in the current evolution algebra, H is 2λH0Is an adaptive variation factor, λ ═ e1-G/(G+1-g)G is 1,2, …, and G is the maximum evolution algebra;
3) obtaining test individuals by crossing independent individuals
Where j denotes a spatial dimension, j is 1,2, …,4, jrand∈[1,2,…,4]；
4) Selecting the optimal value after the iteration
Calculate f (θ)i) If fg+1(θi)-fg(θi) If | ≦ then stop iteration, currently
Is that
And (4) exiting the loop, otherwise, turning to the step 2 to continue the evolution iteration.
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