CN110535231B - Power supply selection module - Google Patents
Power supply selection module Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110535231B CN110535231B CN201910895811.5A CN201910895811A CN110535231B CN 110535231 B CN110535231 B CN 110535231B CN 201910895811 A CN201910895811 A CN 201910895811A CN 110535231 B CN110535231 B CN 110535231B
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- power supply
- resistor
- pmos tube
- tube
- voltage
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a power supply selection module, and belongs to the technical field of power supply systems. The technical problem that the existing rechargeable battery-powered electronic product does not have a power supply selection switching circuit is solved. The drain electrode of P1 in this power selection module is connected with external power supply and voltage regulator tube respectively, the source electrode of P1 and the source electrode of P2 are all connected with the positive pole of load, the source electrode of P1 links to each other with R3, R3 links to each other with the grid of R2 and P1 respectively, R2 links to each other with the drain electrode of N1 respectively, the voltage regulator tube links to each other with the grid of N1 and R1, the source electrode of R1, the negative pole of N1 and load are all grounded, the drain electrode of P2 links to each other with battery and R9 respectively, R9 is connected with the first positive pole of D1, the second positive pole of D1 is connected with external power supply, the common negative pole of D1 is connected with the grid of P2 and R8 respectively, the other ground connection of R8. The invention matches the battery with the external power supply, switches the power supply at any time, and has flexible work; when the external power supply is connected, the battery can be automatically disconnected, the battery is prevented from being charged with current, and the safety is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power supply systems, and particularly relates to a power supply selection module.
Background
At present, in the existing rechargeable battery-powered electronic product, when an external power supply and a battery are connected into operation at the same time in low-power application, a power supply selection switching circuit is not needed, the external power supply supplies power to instrument equipment while charging the battery by a charging circuit, if the charging power of the battery only needs 50 watts and the power consumption of the equipment needs more than 100 watts, the charging circuit with very high power is designed in the mode, and the cost is high, the heating severity and the service life are short; another way is to configure an independent charger to charge the battery on the battery-powered high-power electronic product, the device only uses the battery to supply power to work, the flexibility is not high, and the charging and working alternation time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a power supply selection module capable of automatically selecting a battery or an external power supply to supply power to an electronic product.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
A power selection module, characterized by: the high-voltage power supply comprises a first PMOS tube, a second PMOS tube and an NMOS tube, wherein the first PMOS tube, the second PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are respectively connected with a follow current diode in an anti-parallel mode, the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube is respectively connected with the external power supply and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube, the source electrode of the first PMOS tube and the source electrode of the second PMOS tube are respectively connected with the positive electrode of a load, the source electrode of the first PMOS tube is connected with one end of a third resistor, the other end of the third resistor is respectively connected with one end of the second resistor and the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube, the other end of the second resistor is connected with the drain electrode of the NMOS tube, the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube is respectively connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube and one end of the first resistor, the other end of the first resistor, the source electrode of the NMOS tube and the negative electrode of the load are respectively grounded, the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube is respectively connected with one end of a battery and one end of a ninth resistor, the other end of the ninth resistor is connected with the first positive electrode of a semiconductor diode, the second positive electrode of the semiconductor diode is connected with the external power supply, the other end of the second resistor is connected with the positive electrode of the eighth resistor, and the eighth resistor is connected with the eighth resistor. In the invention, the starting voltage of the first PMOS tube is higher than the full-charge voltage of the battery. In the invention, the sources of the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube are oppositely arranged, so that current can only flow to a load from an external power supply or flow to the load from a battery, reverse current filling is prevented, and the stability and the safety are improved.
In the above power supply selection module, the resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the eighth resistor and the ninth resistor are all 100kΩ.
In the above power supply selection module, the voltage range of the battery is 8V-21V, and the turn-on voltage of the first PMOS transistor is greater than 21V.
In one power supply selection module described above, the semiconductor diode is a schottky diode BAT54C.
In the above power supply selection module, the first PMOS transistor and the second PMOS transistor are semiconductor field effect transistors with short switching time and low on-resistance. According to the invention, the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube bear tens of amperes of current and cannot generate heat.
In the above power supply selection module, when the battery supplies power independently, the voltage at the external power supply is 0v, and the nmos tube and the first PMOS tube are in a cut-off state; the eighth resistor, the ninth resistor and the semiconductor diode form an opening circuit of a battery channel, the source electrode is charged through a freewheeling diode on the second PMOS tube after the battery is connected, the battery is divided by the eighth resistor and the ninth resistor and then is applied to the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube, at the moment, the voltage between the source electrode and the grid electrode of the second PMOS tube is far greater than the opening voltage, the second PMOS tube is conducted, and meanwhile, the freewheeling diode is cut off. The design of the starting circuits R8, R9 and D1 ensures that the second PMOS tube can be closed by an external power supply, and the second PMOS tube is self-opened when no external power supply exists.
In the above power supply selection module, when the external power supply supplies power independently, the voltage stabilizing tube, the first resistor and the NMOS tube form a turn-on circuit of the external power supply, the voltage of the external power supply is greater than 22V, the grid voltage applied to the NMOS tube through the voltage stabilizing tube and the first resistor is about 2V, the NMOS tube is turned on, then the external power supply divides the current of the external power supply through the freewheel diode connected in parallel to the first PMOS tube, the second resistor, the third resistor and the NMOS tube, the source grid voltage of the first PMOS tube is greater than the turn-on voltage, and the first PMOS tube is turned on; at this time, the gate voltage applied to the second PMOS transistor by the external power supply through the semiconductor diode will be greater than the battery voltage (i.e., the source voltage applied to the second PMOS transistor), so the second PMOS transistor is turned off. The circuit design ensures that when the external power supply channel is opened, the battery power supply channel is closed, and the internal voltage VOU is prevented from reversely filling the port of the battery.
In the above power supply selection module, when the battery and the external power supply are connected at the same time, the voltage of the external power supply has a rising process, when the voltage of the external power supply rises to be close to the voltage of the battery, the second PMOS tube is cut off, at the moment, the load keeps extremely short-time work by the freewheeling diodes on the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube, when the voltage of the external power supply rises to about 22V, the NMOS tube enters an on state through the voltage stabilizing tube and the first resistor, the grid voltage of the first PMOS tube is pulled down to enter the on state, and the external power supply starts to supply power; after the external power supply is powered on, the first PMOS tube is started, the second PMOS tube is stopped, and the freewheeling diodes of the first PMOS tube and the second PMOS tube are stopped. The circuit design ensures that when the battery and the external power supply are simultaneously connected, the external power supply passage is opened and the battery power supply passage is closed; in the circuit, the voltage stabilizing tube, the first resistor and the NMOS tube form a control circuit of an external power supply, and the eighth resistor, the ninth resistor and the semiconductor diode form a control circuit of a battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding and beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention matches the battery with the external power supply, switches the power supply at any time, and has flexible work; only when the battery is used for supplying power, an external wired power supply is not needed, and the mobility is strong; the external power supply is connected before the battery is exhausted, the load can continuously work, and the battery can be automatically disconnected when the external power supply is connected, so that the current is prevented from being filled into the battery, and the safety is high.
2. The VOU can be used as a power supply of high-power equipment, and the battery is charged by the parallel charging independent electric circuit, so that the charging is automatically stopped after the battery is fully charged, and the voltage of the fully charged battery is not higher than that of the VOU, so that the second PMOS tube is always kept in a closed state.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
In the figure, VIN and an external power supply; VBAT, battery; VOU, output voltage after power supply selection; p1, a first PMOS tube; p2, a second PMOS tube; n1, NMOS tube; d1, a semiconductor diode; z1, a voltage stabilizing tube; r1, a first resistor; r2, a second resistor; r3, a third resistor; r8, eighth resistor; r9, ninth resistor; s, a source electrode; D. a drain electrode; G. and a gate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in the following by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which reference is made to fig. 1:
The power supply selection module comprises a first PMOS tube (P1), a second PMOS tube (P2) and an NMOS tube (N1), wherein the first PMOS tube (P1), the second PMOS tube (P2) and the NMOS tube (N1) are respectively connected with a freewheeling diode in anti-parallel, the drain electrode (D) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is respectively connected with the external power supply (VIN) and the negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing tube (Z1), the source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) and the source electrode (S) of the second PMOS tube (P2) are respectively connected with the positive electrode of a load, the source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is connected with one end of a third resistor (R3), the other end of the third resistor (R3) is respectively connected with one end of the second resistor (R2) and the grid electrode (G) of the first PMOS tube (P1), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) is respectively connected with the drain electrode (D) of the NMOS tube (N1), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) is respectively connected with the positive electrode (S) of the first resistor (G1) of the NMOS tube (N1) and the negative electrode (R1) of the second resistor (R1) of the ninth resistor (R1) respectively, the other end of the third resistor (R3) is connected with the positive electrode (R1) of the first resistor (R1) of the second resistor (R1) is connected with the negative electrode of the positive electrode of the NMOS tube (N1) is respectively, the second positive electrode of the semiconductor diode (D1) is connected with an external power supply (VIN), the common negative electrode of the semiconductor diode (D1) is respectively connected with the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2) and one end of an eighth resistor (R8), and the other end of the eighth resistor (R8) is grounded. In the invention, the starting voltage of the first PMOS tube (P1) is higher than the full-charge voltage of the battery (VBAT). In the invention, the source electrodes (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) are oppositely arranged, so that current can only flow from an external power supply (VIN) to a load or from a battery (VBAT) to the load, reverse current filling is prevented, and the stability and the safety are improved; the invention matches the battery (VBAT) with the external power supply (VIN), switches the power supply at any time, and has flexible work; only when the battery (VBAT) supplies power, an external wired power supply is not needed, and the mobility is strong; the external power supply (VIN) is connected before the electric quantity of the battery (VBAT) is exhausted, the load can work continuously, the battery (VBAT) can be automatically disconnected when the external power supply (VIN) is connected, the battery (VBAT) is prevented from being charged with current, and the safety is high.
Further, the resistance values of the first resistor (R1), the second resistor (R2), the third resistor (R3), the eighth resistor (R8) and the ninth resistor (R9) are all 100KΩ; the voltage range of the battery (VBAT) is 8V-21V, and the starting voltage of the first PMOS tube (P1) is larger than 21V; the semiconductor diode (D1) is a Schottky diode BAT54C; the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) are semiconductor field effect transistors with short switching time and low on-resistance. According to the invention, the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) bear tens of amperes of current and cannot generate heat.
When the battery (VBAT) is independently powered, the voltage at the external power supply (VIN) is 0V, and the NMOS tube (N1) and the first PMOS tube (P1) are in a cut-off state; the eighth resistor (R8), the ninth resistor (R9) and the semiconductor diode (D1) form an opening circuit of a battery (VBAT) channel, the battery (VBAT) is connected to charge the source electrode (S) through a follow current diode on the second PMOS tube (P2), the battery (VBAT) is divided by the eighth resistor (R8) and the ninth resistor (R9) and then is applied to the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2), at the moment, the voltage between the source electrode (S) and the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2) is far greater than the opening voltage, the second PMOS tube (P2) is turned on, and meanwhile, the follow current diode is turned off. The design of the starting circuits R8, R9 and D1 ensures that the second PMOS tube (P2) can be closed by the external power supply (VIN), and the second PMOS tube (P2) is self-opened when the external power supply (VIN) is not available.
When an external power supply (VIN) is independently powered, a voltage stabilizing tube (Z1), a first resistor (R1) and an NMOS tube (N1) form a starting circuit of the external power supply (VIN), the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) is larger than 22V, the voltage of a grid electrode (G) applied to the NMOS tube (N1) through the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) and the first resistor (R1) is about 2V, the NMOS tube (N1) is started, then the external power supply (VIN) is connected in parallel with a current divider of a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3) and the NMOS tube (N1) through a freewheeling diode, the voltage of the grid electrode (G) of the source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is larger than the starting voltage, and the first PMOS tube (P1) is conducted; at this time, the voltage of the gate (G) of the second PMOS transistor (P2) applied by the external power supply (VIN) through the semiconductor diode (D1) will be greater than the voltage of the battery (VBAT) (i.e., the voltage of the source (S) applied to the second PMOS transistor (P2)), so that the second PMOS transistor (P2) is turned off. The circuit design ensures that when the external power supply (VIN) power supply channel is opened, the battery (VBAT) power supply channel is closed, and the internal voltage VOU is prevented from being reversely poured into the port of the battery (VBAT).
When the battery (VBAT) and the external power supply (VIN) are simultaneously connected, the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) has a rising process, when the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) rises to be close to the voltage of the battery (VBAT), the second PMOS tube (P2) is firstly cut off and closed, at the moment, the load keeps extremely short-time work by the freewheeling diodes on the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2), when the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) rises to about 22V, the NMOS tube (N1) enters an on state through the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) and the first resistor (R1), the voltage of the grid electrode (G) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is pulled down to enter an on state, and the external power supply (VIN) starts to supply power; after the external power supply (VIN) is supplied, the first PMOS tube (P1) is turned on, the second PMOS tube (P2) is turned off, and the freewheeling diodes of the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) are turned off. The circuit design ensures that when the battery (VBAT) and the external power supply (VIN) are simultaneously connected, the external power supply (VIN) power supply channel is opened and the battery (VBAT) power supply channel is closed; in the circuit, a voltage stabilizing tube (Z1), a first resistor (R1) and an NMOS tube (N1) form a control circuit of an external power supply (VIN), and an eighth resistor (R8), a ninth resistor (R9) and a semiconductor diode (D1) form a control circuit of a battery (VBAT).
The VOU is the output voltage after power selection, can be used as a power supply of high-power equipment, and simultaneously is connected with an independent charging circuit in parallel to charge a battery (VBAT), the charging is automatically stopped after the battery is fully charged, and the voltage of the fully charged battery (VBAT) is not higher than the VOU, so that the second PMOS tube (P2) is always kept in a closed state.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in this way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of the invention should be covered in the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A power selection module, characterized by: comprises a first PMOS tube (P1), a second PMOS tube (P2) and an NMOS tube (N1), wherein the first PMOS tube (P1), the second PMOS tube (P2) and the NMOS tube (N1) are respectively connected with a freewheeling diode in an anti-parallel manner, a drain electrode (D) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is respectively connected with an external power supply (VIN) and a negative electrode of a voltage stabilizing tube (Z1), a source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) and a source electrode (S) of the second PMOS tube (P2) are respectively connected with a positive electrode of a load, a source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is connected with one end of a third resistor (R3), the other end of the third resistor (R3) is respectively connected with one end of the second resistor (R2) and a grid electrode (G) of the first PMOS tube (P1), the other end of the second resistor (R2) is connected with the drain electrode (D) of the NMOS tube (N1), the positive electrode of the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) is respectively connected with the grid electrode (G) of the NMOS tube (N1) and one end of the first resistor (R1), the other end of the first resistor (R1), the source electrode (S) of the NMOS tube (N1) and the negative electrode of the load are grounded, the drain electrode (D) of the second PMOS tube (P2) is respectively connected with one ends of the battery (VBAT) and the ninth resistor (R9), the other end of the ninth resistor (R9) is connected with the first positive electrode of the semiconductor diode (D1), the second positive electrode of the semiconductor diode (D1) is connected with an external power supply (VIN), the common negative electrode of the semiconductor diode (D1) is respectively connected with the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2) and one end of an eighth resistor (R8), and the other end of the eighth resistor (R8) is grounded;
when the battery (VBAT) is independently powered, the voltage at the external power supply (VIN) is 0V, and the NMOS tube (N1) and the first PMOS tube (P1) are in a cut-off state; the eighth resistor (R8), the ninth resistor (R9) and the semiconductor diode (D1) form an opening circuit of a battery (VBAT) channel, the battery (VBAT) is connected to charge the source electrode (S) through a freewheeling diode on the second PMOS tube (P2), the battery (VBAT) is divided by the eighth resistor (R8) and the ninth resistor (R9) and then is applied to the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2), at the moment, the voltage between the source electrode (S) and the grid electrode (G) of the second PMOS tube (P2) is far greater than the opening voltage, the second PMOS tube (P2) is turned on, and meanwhile, the freewheeling diode is turned off;
When an external power supply (VIN) is independently powered, a voltage stabilizing tube (Z1), a first resistor (R1) and an NMOS tube (N1) form a starting circuit of the external power supply (VIN), the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) is larger than 22V, the voltage of a grid electrode (G) applied to the NMOS tube (N1) through the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) and the first resistor (R1) is about 2V, the NMOS tube (N1) is started, then the external power supply (VIN) is connected in parallel with a current divider of a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3) and the NMOS tube (N1) through a freewheeling diode, the voltage of the grid electrode (G) of the source electrode (S) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is larger than the starting voltage, and the first PMOS tube (P1) is conducted; at this time, the voltage of the gate (G) of the second PMOS transistor (P2) applied by the external power supply (VIN) through the semiconductor diode (D1) will be greater than the voltage of the battery (VBAT) (i.e., the voltage of the source (S) applied to the second PMOS transistor (P2)), so that the second PMOS transistor (P2) is turned off.
2. A power selection module according to claim 1, wherein: when the battery (VBAT) and the external power supply (VIN) are simultaneously connected, the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) has a rising process, when the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) rises to be close to the voltage of the battery (VBAT), the second PMOS tube (P2) is firstly cut off and closed, at the moment, the load keeps extremely short-time work by the freewheeling diodes on the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2), when the voltage of the external power supply (VIN) rises to about 22V, the NMOS tube (N1) enters an on state through the voltage stabilizing tube (Z1) and the first resistor (R1), the voltage of the grid electrode (G) of the first PMOS tube (P1) is pulled down to enter an on state, and the external power supply (VIN) starts to supply power; after the external power supply (VIN) is supplied, the first PMOS tube (P1) is turned on, the second PMOS tube (P2) is turned off, and the freewheeling diodes of the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) are turned off.
3. A power selection module according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the resistance values of the first resistor (R1), the second resistor (R2), the third resistor (R3), the eighth resistor (R8) and the ninth resistor (R9) are all 100KΩ.
4. A power selection module according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the voltage range of the battery (VBAT) is 8V-21V, and the starting voltage of the first PMOS tube (P1) is larger than 21V.
5. A power selection module according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the semiconductor diode (D1) is a schottky diode BAT54C.
6. A power selection module according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the first PMOS tube (P1) and the second PMOS tube (P2) are semiconductor field effect transistors with short switching time and low on-resistance.
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| CN201910895811.5A CN110535231B (en) | 2019-09-21 | 2019-09-21 | Power supply selection module |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910895811.5A CN110535231B (en) | 2019-09-21 | 2019-09-21 | Power supply selection module |
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| CN110535231A CN110535231A (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| CN110535231B true CN110535231B (en) | 2024-07-16 |
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| CN210225057U (en) * | 2019-09-21 | 2020-03-31 | 温岭爱特制冷设备有限公司 | Power supply selection module |
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| CN104038194B (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2017-10-24 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of power switch circuit |
| CN106356988B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2019-01-15 | 珠海市杰理科技股份有限公司 | Power supply control switching circuit |
| CN106532912B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-01-25 | 上海华虹集成电路有限责任公司 | The dynamic power supplies path selecting circuit of USB and battery dual power supply |
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