CN110532177A - A kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program - Google Patents
A kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program Download PDFInfo
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- CN110532177A CN110532177A CN201910718483.1A CN201910718483A CN110532177A CN 110532177 A CN110532177 A CN 110532177A CN 201910718483 A CN201910718483 A CN 201910718483A CN 110532177 A CN110532177 A CN 110532177A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
- G06F11/36—Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
- G06F11/3668—Software testing
- G06F11/3672—Test management
- G06F11/3684—Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and the automatic test cases towards PLC program generate system, comprising: conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;Analysis module generates test use cases using the semiology analysis tool of C language for the C programmer after modeling as input.System provided in an embodiment of the present invention, for being C programmer by PLC language Program transformation, borrow the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, these programs can effectively be handled, generate the test use cases of high quality, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, and especially in large scale, function complexity industrial control system, which can play a positive role.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to software testing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of automatic test cases towards PLC program are raw
At system.
Background technique
One programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC) is substantially a kind of computer for being exclusively used in Industry Control, alive
Boundary various regions are widely used, especially industrial control field.However, PLC software vulnerability will cause economic loss, even people
Body safety.Software test is to guarantee a kind of effective means of speed measuring with software.In order to avoid accident generation, PLC software is being sent out
Before cloth must function, structure and in terms of tested comprehensively.
Although PLC has been widely used, what its automated test tool was still a lack of.Existing PLC tool
It mainly include Integrated Development Environment (ide) and PLC simulator, PLC device in the exploitation and simulation framework for facilitating code
Behavior and design.They substantially in a manner of manual setting input data based on, not only the degree of automation is low, but also can not be
Information in relation to code coverage is provided after the completion of test.
Summary of the invention
The new technical side for the automatic test cases generation towards PLC program that it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of
Case.In order to which some aspects of the embodiment to disclosure have a basic understanding, simple summary is shown below.The summary portion
Dividing is not extensive overview, nor to determine key/critical component or describe the protection scope of these embodiments.It is unique
Purpose is that some concepts are presented with simple form, in this, as the preamble of following detailed description.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program is provided
System, comprising:
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module is generated for the C programmer after modeling as input using the semiology analysis tool of C language
Test use cases.
Further, the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
Further, the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate and Condition Coverage Testing rate.
Further, the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate;The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows:
Branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
Further, the test case information includes each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation
The time of test case and committed memory.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for realizing using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to C language of equal value
Say the conversion of program.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence
Conversion.
Further, the modeling module is specifically used for being directed to the source PLC journey using iterative manner in the C programmer
The period of sequence executes semanteme and is modeled.
Further, the modeling module is followed specifically for constructing a in the main function of the C programmer
Ring.
Further, the analysis module includes expansion module, and the expansion module is for the C language journey after it will model
Before sequence is as input, the semiology analysis tool of C language is extended, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention can include the following benefits:
Automatic test cases provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program generate system, are used for PLC language journey
Sequence is converted to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, can effectively handle these programs, generates high-quality
The test use cases of amount, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, especially it is in large scale,
On the industrial control system of function complexity, which can play a positive role.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, also, partly become from specification
It is clear that alternatively, Partial Feature and advantage can deduce from specification or unambiguously determine, or pass through implementation
The embodiment of the present invention understands.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by written specification, claims and attached
Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in figure.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The some embodiments recorded in invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts,
It is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the automatic test cases towards PLC program of an embodiment of the present disclosure generate system structure diagram;
Fig. 2 is the automatic test cases generation method flow chart towards PLC program of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is the diagram of the C programmer code after the example procedure Hysteresis conversion of another embodiment of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific implementation
The present invention will be further described for example.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, and does not have to
It is of the invention in limiting.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work premise
Under every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art
The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless idealization or meaning too formal otherwise will not be used by specific definitions as here
To explain.
As shown in Figure 1, the application one embodiment provides a kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program
System, comprising:
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module is generated for the C programmer after modeling as input using the semiology analysis tool of C language
Test use cases.
In some embodiments, conversion module is specifically used for: being realized from PLC source program to equivalence using Matiec compiler
The conversion of C programmer, it is described from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value include be directed to PLC source program difference variable
The conversion of type, timer and sentence.
In some embodiments, modeling module is specifically used for: the period using iterative manner for PLC source program executes language
Justice is modeled;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, using circulation execution pattern, so in the main function of C language
A for circulation is constructed to execute task.
In some embodiments, analysis module is specifically used for: generating test using the KLEE tool based on semiology analysis and uses
Example collection;Based on the C programmer after modeling procedure, test is generated using the semiology analysis tool (extension of KLEE) of C language and is used
Example collection;
Further, the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
In some embodiments, statistical module is specifically used for: according to coverage rate calculation formula, calculating analytical procedure and generates survey
The coverage rate of set of uses case is tried, the coverage rate can be sentence covering rate, branch covering rate or Condition Coverage Testing rate etc.;
In some embodiments, output module is specifically used for: output analysis module and the obtained test case of statistical module
Information, test case information include each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation time etc..
In some embodiments, the conversion module is specifically used for: using open source compiler Matiec, from meeting IEC
The PLC source program that three kinds of text languages (ST, IL, SFC) of 61131-3 standard are write, conversion generate ANSI C programmer;Its
In experienced four steps: morphological analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis and code building.
In some embodiments, the modeling module is specifically used for: iterative manner is used in the C programmer that conversion comes
It is modeled for the period execution semanteme of PLC source program;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, mould is executed using circulation
Formula, so constructing a for circulation in the main function of C programmer to execute task.
Further, the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate and Condition Coverage Testing rate.
Further, the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate;The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows:
Branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
Further, the test case information includes each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation
The time of test case and committed memory.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for realizing using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to C language of equal value
Say the conversion of program.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence
Conversion.
Further, the modeling module is specifically used for being directed to the source PLC journey using iterative manner in the C programmer
The period of sequence executes semanteme and is modeled.
Further, the modeling module is followed specifically for constructing a in the main function of the C programmer
Ring.
Further, the analysis module includes expansion module, and the expansion module is for the C language journey after it will model
Before sequence is as input, the semiology analysis tool of C language is extended, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic.
In some embodiments, the expansion module is used for: being extended to semiology analysis tool KLEE, the source PLC is added
The period of program executes characteristic, and semantic C programmer is executed with the period so as to handle.
Semiology analysis tool KLEE needs to be used cooperatively with constraint solver in the process of execution, meets the base of semiology analysis
Present principles;The test case of generation concentrates each group of test case that can correspond to variable in each period of PLC source program
Value.
Automatic test cases provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program generate system, are used for PLC language journey
Sequence is converted to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, can effectively handle these programs, generates high-quality
The test use cases of amount, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, especially it is in large scale,
On the industrial control system of function complexity, which can play a positive role.
As shown in Fig. 2, the application one embodiment provides a kind of automatic test cases generation side towards PLC program
Method, comprising:
S1: PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value by switch process;
S2: modeling procedure executes semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program, models to the C programmer;
S3: analytical procedure, it is raw using the semiology analysis tool of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input
At test use cases.
Further, the automatic test cases generation method towards PLC program can also include:
S4: statistic procedure, the coverage rate of statistical test set of uses case;
S5: output step exports test case information.
Specifically:
Switch process includes: to be realized using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value, institute
Stating from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value includes for PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence
Conversion.
Modeling procedure includes: to execute semanteme for the period of PLC source program using iterative manner to be modeled;Due to PLC
What program did not terminated usually, using circulation execution pattern, come so constructing a for circulation in the main function of C language
Execution task.
Analytical procedure includes: to generate test use cases using the KLEE tool based on semiology analysis;After modeling procedure
C programmer, utilize C language semiology analysis tool (extension of KLEE) generate test use cases;
Statistic procedure includes: to calculate the coverage rate that analytical procedure generates test use cases, institute according to coverage rate calculation formula
Stating coverage rate can be sentence covering rate, branch covering rate or Condition Coverage Testing rate etc.;
Output step includes: the test case information for exporting analytical procedure and statistic procedure and obtaining, test case packet
Each variable is included in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation time etc..
The application another embodiment provides for a kind of automatic test cases generation method towards PLC program, comprising:
S10: PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value by switch process;
S20: modeling procedure executes semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program, models to the C programmer;
S30: analytical procedure utilizes the semiology analysis tool of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input
Generate test use cases;
S40: statistic procedure, the coverage rate of statistical test set of uses case;
S50: output step exports test case information.
Specifically:
The switch process includes: using open source compiler Matiec, from three kinds of texts for meeting IEC 61131-3 standard
The PLC source program that language (ST, IL, SFC) is write, conversion generate ANSI C programmer;It wherein experienced four steps: morphology
Analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis and code building.
The modeling procedure includes: the period for being directed to PLC source program using iterative manner in the C programmer that conversion comes
Semanteme is executed to be modeled;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, using circulation execution pattern, so in C programmer
A for circulation is constructed in main function to execute task.
The analytical procedure includes: to utilize the semiology analysis of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input
Tool generates test use cases;
In some embodiments, the analytical procedure further includes spread step, and the spread step includes: after it will model
C programmer as input before, the semiology analysis tool KLEE of C language is extended, be added PLC source program period
Execute characteristic;
It is to be held using the symbol of the C language after extension that the semiology analysis tool using C language, which generates test use cases,
Row tool generates test use cases.
Firstly, being extended to semiology analysis tool KLEE, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic, so as to
Processing executes semantic C programmer with the period;Secondly, semiology analysis tool KLEE needs to ask with constraint in the process of execution
Solution device is used cooperatively, and meets the basic principle of semiology analysis;Finally, the test case generated concentrates each group of test case can be with
Correspond to the value of variable in each period of PLC source program.
The statistic procedure includes: the coverage rate statistical tool that C can be used, can also covering according to corresponding coverage criterion
Lid rate calculation formula calculates the coverage rate that analytical procedure generates test use cases.
The output step includes: the test case information for exporting analytical procedure and statistic procedure and obtaining, test case letter
Breath includes test use cases, total coverage rate, the time for generating test case and committed memory etc..
Symbolic execution technique for automatic generating test case is widely used general programming language C programmer
Test in, for example, the automated test tools such as KLEE, CAUT, SmartUnit all support C programmer.Wherein, KLEE by
Daniel Dunbar of Stanford University et al. is designed and developed, and uses the intermediate code form of LLVM as input, to C language
Integration testing optimizes, and is the semiology analysis frame of the open source being implemented on LLVM.KLEE has as testing tool
Higher automation feature, testing efficiency is very high, and can reach the coverage rate of very high program code, to Integrated Development
The support of test is comprehensive and complete.
For the application another embodiment provides for example procedure Hysteresis, program code is as follows.
Position formula of the program for process controls.Hysteresis has 3 input variables: input signal IN1, comparison signal
IN2, lagged value EPS.Output variable Q is used to indicate whether output signal is switched.
Switch process inputs the Hysteresis program write using the structured text language of IEC 61131-3 standard,
Then it is parsed using MATIEC compiler, PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value, such as Fig. 3 (the 1st row to the
14 rows) shown in.
Modeling procedure executes semanteme for the period of PLC source program in the C programmer that conversion comes and is modeled, In
It is embodied in main function, as shown in the 17th row of Fig. 3.Wherein, its maximum the number of iterations of expression of MAX_ITER.
Analytical procedure generates test use cases using the semiology analysis tool of C language.Its test use cases is as shown in table 1.
The first row indicates the variable assignments of a cycle in table 1.
Table 1
Statistic procedure, according to branch covering rate calculation formula (branch covering rate=(the branch's number/branch covered is total
Number) * 100%), the branch covering rate of test use cases in computational chart 1, the results showed that reached 100% branch covering rate.
Export step, output test use cases, coverage rate, the information such as time for generating test case.
Embodiment the result shows that: this method can for PLC program automatically generate test use cases and calculate and output coverage rate
Etc. information.In addition, the test use cases coverage rate generated is higher, also there is certain advantage in terms of time and cost, is guaranteeing PLC
Program safety can serve larger in terms of reliably running.
Automatic test cases generation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program turns PLC language program
It is changed to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic, Neng Gouyou
Effect ground handles these programs, generates the test use cases of high quality, and the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, high-efficient etc.
Advantage, especially in large scale, function complexity industrial control system, this method can play a positive role.
It should be understood that
Algorithm and display be not inherently related to any certain computer, virtual bench or other equipment provided herein.
Various fexible units can also be used together with teachings based herein.As described above, it constructs required by this kind of device
Structure be obvious.In addition, the present invention is also not directed to any particular programming language.It should be understood that can use various
Programming language realizes summary of the invention described herein, and the description done above to language-specific is to disclose this hair
Bright preferred forms.
In the instructions provided here, numerous specific details are set forth.It is to be appreciated, however, that implementation of the invention
Example can be practiced without these specific details.In some instances, well known method, structure is not been shown in detail
And technology, so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of the various inventive aspects, In
Above in the description of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each feature of the invention is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: i.e. required to protect
Shield the present invention claims features more more than feature expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following
Claims reflect as, inventive aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following specific embodiment are expressly incorporated in the specific embodiment, wherein each claim itself
All as a separate embodiment of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will understand that can be carried out adaptively to the module in the equipment in embodiment
Change and they are arranged in one or more devices different from this embodiment.It can be the module or list in embodiment
Member or component are combined into a module or unit or component, and furthermore they can be divided into multiple submodule or subelement or
Sub-component.Other than such feature and/or at least some of process or unit exclude each other, it can use any
Combination is to all features disclosed in this specification (including adjoint claim, abstract and attached drawing) and so disclosed
All process or units of what method or apparatus are combined.Unless expressly stated otherwise, this specification is (including adjoint power
Benefit require, abstract and attached drawing) disclosed in each feature can carry out generation with an alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose
It replaces.
In addition, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that although some embodiments described herein include other embodiments
In included certain features rather than other feature, but the combination of the feature of different embodiments mean it is of the invention
Within the scope of and form different embodiments.For example, in the following claims, embodiment claimed is appointed
Meaning one of can in any combination mode come using.
Various component embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware, or to run on one or more processors
Software module realize, or be implemented in a combination thereof.It will be understood by those of skill in the art that can be used in practice
One in the creating device of microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) to realize virtual machine according to an embodiment of the present invention
The some or all functions of a little or whole components.The present invention is also implemented as executing method as described herein
Some or all device or device programs (for example, computer program and computer program product).Such realization
Program of the invention can store on a computer-readable medium, or may be in the form of one or more signals.This
The signal of sample can be downloaded from an internet website to obtain, and is perhaps provided on the carrier signal or mentions in any other forms
For.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and ability
Field technique personnel can be designed alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In the claims,
Any reference symbol between parentheses should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of not
Element or step listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" located in front of the element does not exclude the presence of multiple such
Element.The present invention can be by means of including the hardware of several different elements and being come by means of properly programmed computer real
It is existing.In the unit claims listing several devices, several in these devices can be through the same hardware branch
To embody.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate any sequence.These words can be explained and be run after fame
Claim.
It should be understood that although each step in the flow chart of attached drawing is successively shown according to the instruction of arrow,
These steps are not that the inevitable sequence according to arrow instruction successively executes.Unless expressly stating otherwise herein, these steps
Execution there is no stringent sequences to limit, can execute in the other order.Moreover, at least one in the flow chart of attached drawing
Part steps may include that perhaps these sub-steps of multiple stages or stage are not necessarily in synchronization to multiple sub-steps
Completion is executed, but can be executed at different times, execution sequence, which is also not necessarily, successively to be carried out, but can be with other
At least part of the sub-step or stage of step or other steps executes in turn or alternately.
Embodiments of the present invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not
Therefore limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention are interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art,
Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention
It encloses.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of automatic test cases towards PLC program generate system characterized by comprising
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module generates test using the semiology analysis tool of C language for the C programmer after modeling as input
Set of uses case.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
3. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate
With Condition Coverage Testing rate.
4. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate;
The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows: branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
5. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the test case information includes each variable in each week
The assignment of phase, total coverage rate, the time for generating test case and committed memory.
6. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conversion module is specifically used for using Matiec compiler
It realizes from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value.
7. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program
The conversion of different typess of variables, timer and sentence.
8. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modeling module is specifically used in the C programmer
The middle period execution semanteme using iterative manner for PLC source program is modeled.
9. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modeling module is specifically used in the C programmer
Main function in construction one for circulation.
10. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the analysis module includes expansion module, the expanded mode
Block is used for before the C programmer after modeling is as input, is extended to the semiology analysis tool of C language, and PLC is added
The period of source program executes characteristic.
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董齐兴: "《基于动态符号执行的测试用例生成技术研究》", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 信息科技辑》 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111258915A (en) * | 2020-02-27 | 2020-06-09 | 成都乐创自动化技术股份有限公司 | Method for carrying out automatic unit test aiming at PLC program |
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