CN110532177A - A kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program - Google Patents

A kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110532177A
CN110532177A CN201910718483.1A CN201910718483A CN110532177A CN 110532177 A CN110532177 A CN 110532177A CN 201910718483 A CN201910718483 A CN 201910718483A CN 110532177 A CN110532177 A CN 110532177A
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programmer
plc
module
source program
test
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CN201910718483.1A
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Inventor
史建琦
黄滟鸿
郭欣
石奇
郝丽
佘庆
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Shanghai Fenglei Information Technology Co Ltd
East China Normal University
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Shanghai Fenglei Information Technology Co Ltd
East China Normal University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/36Preventing errors by testing or debugging software
    • G06F11/3668Software testing
    • G06F11/3672Test management
    • G06F11/3684Test management for test design, e.g. generating new test cases
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F8/00Arrangements for software engineering
    • G06F8/40Transformation of program code
    • G06F8/51Source to source

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Debugging And Monitoring (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of, and the automatic test cases towards PLC program generate system, comprising: conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;Analysis module generates test use cases using the semiology analysis tool of C language for the C programmer after modeling as input.System provided in an embodiment of the present invention, for being C programmer by PLC language Program transformation, borrow the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, these programs can effectively be handled, generate the test use cases of high quality, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, and especially in large scale, function complexity industrial control system, which can play a positive role.

Description

A kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program
Technical field
The present invention relates to software testing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of automatic test cases towards PLC program are raw At system.
Background technique
One programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC) is substantially a kind of computer for being exclusively used in Industry Control, alive Boundary various regions are widely used, especially industrial control field.However, PLC software vulnerability will cause economic loss, even people Body safety.Software test is to guarantee a kind of effective means of speed measuring with software.In order to avoid accident generation, PLC software is being sent out Before cloth must function, structure and in terms of tested comprehensively.
Although PLC has been widely used, what its automated test tool was still a lack of.Existing PLC tool It mainly include Integrated Development Environment (ide) and PLC simulator, PLC device in the exploitation and simulation framework for facilitating code Behavior and design.They substantially in a manner of manual setting input data based on, not only the degree of automation is low, but also can not be Information in relation to code coverage is provided after the completion of test.
Summary of the invention
The new technical side for the automatic test cases generation towards PLC program that it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of Case.In order to which some aspects of the embodiment to disclosure have a basic understanding, simple summary is shown below.The summary portion Dividing is not extensive overview, nor to determine key/critical component or describe the protection scope of these embodiments.It is unique Purpose is that some concepts are presented with simple form, in this, as the preamble of following detailed description.
According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program is provided System, comprising:
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module is generated for the C programmer after modeling as input using the semiology analysis tool of C language Test use cases.
Further, the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
Further, the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate and Condition Coverage Testing rate.
Further, the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate;The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows: Branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
Further, the test case information includes each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation The time of test case and committed memory.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for realizing using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to C language of equal value Say the conversion of program.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence Conversion.
Further, the modeling module is specifically used for being directed to the source PLC journey using iterative manner in the C programmer The period of sequence executes semanteme and is modeled.
Further, the modeling module is followed specifically for constructing a in the main function of the C programmer Ring.
Further, the analysis module includes expansion module, and the expansion module is for the C language journey after it will model Before sequence is as input, the semiology analysis tool of C language is extended, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic.
Technical solution provided in an embodiment of the present invention can include the following benefits:
Automatic test cases provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program generate system, are used for PLC language journey Sequence is converted to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, can effectively handle these programs, generates high-quality The test use cases of amount, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, especially it is in large scale, On the industrial control system of function complexity, which can play a positive role.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will illustrate in the following description, also, partly become from specification It is clear that alternatively, Partial Feature and advantage can deduce from specification or unambiguously determine, or pass through implementation The embodiment of the present invention understands.The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be by written specification, claims and attached Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained in figure.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this The some embodiments recorded in invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, It is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is that the automatic test cases towards PLC program of an embodiment of the present disclosure generate system structure diagram;
Fig. 2 is the automatic test cases generation method flow chart towards PLC program of an embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 3 is the diagram of the C programmer code after the example procedure Hysteresis conversion of another embodiment of the disclosure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawing and specific implementation The present invention will be further described for example.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, and does not have to It is of the invention in limiting.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are not making creative work premise Under every other embodiment obtained, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art Language and scientific term), there is meaning identical with the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in fields of the present invention.Should also Understand, those terms such as defined in the general dictionary, it should be understood that have in the context of the prior art The consistent meaning of meaning, and unless idealization or meaning too formal otherwise will not be used by specific definitions as here To explain.
As shown in Figure 1, the application one embodiment provides a kind of automatic test cases generation system towards PLC program System, comprising:
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module is generated for the C programmer after modeling as input using the semiology analysis tool of C language Test use cases.
In some embodiments, conversion module is specifically used for: being realized from PLC source program to equivalence using Matiec compiler The conversion of C programmer, it is described from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value include be directed to PLC source program difference variable The conversion of type, timer and sentence.
In some embodiments, modeling module is specifically used for: the period using iterative manner for PLC source program executes language Justice is modeled;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, using circulation execution pattern, so in the main function of C language A for circulation is constructed to execute task.
In some embodiments, analysis module is specifically used for: generating test using the KLEE tool based on semiology analysis and uses Example collection;Based on the C programmer after modeling procedure, test is generated using the semiology analysis tool (extension of KLEE) of C language and is used Example collection;
Further, the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
In some embodiments, statistical module is specifically used for: according to coverage rate calculation formula, calculating analytical procedure and generates survey The coverage rate of set of uses case is tried, the coverage rate can be sentence covering rate, branch covering rate or Condition Coverage Testing rate etc.;
In some embodiments, output module is specifically used for: output analysis module and the obtained test case of statistical module Information, test case information include each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation time etc..
In some embodiments, the conversion module is specifically used for: using open source compiler Matiec, from meeting IEC The PLC source program that three kinds of text languages (ST, IL, SFC) of 61131-3 standard are write, conversion generate ANSI C programmer;Its In experienced four steps: morphological analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis and code building.
In some embodiments, the modeling module is specifically used for: iterative manner is used in the C programmer that conversion comes It is modeled for the period execution semanteme of PLC source program;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, mould is executed using circulation Formula, so constructing a for circulation in the main function of C programmer to execute task.
Further, the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate and Condition Coverage Testing rate.
Further, the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate;The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows: Branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
Further, the test case information includes each variable in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation The time of test case and committed memory.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for realizing using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to C language of equal value Say the conversion of program.
Further, the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence Conversion.
Further, the modeling module is specifically used for being directed to the source PLC journey using iterative manner in the C programmer The period of sequence executes semanteme and is modeled.
Further, the modeling module is followed specifically for constructing a in the main function of the C programmer Ring.
Further, the analysis module includes expansion module, and the expansion module is for the C language journey after it will model Before sequence is as input, the semiology analysis tool of C language is extended, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic.
In some embodiments, the expansion module is used for: being extended to semiology analysis tool KLEE, the source PLC is added The period of program executes characteristic, and semantic C programmer is executed with the period so as to handle.
Semiology analysis tool KLEE needs to be used cooperatively with constraint solver in the process of execution, meets the base of semiology analysis Present principles;The test case of generation concentrates each group of test case that can correspond to variable in each period of PLC source program Value.
Automatic test cases provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program generate system, are used for PLC language journey Sequence is converted to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, can effectively handle these programs, generates high-quality The test use cases of amount, the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, the advantages such as high-efficient, especially it is in large scale, On the industrial control system of function complexity, which can play a positive role.
As shown in Fig. 2, the application one embodiment provides a kind of automatic test cases generation side towards PLC program Method, comprising:
S1: PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value by switch process;
S2: modeling procedure executes semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program, models to the C programmer;
S3: analytical procedure, it is raw using the semiology analysis tool of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input At test use cases.
Further, the automatic test cases generation method towards PLC program can also include:
S4: statistic procedure, the coverage rate of statistical test set of uses case;
S5: output step exports test case information.
Specifically:
Switch process includes: to be realized using Matiec compiler from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value, institute Stating from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value includes for PLC source program difference types of variables, timer and sentence Conversion.
Modeling procedure includes: to execute semanteme for the period of PLC source program using iterative manner to be modeled;Due to PLC What program did not terminated usually, using circulation execution pattern, come so constructing a for circulation in the main function of C language Execution task.
Analytical procedure includes: to generate test use cases using the KLEE tool based on semiology analysis;After modeling procedure C programmer, utilize C language semiology analysis tool (extension of KLEE) generate test use cases;
Statistic procedure includes: to calculate the coverage rate that analytical procedure generates test use cases, institute according to coverage rate calculation formula Stating coverage rate can be sentence covering rate, branch covering rate or Condition Coverage Testing rate etc.;
Output step includes: the test case information for exporting analytical procedure and statistic procedure and obtaining, test case packet Each variable is included in the assignment in each period, total coverage rate, generation time etc..
The application another embodiment provides for a kind of automatic test cases generation method towards PLC program, comprising:
S10: PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value by switch process;
S20: modeling procedure executes semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program, models to the C programmer;
S30: analytical procedure utilizes the semiology analysis tool of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input Generate test use cases;
S40: statistic procedure, the coverage rate of statistical test set of uses case;
S50: output step exports test case information.
Specifically:
The switch process includes: using open source compiler Matiec, from three kinds of texts for meeting IEC 61131-3 standard The PLC source program that language (ST, IL, SFC) is write, conversion generate ANSI C programmer;It wherein experienced four steps: morphology Analysis, syntactic analysis, semantic analysis and code building.
The modeling procedure includes: the period for being directed to PLC source program using iterative manner in the C programmer that conversion comes Semanteme is executed to be modeled;It is not terminated usually due to PLC program, using circulation execution pattern, so in C programmer A for circulation is constructed in main function to execute task.
The analytical procedure includes: to utilize the semiology analysis of C language using the C programmer after modeling procedure as input Tool generates test use cases;
In some embodiments, the analytical procedure further includes spread step, and the spread step includes: after it will model C programmer as input before, the semiology analysis tool KLEE of C language is extended, be added PLC source program period Execute characteristic;
It is to be held using the symbol of the C language after extension that the semiology analysis tool using C language, which generates test use cases, Row tool generates test use cases.
Firstly, being extended to semiology analysis tool KLEE, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic, so as to Processing executes semantic C programmer with the period;Secondly, semiology analysis tool KLEE needs to ask with constraint in the process of execution Solution device is used cooperatively, and meets the basic principle of semiology analysis;Finally, the test case generated concentrates each group of test case can be with Correspond to the value of variable in each period of PLC source program.
The statistic procedure includes: the coverage rate statistical tool that C can be used, can also covering according to corresponding coverage criterion Lid rate calculation formula calculates the coverage rate that analytical procedure generates test use cases.
The output step includes: the test case information for exporting analytical procedure and statistic procedure and obtaining, test case letter Breath includes test use cases, total coverage rate, the time for generating test case and committed memory etc..
Symbolic execution technique for automatic generating test case is widely used general programming language C programmer Test in, for example, the automated test tools such as KLEE, CAUT, SmartUnit all support C programmer.Wherein, KLEE by Daniel Dunbar of Stanford University et al. is designed and developed, and uses the intermediate code form of LLVM as input, to C language Integration testing optimizes, and is the semiology analysis frame of the open source being implemented on LLVM.KLEE has as testing tool Higher automation feature, testing efficiency is very high, and can reach the coverage rate of very high program code, to Integrated Development The support of test is comprehensive and complete.
For the application another embodiment provides for example procedure Hysteresis, program code is as follows.
Position formula of the program for process controls.Hysteresis has 3 input variables: input signal IN1, comparison signal IN2, lagged value EPS.Output variable Q is used to indicate whether output signal is switched.
Switch process inputs the Hysteresis program write using the structured text language of IEC 61131-3 standard, Then it is parsed using MATIEC compiler, PLC source program is converted to C programmer of equal value, such as Fig. 3 (the 1st row to the 14 rows) shown in.
Modeling procedure executes semanteme for the period of PLC source program in the C programmer that conversion comes and is modeled, In It is embodied in main function, as shown in the 17th row of Fig. 3.Wherein, its maximum the number of iterations of expression of MAX_ITER.
Analytical procedure generates test use cases using the semiology analysis tool of C language.Its test use cases is as shown in table 1. The first row indicates the variable assignments of a cycle in table 1.
Table 1
Statistic procedure, according to branch covering rate calculation formula (branch covering rate=(the branch's number/branch covered is total Number) * 100%), the branch covering rate of test use cases in computational chart 1, the results showed that reached 100% branch covering rate.
Export step, output test use cases, coverage rate, the information such as time for generating test case.
Embodiment the result shows that: this method can for PLC program automatically generate test use cases and calculate and output coverage rate Etc. information.In addition, the test use cases coverage rate generated is higher, also there is certain advantage in terms of time and cost, is guaranteeing PLC Program safety can serve larger in terms of reliably running.
Automatic test cases generation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention towards PLC program turns PLC language program It is changed to C programmer, borrows the tool of the maturation abundant of C language, the period that PLC source program is added executes characteristic, Neng Gouyou Effect ground handles these programs, generates the test use cases of high quality, and the cost for fully demonstrating automatic test is low, high-efficient etc. Advantage, especially in large scale, function complexity industrial control system, this method can play a positive role.
It should be understood that
Algorithm and display be not inherently related to any certain computer, virtual bench or other equipment provided herein. Various fexible units can also be used together with teachings based herein.As described above, it constructs required by this kind of device Structure be obvious.In addition, the present invention is also not directed to any particular programming language.It should be understood that can use various Programming language realizes summary of the invention described herein, and the description done above to language-specific is to disclose this hair Bright preferred forms.
In the instructions provided here, numerous specific details are set forth.It is to be appreciated, however, that implementation of the invention Example can be practiced without these specific details.In some instances, well known method, structure is not been shown in detail And technology, so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of the various inventive aspects, In Above in the description of exemplary embodiment of the present invention, each feature of the invention is grouped together into single implementation sometimes In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: i.e. required to protect Shield the present invention claims features more more than feature expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following Claims reflect as, inventive aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore, Thus the claims for following specific embodiment are expressly incorporated in the specific embodiment, wherein each claim itself All as a separate embodiment of the present invention.
Those skilled in the art will understand that can be carried out adaptively to the module in the equipment in embodiment Change and they are arranged in one or more devices different from this embodiment.It can be the module or list in embodiment Member or component are combined into a module or unit or component, and furthermore they can be divided into multiple submodule or subelement or Sub-component.Other than such feature and/or at least some of process or unit exclude each other, it can use any Combination is to all features disclosed in this specification (including adjoint claim, abstract and attached drawing) and so disclosed All process or units of what method or apparatus are combined.Unless expressly stated otherwise, this specification is (including adjoint power Benefit require, abstract and attached drawing) disclosed in each feature can carry out generation with an alternative feature that provides the same, equivalent, or similar purpose It replaces.
In addition, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that although some embodiments described herein include other embodiments In included certain features rather than other feature, but the combination of the feature of different embodiments mean it is of the invention Within the scope of and form different embodiments.For example, in the following claims, embodiment claimed is appointed Meaning one of can in any combination mode come using.
Various component embodiments of the invention can be implemented in hardware, or to run on one or more processors Software module realize, or be implemented in a combination thereof.It will be understood by those of skill in the art that can be used in practice One in the creating device of microprocessor or digital signal processor (DSP) to realize virtual machine according to an embodiment of the present invention The some or all functions of a little or whole components.The present invention is also implemented as executing method as described herein Some or all device or device programs (for example, computer program and computer program product).Such realization Program of the invention can store on a computer-readable medium, or may be in the form of one or more signals.This The signal of sample can be downloaded from an internet website to obtain, and is perhaps provided on the carrier signal or mentions in any other forms For.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and ability Field technique personnel can be designed alternative embodiment without departing from the scope of the appended claims.In the claims, Any reference symbol between parentheses should not be configured to limitations on claims.Word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of not Element or step listed in the claims.Word "a" or "an" located in front of the element does not exclude the presence of multiple such Element.The present invention can be by means of including the hardware of several different elements and being come by means of properly programmed computer real It is existing.In the unit claims listing several devices, several in these devices can be through the same hardware branch To embody.The use of word first, second, and third does not indicate any sequence.These words can be explained and be run after fame Claim.
It should be understood that although each step in the flow chart of attached drawing is successively shown according to the instruction of arrow, These steps are not that the inevitable sequence according to arrow instruction successively executes.Unless expressly stating otherwise herein, these steps Execution there is no stringent sequences to limit, can execute in the other order.Moreover, at least one in the flow chart of attached drawing Part steps may include that perhaps these sub-steps of multiple stages or stage are not necessarily in synchronization to multiple sub-steps Completion is executed, but can be executed at different times, execution sequence, which is also not necessarily, successively to be carried out, but can be with other At least part of the sub-step or stage of step or other steps executes in turn or alternately.
Embodiments of the present invention above described embodiment only expresses, the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but can not Therefore limitations on the scope of the patent of the present invention are interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, Without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to protection model of the invention It encloses.Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of the invention shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of automatic test cases towards PLC program generate system characterized by comprising
Conversion module, for PLC source program to be converted to C programmer of equal value;
Modeling module models the C programmer for executing semanteme according to the period of the PLC source program;
Analysis module generates test using the semiology analysis tool of C language for the C programmer after modeling as input Set of uses case.
2. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the automatic test cases generate system further include:
Statistical module, the coverage rate for statistical test set of uses case;
Output module, for exporting test case information.
3. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the coverage rate includes sentence covering rate, branch covering rate With Condition Coverage Testing rate.
4. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the coverage rate of the test use cases is branch covering rate; The branch covering rate calculation formula are as follows: branch covering rate=(the branch's number covered/branch's sum) * 100%.
5. system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the test case information includes each variable in each week The assignment of phase, total coverage rate, the time for generating test case and committed memory.
6. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conversion module is specifically used for using Matiec compiler It realizes from PLC source program to the conversion of C programmer of equal value.
7. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the conversion module is specifically used for the PLC source program The conversion of different typess of variables, timer and sentence.
8. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modeling module is specifically used in the C programmer The middle period execution semanteme using iterative manner for PLC source program is modeled.
9. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the modeling module is specifically used in the C programmer Main function in construction one for circulation.
10. system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the analysis module includes expansion module, the expanded mode Block is used for before the C programmer after modeling is as input, is extended to the semiology analysis tool of C language, and PLC is added The period of source program executes characteristic.
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CN111258915A (en) * 2020-02-27 2020-06-09 成都乐创自动化技术股份有限公司 Method for carrying out automatic unit test aiming at PLC program

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Application publication date: 20191203