CN110527928A - 一种耐高温气门座及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种耐高温气门座及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110527928A
CN110527928A CN201910823918.9A CN201910823918A CN110527928A CN 110527928 A CN110527928 A CN 110527928A CN 201910823918 A CN201910823918 A CN 201910823918A CN 110527928 A CN110527928 A CN 110527928A
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high temperature
temperature resistant
tempering
resistant valve
valve seating
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CN110527928B (zh
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张志勇
张绵胜
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Hebei Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd
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Special Metallurgical (beijing) Technology Development Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/009Pearlite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种耐高温气门座,其特征在于,金相组织为回火索氏体,晶粒度≥8级,其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.60‑1.0,Si≤1.0,Mn 1.0‑1.4,Ni≤0.6,Cr 14‑18,W 0.8‑1.2,V≤0.8,其余为Fe。可用于柴油、重油、天然气为原料的内燃机,具有使用寿命长的特点。

Description

一种耐高温气门座及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种气门座,具体来说是一种耐高温气门座,既可以作为排气门座,又可作为进气门座使用,能够适用于铁路机车、船舶及石油开采。
背景技术
内燃机配气机构的气门座是发动机的重要运动部件,要承受着高温、冲击和摩擦,因此其服役条件苛刻、工作环境恶劣。气门座要有优良的高温耐磨损、抗氧化和耐腐蚀性能,以保证气密性和使用寿命。
船舶、发电机组用内燃机,使用的燃料除柴油外,还有重油,与柴油比,这类燃料内燃机的特点是使用成本低、腐蚀性更高,而且所含杂质的研磨性更强。
现在气门座材料主要有三大类,合金铸铁、粉末冶金或奥氏体钢。
CN101892435A内燃机高合金气门座圈,是通过高Cr、Ni、Co、W提高其力学性能、耐磨性和抗腐蚀性,但由于其高温合金含量成本较高,并且长期高温下使用,其硬度较明显下降,造成耐磨性能下降。CN1487175A燃气发动机气门座,为合金铸铁气门座,解决了耐腐蚀问题,但作为摩托车发动机用气门座,是以汽油为燃料,其工作温度、耐冲击性要求较低,无法应用于柴油机等。而粉末烧结方式,需要的合金元素多,工艺复杂,成品率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种耐高温气门座及其生产方法,使用高温寿命可以达到8000h以上,更重要的是合金元素少,成本较低。
本发明的耐高温气门座,公司的牌号命名为T128,为金相组织为回火索氏体,晶粒度≥8级,其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.60-1.0,Si≤1.0,Mn 1.0-1.4, Ni≤0.6,Cr14-18,W 0.8-1.2,V≤0.8,其余为Fe。
较优选的是其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.80-1.0,Si 0.2-0.6,Mn 1.0-1.2,Ni 0.2-0.6,Cr 16-18,W 0.8-1.2,V 0.3-0.8,其余为Fe。
最优选的是其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.9,Si 0.5,Mn 1.2,Ni 0.4,Cr 17,W1.0,V 0.5,其余为Fe。
为了获得所需的金相组织和晶粒度,其生产工艺特别是热处理工艺尤其关键,其生产依次由下述工艺过程构成:冶炼,电渣重熔,锻造,轧钢,冲压成型,粗车端面和内、外径,热处理,机械加工,所述热处理由淬火和回火构成,淬火温度为1000-1100℃,保温时间为30-40min,然后油冷至室温;回火采用两次回火,每次回火温度为450-550℃,保温时间每次4-6h,每次回火后均空冷到室温。
本发明的这种气门座,所含合金元素少,用量低,但室温(28℃)硬度可达到47HRC以上,高温硬度(600℃)达到330HBS以上,在内燃机车上高温使用寿命达8000h以上。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,以助于理解本发明的内容。
实施例T128气门座
为金相组织为回火索氏体,其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.60-1.0,Si≤ 1.0,Mn 1.0-1.4,Ni≤0.6,Cr 14-18,W 0.8-1.2,V≤0.8,其余为Fe。
生产方法为:冶炼、电渣重熔、锻造、轧制成棒材、冲压成型、粗车端面和内径,粗车外径和端面,热处理,粗仿内径,精车外径、端面、定尺,磨两端面,磨外径,精仿内径、端面,倒外角,倒内角,精磨端面,精磨外径。
其中,所述热处理由淬火和两次回火构成,淬火:在高温箱式炉中加热到 1000~1100℃,保温30-40分钟,然后进行油冷至室温。两次回火:采用中温井式电炉,加热到450-550℃,保温4-6h,然后空冷。重复一次。
不同实施例和对比例组份按重量百分比计如下
将实施例1-4和对比例1、2的气门座用电镜进行金相组织检测,分别检测常温 (28℃)和高温(600℃)硬度,以及在以重油作燃料的发动机上连续工作8000h、 10000h磨损情况,结果见下表。
如上表所示,本发明的气门座具有优良的耐高温性能,使用寿命可以达到8000h以上。

Claims (4)

1.一种耐高温气门座,其特征在于,金相组织为回火索氏体,晶粒度≥8级,其化学成分按重量百分比为:C 0.60-1.0,Si≤1.0,Mn 1.0-1.4,Ni≤0.6,Cr 14-18,W 0.8-1.2,V≤0.8,其余为Fe。
2.如权利要求1所述的耐高温气门座,其特征在于:其化学成分按重量百分比为:C0.80-1.0,Si 0.2-0.6,Mn 1.0-1.2,Ni 0.2-0.6,Cr 16-18,W 0.8-1.2,V 0.3-0.8,其余为Fe。
3.如权利要求1所述的耐高温气门座,其特征在于:其化学成分按重量百分比为:C0.9,Si 0.5,Mn 1.2,Ni 0.4,Cr 17,W 1.0,V 0.5,其余为Fe。
4.一种如权利要求1至3中之一所述耐高温气门的生产方法,生产依次由下述工艺过程构成:冶炼,电渣重熔,锻造,轧钢,冲压成型,粗车端面和内、外径,热处理,机械加工,所述热处理由淬火和回火构成,淬火温度为1000-1100℃,保温时间为30-40min,然后油冷至室温;回火采用两次回火,每次回火温度为450-550℃,保温时间每次4-6h,每次回火后均空冷到室温。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JPS5373417A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-06-29 Ricoh Watch Method of making wrist watch band
US5908710A (en) * 1992-04-16 1999-06-01 Creusot Loire Industrie Process for manufacturing a clad sheet which includes an abrasion-resistant layer made of tool steel, and clad sheet obtained
JP2001279393A (ja) * 2000-03-30 2001-10-10 Nippon Koshuha Steel Co Ltd 被研磨性に優れた軸受鋼
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