CN110526644B - Inorganic composite material with low-carbon steel performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Inorganic composite material with low-carbon steel performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic composite material comprises, by weight, 100 parts of cement, 30-40 parts of silica fume, 55-65 parts of fly ash, 90-110 parts of quartz sand, 2-4 parts of a water reducing agent, 22-24 parts of water, 1-3% of short steel fiber volume, and 3-8% of 12-20mm long steel fiber volume, and after vibration molding of mortar, demolding, and curing in water bath at the temperature of 20-90 ℃ for 1-3 days, and curing with saturated steam at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the inorganic composite material. The inorganic composite material has high strength and high toughness similar to low-carbon yield strength, has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, low heat conduction coefficient, electromagnetic insulativity and the like which are not possessed by low-carbon steel, has good fire resistance, maintains the strength at 400 ℃ above 85 percent, can effectively make up the defect of poor fire resistance of carbon steel materials, and can be widely applied to the fields of replacing the prefabricated structure field of low-carbon steel, armor protection penetration-resistant engineering field, nuclear power station engineering and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of concrete materials.
Background
The low-carbon steel has the characteristics of 235-345 MPa of elastic ultimate strength, high shaping and toughness and the like, and is widely applied and developed in steel structure engineering. However, steel materials are easy to rust in a humid environment, especially in a corrosive medium, and the durability of the steel materials in use is seriously influenced. And the steel structure has poor fire resistance, the strength is reduced along with the rise of the temperature, the strength change is small within 250 ℃, the strength is gradually reduced after 300 ℃, and the strength is reduced to zero when the temperature reaches 450-650 ℃. Therefore, a new material is needed to be found, which has both high strength and high toughness of the low-carbon steel structure and corrosion resistance and fire resistance which are not possessed by the low-carbon steel structure.
The corrosion resistance of ordinary low-carbon steel is poor, and corrosion resistance protection is usually performed by measures such as surface galvanization treatment and surface spraying of antirust resin. The surface protection methods have the advantages that the service time of the low-carbon steel component is prolonged, the surface protection layer is gradually corroded and peeled off, and the maintenance and repair cost is high. The common low-carbon steel is corrosion-resistant and aggravated by sunshine and rain and dry-wet circulation in natural environment, such as highway anti-collision guardrails made of common low-carbon steel, high-speed rail sound barrier channel-shaped steel keels, building externally-hung marble light steel keels, public parking lot light steel roof trusses, building city sculpture steel structures and the like, and potential safety hazards are brought.
The active powder (RPC) material has the characteristics of high durability, corrosion resistance, fire resistance and the like, but most of the existing RPC materials prepared by using active mineral admixtures (such as silica fume and quartz powder) are cured naturally or by dry heat, so that the activity of the mineral admixtures in the materials cannot be fully exerted, the compressive strength can only reach 230Mpa of 170-.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inorganic composite material with the compressive strength of more than 300MPa and the breaking strength of close to 100MPa and the performance of low-carbon steel and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
the inorganic composite material with the low-carbon steel performance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 30-40 parts of silica fume, 90-110 parts of quartz sand, 55-65 parts of fly ash, 2-4 parts of a water reducing agent, 22-24 parts of mixing water, 3-8% of long steel fibers in volume fraction and 1-3% of short steel fibers in volume fraction, wherein the cement, the silica fume and the fly ash form a cementing material, and the calcium-silicon ratio of the cementing material is 0.65-0.75.
The cement in the invention is No. 52.5 ordinary portland cement.
The silica fume is amorphous crystalline particles which are grey white, and the content of silicon dioxide is 90-95 wt%.
The fly ash in the invention is I-grade ash D50<8 μm, specific surface area>0.70m2The silicon dioxide content is 40wt% -60 wt%.
The quartz sand in the invention has a particle size range of 16-100 meshes.
The blending water is an ice-water mixture, and the temperature of the blending water is 0 ℃.
The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent.
The diameter of the short steel fiber is 20-40 mu m, and the length of the short steel fiber is 1000-1500 mu m.
The tensile strength of the long steel fiber is greater than 2000MPa, the diameter of the long steel fiber is 0.2mm, and the length of the long steel fiber is 12-20 mm.
The preparation method of the inorganic composite material with the low-carbon steel performance comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring and mixing silica fume, quartz sand and fly ash according to a proportion, adding 30% ice water, stirring to wet the surface of a mineral material, adding cement, the rest ice water and a water reducing agent, stirring to form slurry, finally adding steel fibers, and stirring to obtain mortar;
and 4, placing the sample subjected to water bath curing at 200 +/-2 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure for curing for 12-24 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material with low-carbon steel performance.
Preferably, in the step 1, the stirring and mixing time of the silica fume, the quartz sand and the fly ash is 2-3 min, the stirring time of adding 30% ice water is 2-3 min, and the stirring time after adding the steel fiber is 1-2 min.
Preferably, in the step 2, the vibration time is 3-6 min, and demoulding is carried out after 24 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the fly ash is used as a main raw material, the volcanic ash activity of the fly ash is fully exerted, the preparation cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the recovery and comprehensive utilization of the fly ash are realized.
(2) The calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.65-0.75, the single alkali hydrated calcium silicate is favorably formed, and the single alkali hydrated calcium silicate has higher compressive strength compared with double alkali hydrated calcium silicate, so that the strength of an inorganic composite material product is enhanced.
(3) The mechanical property of the inorganic composite material is improved by utilizing the composite toughening effect of the long and short steel fibers. The 1-2mm short steel fiber can retard the occurrence and development of microcracks in the matrix and can also serve as super-strong aggregate, so that the elastic modulus of the inorganic composite material is improved; the steel fiber with the length of 12-20mm has an anchoring effect, restrains the cracking of the matrix, and improves the toughness and the structural ductility of the matrix.
(4) The ice water with the temperature of 0 ℃ is adopted to absorb the heat released when the cement is hydrated, and the fluidity of the cement mortar is improved.
In conclusion, the inorganic composite material has the compressive strength of 300-400 MPa, the bending strength of 80-110 MPa and the bending deflection of 1.25mm (see the bending load and the midpoint displacement in figure 1), has obvious plasticity, has the strength reaching the performance of low-carbon steel, is suitable for preparing the highway crash barrier, has high strength, high impact toughness and good durability, and has longer stress time and better buffering effect when being impacted because the elastic modulus is lower than that of carbon steel when being impacted, thereby reducing the harm caused by traffic accidents.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of load and displacement variation trend of a three-point bending test piece made of an inorganic composite material, wherein the test piece size is 40 х 40 and 40 х 160 mm; testing conditions, wherein the span is 100 mm; maximum bending load 43.3 KN; the bending strength is 101.5 MPa.
FIG. 2 is a morphology diagram of short steel fibers with a length of 1-2 mm.
FIG. 3 is a topography of a steel fiber with a length of 12-20 mm.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of the inorganic composite material.
Detailed Description
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical scheme that:
(1) the mechanical property of the inorganic composite material is improved by utilizing the volcanic ash effect, the micro-aggregate effect and the super-superposition effect of the fly ash and the silica fume. Due to the unique mineral particle characteristics of the fly ash, the fluidity of the slurry can be greatly improved under the action of the high-efficiency water reducing agent. The 'micro-aggregate effect' of the fly ash is that the independent fly ash particles enter gaps of cement particles to prevent the cement from bonding and facilitate hydration reaction,the densification hydration of the inorganic composite material is enhanced. The fly ash also contains active SiO2And A12O3Once the activity of the gel is excited, the gel can perform secondary hydration reaction with Calcium Hydroxide (CH) generated by cement hydration, thereby consuming CH content, generating C-S-H gel with gelling property and improving the matrix strength. The super-stack effect generated when the fly ash is used with the silica fume, SiO in the silica fume2The fly ash is mainly involved in the later cement secondary hydration reaction due to the slower secondary hydration reaction, so that the later strength of the powder active inorganic composite material is increased.
Tricalcium silicate (C) in ordinary portland cement3S) and dicalcium silicate (C)2S) accounts for more than 75 percent of the total weight, CSH gel and calcium hydroxide are formed when the cement is hydrated, and the reaction formula is as follows:
3CaO·SiO2+nH2O→CaO·xSiO2·yH2O+nCa(OH)2 (1)
2CaO·SiO2+mH2O→CaO·xSiO2·yH2O+mCa(OH)2 (2)
as the hydration reaction proceeds, Calcium Hydroxide (CH) is continuously generated, and the aqueous solution is made to be alkaline ring mirror with the release of heat, and the silica fume particles exposed to the aqueous solution begin to react with CH in the aqueous solution to form CSH gel phase, which is:
Ca+2+2yOH-1+xSiO2 -2→CaO·xSiO2·yH2O(CSH gel) (3)
this contributes greatly to the improvement of the early strength of the inorganic composite material. When steam curing is carried out at 200 ℃ and 1.55MPa of saturated atmospheric pressure, the steam curing promotes the secondary hydration reaction of the material, and the microcrystal structure in the product is improved. In high-temperature hydrothermal medium, due to SiO2Different from the dissolving speed of CaO and the migration speed of products in the solution, therefore, calcium silicate hydrate is firstly generated on the surfaces of sand grains and then expands into spaces among the sand grains during autoclaved curingWith the development of hydrated crystallization, the hydrated crystallization and the crystallization are gradually connected to form a crystallization intergrowth, sand grains are cemented together to form a compact space structure, and the strength of an inorganic composite material product is improved.
The invention utilizes Al in the fly ash2O3With SiO2Forming CaO-Al in the formed silica-alumina glass body under the steam pressure condition2O3～SiO2～H2And the O system generates various mineral gelled substances under high-temperature hydration reaction, and finally forms the most compact microcrystalline structure. From the crystal microstructure, the highest strength cannot be obtained by a hydrate alone, and the inorganic composite material consisting of the multi-mineral microcrystals is the best microcrystallite structure. Utilizing active Al in fly ash2O3Water garnet (C) having a large crystallization ability is easily formed at a saturated vapor pressure of 200 deg.C3ASnH6-2n) The strength is increased after carbonization or dry-wet circulation, the defect of insufficient strength reduction after carbonization of the single alkali carbide can be overcome, and the frost resistance of the product can be improved, so that the durability of the product is improved.
(2) The expansion of the steel fiber constrained inorganic composite matrix results from the self-stress constrained reinforcement.
The inorganic composite material is naturally cured to generate a hydration product with CSH gel as a main component, and the tobermorite phase as a main hydration product is formed during autoclaved curing. A number of studies have shown CSH gel densities in the range of 2.60 to 2.86 (see Table 1) (Jeffrey J.Thomas, Hamlin M.Jennings, and Andrew J.Allen.relationships between better than the prior art2～H2O[J]J.Phys.chem.C 2010,114: 7594-7601), the CSH gel formed by hydration of cement reacts with the CSH gel formed by reaction of Calcium Hydroxide (CH) silica fume to form tobermorite under autoclave curing conditions, the reaction formula of which is as follows:
CSH gel+Ca+2+OH-1+SiO2 -2→5CaO·6SiO2·5H2O (4)
because the density of the CSH gel is larger than that of the tobermorite phase, the transformation of the tobermorite from high density to low density in the autoclaved stage causes the volume to increase and generates the expansion. Constraining expansion, limiting free expansion will produce a constraining stress. According to the invention, the micro-expansion generated during the transformation of the internal cementing material is inhibited by adopting the large-dosage steel fiber, so that the self-stress is formed in the inorganic composite material, and the mechanical property of the inorganic composite material is improved.
TABLE 1 Density data for C-S-H phases
The strength of the inorganic composite material is mainly generated under the combined action of cement hydration reaction, silica fume, flyash and volcanic ash activity and the like. The silica fume has good volcanic ash activity at normal temperature, and participates in secondary hydration reaction during bath culture of a sample at 20-90 ℃, so that the product has high strength in the early stage, and the expansion or contraction of the inorganic composite material in the early stage can be effectively inhibited. When the sample is cured at 200 ℃ and 1.55MPa of saturated vapor pressure, the volcanic ash activity of each component mineral material is fully exerted, and the CSH gel is formed by hydration. Ca in solution under hydrothermal conditions+2、Si+4、OH-1The plasma concentration reaches supersaturation to separate out Tobermorite crystal; this high density (2.60 g/cm)3) CSH gel phase direction low density (2.48 g/cm) with high calcium-silicon ratio3) When Tobermorite (TOB) with a low calcium-silicon ratio is converted, the sample undergoes a slight volume expansion. Under the condition of low water-gel ratio, the CSH gel after hot water bath curing has high strength, and the growth of Toberlite (TOB) is restricted by a crystallization space, so that the inorganic composite material has a compact structure and few macroscopic defects, and the most probable pore distribution is less than 10 nm.
(3) The short steel fiber and the long steel fiber are used for synergistically compounding a toughening and reinforcing mechanism to the inorganic composite material matrix. Short steel fibers (diameter of 0.05-0.1 mm) and copper-plated steel fibers (diameter of 0.2mm) with the lengths of 1-2mm and 12-20mm are selected as reinforcing phases respectively, as shown in figures 2 and 3.
The long and short steel fiber blended synergistic enhancement toughening has three functions: the length of the short steel fiber is 1-2mm, and the short steel fiber is easily and uniformly distributed in an inorganic composite material matrix in the process of mixing the mixture. Under the condition of the same volume addition amount of the steel fibers, the number of the short steel fibers is multiplied, so that the expansion of micro cracks in the inorganic composite material is effectively hindered, the generation and the development of macro cracks are retarded, the crack resistance of a matrix is improved, and the stress concentration at the tips of the cracks can be relaxed; secondly, the short steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the inorganic composite material matrix as high-elasticity-modulus aggregates, so that the elasticity modulus of the inorganic composite material can be improved; and thirdly, adding 12-20mm steel fibers to improve the toughness and structural ductility of the inorganic composite material. The failure form of the steel fiber in the inorganic composite material is that the steel fiber is pulled out, CSH gel generated in the steam-pressing process is converted to tobermorite phase to generate volume expansion, the expansion of the matrix has an extrusion effect on the steel fiber, the anchoring property of the steel fiber and the matrix is improved, meanwhile, the steel fiber generates self-stress for the expansion constraint of the inorganic composite material, and the steel fiber restrains the matrix to inhibit the cracking of the matrix. Therefore, the short steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the matrix to block crack expansion, and the mechanical property of the inorganic composite material is improved under the combined action of matrix expansion and steel fiber constraint.
(4) The inorganic composite material system is designed to have a low calcium-silicon ratio, and is favorable for forming single alkali water calcium silicate. The calcium silicate monohydrate is higher in compressive strength than the calcium silicate dihydrate, thereby enhancing the strength of the inorganic composite product. The crystal size of the calcium silicate monohydrate is small, the specific surface area is large, the produced crystal intergrowth has many contact points and is high in strength, and the intergrowth formed by coarse crystals of the calcium silicate dihydrate with double alkalis has greatly reduced contact points compared with the calcium silicate monohydrate, so that the strength of the formed product is relatively low.
(5) The cement hydration heat is high, and the accelerated cement hydration by the exothermic reaction is the main reason of reducing the fluidity of cement mortar. The water mixture is used, and the mixing water at 0 ℃ is added, so that the hydration rate of the cement in the early stage of hydration can be effectively reduced, the heat released by cement hydration can be absorbed, and the fluidity of cement mortar can be improved.
Example 1
The raw materials in this example were: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.3:0.62:0.03:0.24:1.1, calcium-silicon ratio 0.75, long steel fiber volume ratio 7%, short steel fiber 1%.
Firstly, 671.5g of quartz sand, 183.2g of silica fume and 378.5g of fly ash are placed into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 44.0g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the residual 102.6g of ice water with 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the residual ice water into a stirring pot, stirring the mixture for 6-10 min, adding 420g of long steel fibers and 60g of short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at the temperature of 80 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial compressive strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 24 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 390.0MPa, the flexural strength is 103.4MPa, and the inorganic composite material is the inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
Example 2
The raw materials in this example were: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.35: 0.60: 0.04:0.23:1.0, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.72, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 4 percent, and the short steel fiber is 2 percent.
Firstly, 630g of quartz sand, 220.5g of silica fume and 378g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 43.5g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. And uniformly mixing the residual 101.4g of ice water with 25.2g of water reducing agent, sequentially putting 630g of cement and the residual ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 240g of long steel fibers and 120g of short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 1 day, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial compressive strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 18 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 326.8MPa, the flexural strength of the inorganic composite material is 87.2MPa, and the inorganic composite material is an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
Example 3
The raw materials in this example were: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.3:0.62:0.03:0.24:1.1, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.75, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 5 percent, and the short steel fiber is 2 percent.
Firstly, 671.5g of quartz sand, 183.2g of silica fume and 378.5g of fly ash are placed into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 44.0g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the rest 102.6g of ice water with 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the rest of ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 300g of long steel fibers and 120g of short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 50 ℃ for curing for 3 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial compressive strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 18 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 355.6MPa, the flexural strength of the inorganic composite material is 93.7MPa, and the inorganic composite material is an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
Example 4
The raw materials in this example were: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.55: 0.04:0.24:0.9, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.73, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 8 percent, and the short steel fiber is 1 percent.
Firstly, 594g of quartz sand, 264g of silica fume and 363g of fly ash are placed into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 47.5g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and stirring is carried out for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the rest 110.8g of ice water and 26.4g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 660g of cement and the rest ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 480g of long steel fibers and 60g of short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 3 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 24 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 407.5MPa, the flexural strength of the inorganic composite material is 108.5MPa, and the inorganic composite material is an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
Example 5
The raw materials in this example were: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.65: 0.03:0.23:1.1, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.68, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 3 percent, and the short steel fiber is 3 percent.
Firstly, 671.6g of quartz sand, 244.2g of silica fume and 396.8g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 42.1g of ice water wetting mineral material is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the rest 98.3g of ice water with 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the rest of ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of long steel fibers and 180g of short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 335.5MPa, the flexural strength of the inorganic composite material is 80.4MPa, and the inorganic composite material is an inorganic composite material with low carbon steel performance.
Table 2 example data summary
Injecting: the steel fiber addition is volume addition.
In the following, 6 pairs of ratios were designed based on example 5, and the short steel fibers were too long, only the short steel fibers were added, only the steel fibers were added, the Ca/Si ratio was too low, the Ca/Si ratio was too high, and water mixed at room temperature (30 ℃ C.) was used for comparison.
Comparative example 1: the short steel fibers are too long.
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.65: 0.03:0.24:1.1, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.68, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 3 percent, and the volume ratio of the 5mm short steel fiber is 3 percent.
Firstly, 671.6g of quartz sand, 244.2g of silica fume and 396.8g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 44.0g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the residual 102.6g of ice water with 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the residual ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of copper-plated long steel fibers and 180g of 5mm short steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the toughened inorganic composite material.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 205.3MPa, the flexural strength is 49.3MPa, and the inorganic composite material does not have the performance of low-carbon steel.
Comparative example 2: only short steel fibres
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.65: 0.03:0.23:1.2, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.68, and the short steel fiber diameter is 1-1.5 mm and is 3%.
Firstly, 732.6g of quartz sand, 244.2g of silica fume and 396.8g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 42.1g of ice water wetting mineral material is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the residual 98.3g of ice water and 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the residual ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of short steel fibers of 1-1.5 mm after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 218.4MPa, the breaking strength is 32.5MPa, and the inorganic composite material does not have the performance of low-carbon steel.
Comparative example 3: lengthening steel fibres only
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.65: 0.04:0.24:1.5, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.68, and the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 3 percent.
Firstly, 786.7g of quartz sand, 209.1g of silica fume and 340.9g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 37.8g of ice water wetting mineral material is added when the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the rest 88.1g of ice water with 21.0g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 524.5g of cement and the rest of ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of long steel fibers after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 200.9MPa, the flexural strength is 65.4MPa, and the inorganic composite material does not have the performance of low-carbon steel.
Comparative example 4: low ratio of Ca to Si
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: the quartz sand accounts for 1:0:2.0:0.04:0.26:1.5, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.53, the volume ratio of the long steel fiber is 3%, and the volume ratio of the short steel fiber is 3% and is 1-1.5 mm.
Firstly, 620.7g of quartz sand and 827.6g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 32.3g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the remaining 75.3g of ice water with 16.6g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 413.7g of cement and the remaining ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of long steel fibers and 180g of short steel fibers of 1-1.5 mm after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 148.8MPa, the breaking strength is 35.4MPa, and the inorganic composite material does not have low-carbon steel performance.
Comparative example 5: too high calcium-silicon ratio
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.20: 0.03:0.23:0.7, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 1.28, the volume ratio of the long steel fibers is 3%, and the volume ratio of the short steel fibers is 3% and is 1-1.5 mm.
Firstly, 611.9g of quartz sand, 174.8g of silica fume and 174.8g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 60.3g of ice water wetting mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the rest 140.7g of ice water with 26.2g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 874.1g of cement and the rest of ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of long steel fibers and 180g of short steel fibers with the length of 1-1.5 mm after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 204.1MPa, the breaking strength is 42.8MPa, and the inorganic composite material does not have the performance of low-carbon steel.
Comparative example 6: normal temperature water
The comparative example had the following raw material composition: cement: silica fume: fly ash: water reducing agent: water: quartz sand 1:0.40: 0.65: 0.03:0.20:1.1, the calcium-silicon ratio is controlled to be 0.68, the volume ratio of the long steel fibers is 3%, the volume ratio of the short steel fibers with the length of 1-1.5 mm is 3%, and the water is normal-temperature water at the temperature of 30 ℃.
Firstly, 671.6g of quartz sand, 244.2g of silica fume and 396.8g of fly ash are put into a stirrer to be stirred for 2-3 min, 36.6g of water-wet mineral material (30%) is added after the mixture is stirred uniformly, and the mixture is stirred for 2-3 min. Uniformly mixing the residual 85.5g of water and 18.3g of water reducing agent, sequentially placing 610.5g of cement and the residual ice water into a stirring pot, stirring for 6-10 min, adding 180g of long steel fibers and 180g of short steel fibers with the length of 1-1.5 mm after the materials form slurry, and stirring for 1-2 min until the steel fibers are uniformly distributed in the cement mortar.
And secondly, placing the composite mortar obtained in the first step into a 40 × 160mm triple die, vibrating for 3-6 min by adopting a vibration forming method to ensure that the slurry is uniformly spread and formed in the die, scraping the surface, covering with a preservative film, standing in a 20 +/-2 ℃ curing environment, standing for 24 hours, and then demolding.
And thirdly, putting the inorganic composite material prepared in the second step into water at 90 ℃ for curing for 2 days, and during the curing, partial pre-reaction of calcium oxide and silicon dioxide occurs to generate calcium silicate hydrate and enable the sample to have good initial strength.
And fourthly, feeding the sample subjected to water bath curing into a still kettle, curing for 12 hours at 200 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the steel fiber toughening inorganic composite material with the low-carbon steel performance.
And fifthly, performing mechanical property test on the inorganic composite material according to cement mortar strength test method (ISO method) (GB/T17671-1999), wherein the compressive strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 217.3MPa, and the flexural strength of the prepared inorganic composite material is 44.2 MPa. The proportion has higher hydration speed of cement due to higher temperature of normal temperature mixing water, so that slurry is condensed while being stirred; when pouring, because the fluidity is poor, pores are easily formed in the product, and the product performance is poor, so the product does not have the performance of low-carbon steel.
Claims (6)
1. The inorganic composite material with the low-carbon steel performance is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 30-40 parts of silica fume, 90-110 parts of quartz sand, 55-65 parts of fly ash, 2-4 parts of a water reducing agent, 22-24 parts of mixing water, 3-8% of long steel fibers in volume fraction and 1-3% of short steel fibers in volume fraction, wherein the cement, the silica fume and the fly ash form a cementing material, and the calcium-silicon ratio of the cementing material is 0.65-0.75; the silica fume is amorphous crystalline particles, and the content of silica is 90-95 wt%; the fly ash is grade I ash D50<8 μm, specific surface area>0.70m2The silicon dioxide content is 40-60 wt%; the particle size range of the quartz sand is 16-100 meshes; the mixing water is an ice-water mixture, and the temperature of the mixing water is 0 ℃; the diameter of the short steel fiber is 20-40 μm, and the length of the short steel fiber is 1000-1500 μm; the tensile strength of the long steel fiber is greater than 2000MPa, the diameter of the long steel fiber is 0.2mm, and the length of the long steel fiber is 12-20 mm.
2. The inorganic composite material of claim 1, wherein the cement is Portland cement number 52.5.
3. The inorganic composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid-based superplasticizer.
4. The method for preparing the inorganic composite material with the low carbon steel performance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, uniformly stirring and mixing silica fume, quartz sand and fly ash according to a proportion, adding 30% ice water, stirring to wet the surface of a mineral material, adding cement, the rest ice water and a water reducing agent, stirring to form slurry, finally adding steel fibers, and stirring to obtain mortar;
step 2, placing the mortar into a mold, performing vibration molding, covering a preservative film, standing in a curing environment at 20 +/-2 ℃, and demolding;
step 3, placing the demoulded sample in water at the temperature of 50-90 ℃, and carrying out water bath maintenance for 1-3 days;
and 4, placing the sample subjected to water bath curing at 200 +/-2 ℃ under saturated vapor pressure for curing for 12-24 h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the inorganic composite material with low-carbon steel performance.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 1, the silica fume, the quartz sand and the fly ash are stirred and mixed for 2-3 min, 30% ice water is added for stirring for 2-3 min, and the stirring time after the steel fiber is added is 1-2 min.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step 2, the vibration time is 3-6 min, and the mold is removed after 24 h.
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| US4979992A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1990-12-25 | Aktieselskabetarlborg Portland-Cement-Fabrik | Compact reinforced composite |
| CN105948660A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-21 | 同济大学 | High-strength ultra-high-toughness concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN107285707A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of very-high performance fiber concrete of C220 strength grades containing coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108046824A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-05-18 | 南京理工大学 | High-strength silicate haydite of maintenance and preparation method thereof in steel fibre toughening |
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| US4979992A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1990-12-25 | Aktieselskabetarlborg Portland-Cement-Fabrik | Compact reinforced composite |
| CN105948660A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2016-09-21 | 同济大学 | High-strength ultra-high-toughness concrete and preparation method thereof |
| CN107285707A (en) * | 2017-08-16 | 2017-10-24 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of very-high performance fiber concrete of C220 strength grades containing coarse aggregate and preparation method thereof |
| CN108046824A (en) * | 2018-01-20 | 2018-05-18 | 南京理工大学 | High-strength silicate haydite of maintenance and preparation method thereof in steel fibre toughening |
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