CN110525268A - 电源装置 - Google Patents

电源装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110525268A
CN110525268A CN201910413518.0A CN201910413518A CN110525268A CN 110525268 A CN110525268 A CN 110525268A CN 201910413518 A CN201910413518 A CN 201910413518A CN 110525268 A CN110525268 A CN 110525268A
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voltage
battery
tension battery
low
power system
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光谷典丈
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
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    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14—Preventing excessive discharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/34—Cabin temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/61—Arrangements of controllers for electric machines, e.g. inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电源装置，其具备：高压电力***，其包含高压电池；低压电力***，其包含输出电压低于高压电池的低压电池；DC‑DC变换器，其将来自高压电池的输出电压降压后供给至低压电力***；以及控制部，其基于表示来自低压电力***的请求及高压电池的充放电电力的信息，控制由DC‑DC变换器向低压电力***的供给电压。

Description

电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种搭载于车辆等上的电源装置。
背景技术
在车辆等中，采用具备高压电池(主电池)和输出电压低于高压电池的低压电池(辅助电池)的电源装置。高压电池和低压电池通过DC-DC变换器连接。在DC-DC变换器的高压侧设置有高压电池和电动机/发电机(MG)等，构成高压电力***。另外，在DC-DC变换器的低压侧设置有低压电池和空调、音响等辅助设备，构成低压电力***。高压电池的输出电压通过DC-DC变换器降压后供给至低压电力***，能够利用高压电池的输出电力进行低压电池的充电。
专利文献1(日本特开2012-10503号公报)公开了下述内容，即：在将来自高压电池的电压利用DC-DC变换器降压后为低压电池充电时，通过控制为DC-DC变换器的输出电压在充电后低于充电时，从而能够在快速进行充电的同时抑制充电后的DC-DC变换器的功耗。
专利文献2(日本特开2015-77036号公报)公开了下述内容，即：通过当点火开关断开时，在从高压电池经由DC-DC变换器向低压电池充电时，断开从高压电池向DC-DC变换器以外的其他设备的高压供给，从而抑制其他设备中不必要施加高压的情况。
在利用高压电池的输出电力进行低压电池的充电的情况下，如果高压电池的蓄电量(SOC)降低，则在没有连接发电机这样的其他电力供给源的情况下、或者在来自其他电力供给源的电力供给量较少的情况下，有可能高压电池成为过放电状态，导致品质劣化、寿命缩短。
发明内容
本发明就是鉴于上述课题而提出的，其目的在于提供一种能够通过适宜地进行高压电池及低压电池的电力分配而抑制电池的品质劣化的电源装置。
为了解决上述课题，本发明的一个方面为一种电源装置，其具备：高压电力***，其包含高压电池；低压电力***，其包含输出电压低于高压电池的低压电池；DC-DC变换器，其将来自高压电池的输出电压降压后供给至低压电力***；以及控制部，其基于表示来自低压电力***的请求及高压电池的充放电电力的信息，控制由DC-DC变换器向低压电力***的供给电压。
由此，由于能够基于高压电池的状态控制从高压电池向低压电力***的电力供给，因此能够抑制高压电池的品质劣化。
另外，控制部也可以进行反馈控制，该反馈控制以高压电池的充放电电力或电流落在规定范围内作为控制目标。
由此，能够适宜地进行供给电压的控制。
另外，控制部也可以使得向低压电力***供给的供给电压落在规定范围内这一情况优先于实现控制目标。
由此，能够特别适宜地抑制低压电池的品质劣化。
[发明的效果]
如上所述，根据本发明，由于在低压电力***的电力需求之外还基于高压电池的充放电电力控制至DC-DC变换器的电压指令值，因此，能够兼顾抑制高压电池的品质劣化而适宜地进行从高压电池向低压电力***的电力分配。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的电源装置的功能框图。
图2是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的高压电池的电力及电压指令值随时间变化的一个例子的图。
图3是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的高压电池的输出电力及低压电池的蓄电量随时间变化的一个例子的图。
图4是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的高压电池的蓄电量及低压电池的蓄电量随时间变化的一个例子的图。
图5是示出本发明的一个实施方式所涉及的高压电池被充电的充电电力以及高压电池的蓄电量之间的关系的一个例子的图。
具体实施方式
(概要)
本发明所涉及的电源装置具备高压电池和低压电池，DC-DC变换器将高压电池侧的电压降压后供给至低压电池侧。控制部除了低压电力***的电力需求之外还基于高压电池的充放电电力控制至DC-DC变换器的电压指令值。
(实施方式)
以下，参照附图对本发明的一个实施方式进行详细说明。
<构成>
图1示出了本实施方式中的电源装置10的功能框图。电源装置10搭载于车辆上，包括高压电池11(主电池)、以及输出电压低于高压电池11的低压电池12(辅助电池)。高压电池11和低压电池12经由DC-DC变换器13连接。从DC/DC变换器13位置观察的高压电池11侧为高压电力***，连接有电动机/发电机(MG)20等高压***的负载以及发电机、或充电器等。另外，从DC/DC变换器13位置观察的低压电池12侧为低压电力***，连接有空调、音响等辅助设备30。高压电力***的电压能够通过DC/DC变换器13降压后供给至低压电力***，能够利用高压电池11的输出电力进行低压电池12的充电或驱动辅助设备30。
控制部14获取高压电池11的电压、电流等的各种状态、以及低压电池12的电压、电流等的各种状态，作为电压指令值而确定从DC-DC变换器13向低压电力***供给的电压，并向DC-DC变换器13输出。DC-DC变换器13根据电压指令值输出至低压电力***的供给电压。
<处理>
以下说明本实施方式所涉及的电源装置10的控制部14执行的处理的一个例子。图2是示出将高压电池11的放电(输出)作为正向的、放电或充电(输入)的电力、以及控制部14输出的电压指令值随时间变化的一个例子的图。
控制部14获取低压电池12的状态。低压电池12的状态是指电压、电流、温度等通过传感器获取到的一个以上的测定值、或者基于上述测定值计算出的蓄电量等。另外，控制部14还能够从辅助设备30、或未图示的对辅助设备30进行控制的其他设备获取辅助设备30所请求的电力。控制部14基于上述信息确定从高压电池11接受供给的电力，并与此对应地确定电压指令值的基准值。也就是说，该基准值是根据当前的低压电池12的充放电状态和低压电力***的电力需求而确定的。此外，在电压指令值高于规定的上限值V1的情况下、以及低于规定的下限值V2的情况下，低压电池12有可能过充电或过放电，因此，将基准值确定在规定的电压范围内、即下限值V2以上而上限值V1以下的范围内。
在本实施方式中，控制部14与高压电池11的充放电电力对应地校正上述基准值。控制部14能够基于高压电池11的电压、电流、温度等通过传感器获取到的一个以上的测定值计算出充放电电力。
控制部14以使得高压电池11的充放电电力处于能够抑制高压电池11的品质劣化的规定的电力范围内、即规定的下限值W2以上而规定的上限值W1以下的范围内作为目标，校正基准值。上述校正能够通过例如PI控制这样的反馈控制适宜地进行。
参照图2说明控制的例子。在期间T0内，高压电池11的充放电电力处在规定的电力范围内，控制部14将基准值作为电压指令值，不进行校正。
在期间T1内，如果高压电池11的充放电电力大于上限值W1，则控制部14进行使基准值变小的校正，将校正后的值作为电压指令值。在这里，校正后的电压指令值也可以如期间T2所示，与高压电池11的充放电电力无关地只要不小于下限值V2即可。这一控制在低压电池12具有与高压电池11相比更容易由于过放电或过充电而发生品质劣化的特性时优选。在期间T3内，如果高压电池11的充放电电力下降至规定的电力范围内，则控制部14追随该情况而将电压指令值逐渐恢复至基准值。
在期间T4内，如果高压电池11的充放电电力小于下限值W2，则控制部14将对基准值进行校正使其增加后得到的值作为电压指令值。在这里，校正后的电压指令值也可以如期间T5所示，与高压电池11的充放电电力无关地只要不大于上限值V1即可。这一控制与上述相同地，在低压电池12具有与高压电池11相比更容易品质劣化的特性时优选。在期间T6内，如果高压电池11的充放电电力上升至规定的电力范围内，则控制部14追随该情况而将电压指令值逐渐恢复至基准值。
此外，上述的高压电池11的充放电电力的上限值W1、下限值W2、以及电压指令值的基准值及其上限值V1、下限值V2，能够与实际MG 20和辅助设备30等的负载状态、高压电池11和低压电池12的温度及特性随时间的变化等对应地变动。
如上所述，在本实施方式中，控制部14除了低压电力***的电力需求之外还基于高压电池11的充放电电力确定至DC-DC变换器13的电压指令值。由此，能够在可抑制高压电池11的品质劣化的范围内进行从高压电池11向低压电力***的电力供给。
<应用例1>
图3是示出在电源装置1中将高压电池11的输出电力经由DC-DC变换器13供给至低压电池12而对低压电池12充电的情况下，高压电池11的输出电力及低压电池12的蓄电量随时间变化的一个例子的图。实线表示应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正而限制了高压电池11的输出电力的上升的情况，虚线表示没有应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况。
如图3的实线所示，在应用了本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况下，高压电池11的输出电力没有超出上限值，抑制了品质劣化的可能。与此相对地，如虚线所示，在没有应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况下，仅基于根据低压电池12的蓄电量等确定的充电请求而将电压指令值设定得过大，高压电池11的输出电力超出上限值，存在品质劣化的可能性。
<应用例2>
图4是示出在电源装置1中将高压电力***与充电器连接而从外部供给电力的情况下，高压电池11的蓄电量及低压电池12的蓄电量随时间变化的一个例子的图。实线表示应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正而抑制了高压电池11的输出电力的情况，虚线表示没有应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况。
如图4的实线所示，在应用了本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况下，抑制了高压电池11的放电。由此，高压电池11的电力无需与从外部供给的电力一起用于低压电池12的充电，高压电池11的蓄电量不会小于下限值，抑制了品质劣化的可能性。上述情况下的至高压电池11的充电电力与高压电池11的蓄电量的关系的例子在图5中示出。如图5所示，当高压电池11的蓄电量较低时，能够增加对高压电池11的充电电力从而抑制蓄电量降低。与此相对地，如虚线所示，在没有应用本实施方式所涉及的对电压指令值的校正的情况下，仅基于根据低压电池12的蓄电量等确定的充电请求而将电压指令值设定得过大，高压电池11的电力与从外部供给的电力一起被用于低压电池12的充电，有可能高压电池11的蓄电量小于下限值从而导致品质劣化。此外，在利用充电器从外部进行充电时，也考虑采用与DC-DC变换器13并联设置的单独的充电用DC-DC变换器的构成。在此情况下，充电用DC-DC变换器也能够进行同样的控制。
(效果)
如上所述，根据本发明，控制部14除了低压电力***的电力需求之外还基于高压电池11的充放电电力控制至DC-DC变换器13的电压指令值。由此，能够在可抑制高压电池11的品质劣化的范围内进行从高压电池11向低压电力***的电力供给，能够进行适宜的电力分配。另外，本发明由于能够抑制电压指令值成为较大的值，因此也能够抑制DC-DC变换器的过热，例如应用于停车升温后的过热抑制控制。此外，在上述实施方式中，说明了使高压电池11的充放电电力落在规定范围内的控制例子，但是，也可以进行使高压电池11的电流或SOC等其他状态量落在规定范围内的控制。另外，控制的方法并不限于上述反馈控制，也可以使用其他方法。
此外，本发明不应仅被理解为一种电源装置，也可以被理解为电源装置具备的计算机执行的方法、程序、以及存储有程序的计算机可读取的非易失性存储介质、或搭载有电源装置的车辆。
本发明可用于搭载于车辆等上的电源装置。

Claims (3)

1.一种电源装置，其具备：
高压电力***，其包含高压电池；
低压电力***，其包含输出电压低于所述高压电池的低压电池；
DC-DC变换器，其将来自所述高压电池的输出电压降压后供给至所述低压电力***；以及
控制部，其基于表示来自所述低压电力***的请求及所述高压电池的充放电电力的信息，控制由所述DC-DC变换器向所述低压电力***的供给电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源装置，其中，
所述控制部也可以进行反馈控制，该反馈控制以所述高压电池的充放电电力或电流落在规定范围内作为控制目标。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电源装置，其中，
所述控制部也可以使得向所述低压电力***供给的供给电压落在规定范围内这一情况优先于实现所述控制目标。
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