CN110525219A - A kind of detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and protective device and its method of electric car - Google Patents
A kind of detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and protective device and its method of electric car Download PDFInfo
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- CN110525219A CN110525219A CN201910831682.3A CN201910831682A CN110525219A CN 110525219 A CN110525219 A CN 110525219A CN 201910831682 A CN201910831682 A CN 201910831682A CN 110525219 A CN110525219 A CN 110525219A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and protective device and its method of electric car.It is related to electric car fault detection and field of safety protection.The device mainly includes microcontroller, temperature sensing circuit, voltage detecting circuit, thermal runaway protection circuit, local area network transceiver and thermal runaway protection boards; cooperate battery management system, total positive relay, total negative relay and the vehicle-mounted data terminal of electric car; by using special control method and safeguard measure; it can take safeguard measure to battery pack in time there are alarm immediately when thermal runaway risk and after thermal runaway phenomenon generation in power battery pack, to reduce accident risk and reduce equipment loss.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric car fault detection and field of safety protection, espespecially a kind of power battery pack of electric car
Thermal runaway detection and protective device and its method.
Background technique
Due to the electric car of the longer course continuation mileage of the market demand, this will lead to matched power battery pack energy density and gets over
Come higher.And the battery that energy density is higher, chemical stability are poorer, temperature heat history when work is more, if
The pile cooling heat dissipation problem, just easily reaches thermal runaway.Once such case occurs, people will be directly threatened
On the one hand body safety will cause power if preceding real-time detection and after occurring reply in time cannot occur in thermal runaway phenomenon
The loss of battery pack, on the other hand as battery pack leakage or more serious problem bring danger to driver and conductor.Therefore,
Electric car need it is a kind of can real-time detection power battery pack thermal runaway state equipment, and also need can be to thermal runaway for this equipment
Battery pack do further protection.Meanwhile the outstanding detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and guard method is also that evaluation is a
The most important index of electric car safety.
Existing power battery pack thermal runaway detection method has two classes.One kind be with alarm based on, such as: battery unit it
Between the fuse that prevents thermal runaway of series connection one, or by one thermal runaway determining device of software design, these methods are ok
Fault warning is done when thermal runaway occurs；Another kind of is to aim at prevention, such as: enhancing pile cooling heat-sinking capability is gone
Reduce the probability for battery pack thermal runaway occur.But these methods have disadvantage: class of alarming can only thermal runaway occur when,
It can be carried out alarm, and the time at this time leaving the escape of the driver and conductor on vehicle for is few；And prevent class, it cannot be very
Prevention thermal runaway does not occur completely, as long as there have probability to occur to be primary, so that it may cause huge harm to the driver and conductor on vehicle.Cause
This, these methods are unfavorable for reducing the security risk of driving, are also unfavorable for the popularization of entire electric car industry.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, it is a primary object of the present invention to propose a kind of power battery pack detecting of electric car and guarantor
A kind of warning of the power battery pack thermal runaway risk of protection unit and electric car and guard method, so that related personnel can have
The enough reply time, and it is avoided that the harm that thermal runaway phenomenon generates occurs.
Technical solution provided by the invention essentially consists in thus: a kind of detection of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway and protecting
The electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway risk method for warming of protection unit and the application device and guard method,
A kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway detection of the invention and protective device, including microcontroller, temperature detection
Circuit, voltage detecting circuit, thermal runaway protection circuit, local area network transceiver and thermal runaway protection board, cooperate the electricity of electric car
Pond management system, total positive relay, total negative relay and vehicle-mounted data terminal, also disclose corresponding special control method and guarantor
Shield measure.
Wherein, the core of the device is microcontroller, D/A converter module there are two it, a jointing temp detection circuit,
Another connects voltage detecting circuit, and there are one universal input and output module (GPIO modules) to connect thermal runaway protection circuit, in addition
Local area network transceiver is also connect by communication module and battery management system carries out information exchange.
Temperature sensing circuit is mainly by Current Limiting Diodes, pull-up divider resistance, drop-down divider resistance, temperature sensor group
At, temperature sensor is the thermistor for varying with temperature and generating variation, when the temperature varies, thermistor resistance
Value changes, and under the action of pulling up divider resistance and drop-down divider resistance, inputs in the D/A converter module 1 of microcontroller
For different voltage values as temperature signal, Current Limiting Diodes, which are used to limit sense of current, prevents circuit adverse current.
Voltage detecting circuit is mainly made of Current Limiting Diodes, fuse and voltage sensor, and Current Limiting Diodes are used to limit
Sense of current processed, fuse are to generate excess to microcontroller when preventing power battery pack thermal runaway from leading to circuit overloads
Rush of current, voltage sensor can directly measure the voltage value of battery, and input to the D/A converter module 2 of microcontroller.
Thermal runaway state detection circuit is mainly made of metal fusible link, pull-up resistor, pull down resistor.Metal fusible link is adopted
It is made of low-melting-point metal, under normal circumstances, metal fusible link plays the role of conductor, can be by control circuit power supply through upper
The high level signal that pull-up resistor generates, is transmitted to the universal input and output module of microcontroller.After thermal runaway occurs, high temperature makes
The channel of the fusing of metal fusible link, control power supply to microcontroller disconnects, the pull down resistor outside universal input and output module, meeting
To the module input low level signal.
Control method used by device is mainly that microcontroller is examined by two D/A converter modules from temperature and voltage
Temperature and voltage signal are read in slowdown monitoring circuit, converts signals into specific value, after the processing and comparison of numerical value, such as
Fruit judges power battery pack, and there are thermal runaway risks, thermal runaway pre-warning signal are just sent to battery management system, by cell tube
Reason system further sends warning message.
Safeguard measure used by device is pacified on the thermal runaway protection board mainly on the inside of power battery pack box cover
Metal fusible link equipped with thermal runaway protection circuit, after thermal runaway phenomenon generation, thermal runaway protection plate temperature is risen rapidly,
Metal fusible link thereon will fuse at high temperature, and one side microcontroller exports mould by the universal input of connection protection circuit
Block obtains thermal runaway signal, by the way that thermal runaway signal is sent to battery management system after repeatedly determining, thus interconnection its
It partially takes further protection measure；The fusing of another side metal fusible link has directly been cut off between relay and control power supply
Circuit, relay therefore power loss, to further be disconnected the driving circuit of power battery pack, thus avoid circuit overloads and
Electric leakage accident occurs.
The invention has the benefit that
Device can be with the temperature and voltage condition of real-time detection power battery pack, and data that voluntarily processing detection arrives, judgement
Battery pack whether there is thermal runaway risk, alarm in time to driver and conductor when judging risky, than generally occurring in thermal runaway
More reply times will be reserved to driver and conductor by the device that feedback device is alarmed afterwards, and also do not need department usually and multiply people
Member checks that instrument artificially judges battery pack working condition.
In addition to this, if after thermal runaway risk alarm, driver and conductor can not exclude risk in time, eventually lead to hot mistake
Control phenomenon still occurs, and block system relay circuit, relay circuit power loss disconnect main circuit to device rapidly on one side, prevents electric leakage from drawing
Serious accident is sent out, another side repeatedly determines requires driver and conductor to take further protection measure after preventing erroneous judgement, can be orderly
Take emergent management measure and subsequent processing measure.
Whereby, the present invention discloses the detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and guard method of a kind of electric car, it is first passed through
Thermal runaway detection circuit predicts power battery pack thermal runaway development trend, sends battery state information to driver and conductor in real time,
Circuit and protection board are protected by thermal runaway again, after thermal runaway generation, measure is provided safeguard, when striving for escape for driver and conductor
Between.The traditional thermal runaway correlation technique of its effective solution, or the prevention of thermal runaway can only be done, it is incompetent after thermal runaway appearance
The problem of for power；Or the problem of can only alarming after thermal runaway generation, safeguard protection cannot be carried out to driver and conductor.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and protective device structural block diagram of electric car；
Fig. 2 is the detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and the protective device circuit diagram of electric car.
1 first D/A converter module, 2 second D/A converter module
Bms battery management system E1 diode
R3 pulls up divider resistance R4 and pulls down divider resistance
E1, E2 Current Limiting Diodes F1 fuse.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawing further being illustrated to technical solution of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, for the power battery pack thermal runaway detection of electric car of the invention and the structural frames of protective device
Figure.The power battery pack thermal runaway of the electric car detects and protective device is mainly by microcontroller, with voltage sensor
The voltage detecting circuit of core is lost using temperature sensor as the temperature sensing circuit of core, by the heat of core of metal fusible link
Control protection circuit, local area network transceiver (CANBus(ControLLer Area Net-work Bus)), battery pack thermal runaway protect
Backplate composition, and it is able to cooperate battery management system, total positive relay, total negative relay, power battery pack and the vehicle of electric car
Carry the detection of power battery pack thermal runaway and protection that data terminal realizes electric car.
Wherein, which includes two D/A converter modules and timer module, the first digital-to-analogue of the microcontroller
Conversion module 1 connects the temperature sensing circuit, and the second D/A converter module 2 of the microcontroller connects voltage detecting circuit.This is micro-
Controller can be according to the detection data of the D/A converter module 1 and digital-to-analogue dress mold changing block 2, in the setting of internal timer module
Thermal runaway state in duty cycle, according to the detection method detection power battery pack subscribed.The communication module of microcontroller passes through
After transceiver level conversion, the thermal runaway risk signal of power battery pack is sent to battery management system.Subsequent battery management
Thermal runaway information can be sent to carload instrument by system, be alarmed.Meanwhile battery management system can also transmit relevant information
Vehicle-mounted data terminal is given, electric car monitor supervision platform is then uploaded to, issues prompt and alarm to relevant driver and conductor.
And the microcontroller also includes a universal input and output module (GPIO module), protects electricity to external thermal runaway
Road, when thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, which receives the thermal runaway signal of thermal runaway protection circuit, receives and dispatches by local area network
After device level conversion, the thermal runaway signal of power battery pack is sent to battery management system, system can send out thermal runaway information
Carload instrument is given, and is alarmed to driver and conductor.Meanwhile relevant information can be also sent to vehicle-mounted data by the battery management system
Terminal, and upload to electric car monitor supervision platform.
As shown in Fig. 2, it is the power battery pack thermal runaway detection of the electric car of a specific embodiment of the invention and protects
Protection unit circuit diagram.Wherein:
The temperature sensing circuit is mainly by Current Limiting Diodes E1, pull-up divider resistance R3, drop-down divider resistance R4, temperature sensor
Composition, wherein the temperature sensor is the thermistor for varying with temperature and generating variation, when the temperature varies,
Thermistor resistance value changes, and under the action of pulling up divider resistance and drop-down divider resistance, the first of microcontroller (MCU)
Different voltage values is inputted in D/A converter module (A/D module) 1, and Current Limiting Diodes are used to limit sense of current.
The voltage detecting circuit is mainly made of Current Limiting Diodes E2, fuse F1 and voltage sensor, Current Limiting Diodes
E1 is used to limit sense of current, and fuse F1 is to prevent when circuit overloads, and can generate excess electric current to microcontroller
Impact, which can directly measure the voltage value of battery, and input to the second D/A converter module of microcontroller
2。
Thermal runaway protection circuit is mainly made of metal fusible link, pull-up resistor R1, pull down resistor R2.Metal fusible link
It is made using low-melting-point metal, under normal circumstances, metal fusible link plays the role of conductor, can be by the control circuit of 12V
High level signal of the power supply through pull-up resistor R1 is input to microcontroller universal input and output module (GPIO).Thermal runaway occurs
Afterwards, high temperature makes metal fusible link fuse, and the channel of control circuit power supply to microcontroller disconnects, outside universal input and output module
The pull down resistor R2 in portion, can be to the module pin input low level signal.
By above structure, control method used by apparatus of the present invention is mainly that microcontroller passes through two digital-to-analogue conversions
Module reads temperature and voltage signal from temperature and voltage detecting circuit, converts signals into specific value, using number
After the processing and comparison of value, if it is determined that there are thermal runaway risks for power battery pack, thermal runaway pre-warning signal is just sent to electricity
Pond management system further sends warning message by battery management system.
The specific steps are that:
1) microcontroller sets a duty cycle by its timer module；
2) start a duty cycle, microcontroller reads the temperature signal that its digital analogue signal conversion module receives；
3) microcontroller is converted into temperature signal the temperature value of power battery pack；
4) microcontroller the temperature value of current period subtract the temperature value of upper a cycle and divided by the time of a cycle it is long
Degree obtains the rate temperature change of current period；
5) microcontroller reads the voltage signal that its digital analogue signal conversion module receives；
6) microcontroller is converted into voltage signal the voltage value of power battery pack；
7) voltage value of upper a cycle is subtracted the voltage value of current period and removes the voltage of the above a cycle by microcontroller
Value obtains the voltage value variable quantity percentage of current period；
8) microcontroller compares the upper limit value of the rate temperature change and a preset rate temperature change of current period
Compared with；
9) microcontroller sets the safe time limit that a rate temperature change is more than upper limit value, and the temperature for beginning with a cycle becomes
Change timing when rate is more than the upper limit, next cycle continues timing if also above the upper limit, if stopping timing not above if,
The current time more than upper limit value is compared with safe time limit after each timing；
10) it is more than safe time limit that if rate temperature change, which is more than the duration of upper limit value, microcontroller will will do it next
The judgement of step；
11) under the premise of meeting step 10 requirement, microcontroller sets a temperature upper limit and current period power electric
The temperature value of pond group compares therewith, if it exceeds temperature upper limit then carries out step 13；
12) under the premise of meeting step 10 requirement, microcontroller sets the upper limit value of a voltage value variable quantity percentage simultaneously
The voltage value variable quantity percentage of current period power battery pack is compared therewith, if it exceeds on voltage value variable quantity percentage
Limit value then carries out step 13；
13) when step 11 or step 12 meet condition, assert that there are thermal runaway risks for power battery pack, and battery pack is entered
The information of thermal runaway state is deposited into the flash memory module of microcontroller；
14) microcontroller sends power battery pack to the battery management system of electric car by local area network transceiver and loses in the presence of heat
Control the signal of risk；
15) battery management system sends warning message to carload instrument, and driver and conductor is reminded to take counter-measure；
16) there are the warning information of thermal runaway risk to vehicle-mounted data terminal transmission power battery pack for battery management system；
17) electric car monitor supervision platform is alarmed to driver and conductor and is provided dynamic by the status information of reading vehicle-mounted data terminal
The status information of power battery pack；
If 18) do not carry out step 13, microcontroller returns to step 2 and works on.
Wherein, the upper limit value of the rate temperature change, rate temperature change are more than the safe time limit and temperature of upper limit value
Degree upper limit value is in accordance with the chemical stability of power battery pack and security level determines；And voltage value variable quantity percentage is upper
Limit value is determining according to the internal resistance of power battery pack, voltage rating and security level, the power battery mentioned in the above parameter selection
Group security level is a kind of skill formulated according to electric car security performance, battery pack physical parameter and automobile vendor's production requirement
Art standard.
Device of the present invention additionally uses a kind of safeguard measure, the mainly heat on the inside of power battery pack box cover
The metal fusible link of thermal runaway protection circuit is installed on lost-control protection plate, after thermal runaway phenomenon generation, thermal runaway protection
Plate temperature rises rapidly, and metal fusible link thereon will fuse at high temperature, and one side microcontroller passes through connection protection circuit
Universal input and output module obtain thermal runaway signal, by the way that thermal runaway signal is sent to battery management system after repeatedly determining
System, thus interconnection other parts take further protection measure；The fusing of another side metal fusible link is directly cut off
Circuit between relay and control power supply, relay therefore power loss, so that it is further disconnected the driving circuit of power battery pack,
To avoid circuit overloads and electric leakage accident occurs.
Specific step is as follows:
1) after thermal runaway phenomenon occurs in power battery pack, the metal fusible link of thermal runaway protection circuit can be on thermal runaway protection board
It fuses under high temperature, thus to one thermal runaway signal of microcontroller universal input and output module of connection thermal runaway protection circuit；
2) microcontroller reads thermal runaway signal from universal input and output module, if quantity and time has been previously set
Thermal runaway signal is persistently read in the sample of signal period of length, then microcontroller will determine that power battery pack enters hot mistake
Control state；
In this step, the quantity and time span of sampling period is according to microcontroller arithmetic speed and power battery pack safety
Grade determines, and power battery pack security level is according to electric car security performance, battery pack physical parameter and automobile vendor
A kind of technical standard that production requirement is formulated.
3) after determining that power battery pack enters thermal runaway state, microcontroller can be received thermal runaway signal by local area network
Hair device is sent to battery management system, and subsequent system is alarmed to carload instrument, and signal is passed to vehicle-mounted data terminal, vehicle-mounted
Data terminal can also further send a signal to electric car monitor supervision platform, and monitor supervision platform can remind driver and conductor to take into one
The safeguard measure of step；
4) it while step 2 and step 3 carry out, because metal fusible link fuses, has cut off between control power supply and relay
Circuit, makes relay electric-loss and disconnects power battery pack driving circuit, and electric leakage accident occurs to avoid circuit overloads.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical scheme of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof, although referring to above-described embodiment pair
The present invention is described in detail, it should be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art that still can be to of the invention specific
Embodiment is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from any modification of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement,
It is intended to be within the scope of the claims of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway detection and protective device, characterized in that it comprises:
Microcontroller, temperature sensing circuit, voltage detecting circuit, thermal runaway protection circuit, local area network transceiver and thermal runaway are protected
Backplate,
Wherein, which includes two D/A converter modules and timer module, the first digital-to-analogue conversion of the microcontroller
Module connects the temperature sensing circuit, and the second D/A converter module of the microcontroller connects voltage detecting circuit, the microcontroller
According to the detection data of the D/A converter module, in the duty cycle of internal timer module setting, according to the inspection subscribed
The thermal runaway state of survey method detection power battery pack simultaneously generates thermal runaway risk signal;The communication module of the microcontroller is logical
After crossing transceiver progress level conversion, the thermal runaway risk signal of power battery pack is sent to battery management system, then electricity
Thermal runaway information can be sent to carload instrument by pond management system, be alarmed, meanwhile, battery management system can also believe correlation
Breath passes to vehicle-mounted data terminal, then uploads to electric car monitor supervision platform, issues prompt and report to relevant driver and conductor
It is alert；
And the microcontroller also includes a universal input and output module, protects circuit to external thermal runaway, is protected in thermal runaway
When protection circuit detects that thermal runaway phenomenon occurs, which can receive the thermal runaway signal of thermal runaway protection circuit,
After the communication module of the microcontroller passes through local area network transceiver level conversion, the thermal runaway signal of power battery pack is passed
Battery management system is given, system can be sent to thermal runaway information carload instrument, and alarm to driver and conductor；Meanwhile the electricity
Pond management system can also be sent to relevant information vehicle-mounted data terminal, and upload to electric car monitor supervision platform.
2. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway detection according to claim 1 and protective device, feature exist
In the temperature sensing circuit connects in a D/A converter module of microcontroller, which includes a temperature
Spend sensor, a Current Limiting Diodes, a pull-up divider resistance and a drop-down divider resistance.
3. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway detection according to claim 2 and protective device, feature exist
In the voltage detecting circuit connects in another D/A converter module of microcontroller, which includes one
Voltage sensor, a Current Limiting Diodes and a fuse.
4. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway detection according to claim 1 to 3 and protective device,
It is characterized in that, the thermal runaway protection circuit connects in the universal input and output module of microcontroller, which protects circuit
Including a metal fusible link, a pull-up divider resistance and a drop-down divider resistance.
5. being applied to a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway risk method for warming of any the claims, feature
It is comprising step:
1) microcontroller sets a duty cycle by its timer module；
2) start a duty cycle, microcontroller reads the temperature signal that its digital analogue signal conversion module receives；
3) microcontroller is converted into temperature signal the temperature value of power battery pack；
4) microcontroller the temperature value of current period subtract the temperature value of upper a cycle and divided by the time of a cycle it is long
Degree obtains the rate temperature change of current period；
5) microcontroller reads the voltage signal that its digital analogue signal conversion module receives；
6) microcontroller is converted into voltage signal the voltage value of power battery pack；
7) voltage value of upper a cycle is subtracted the voltage value of current period and removes the voltage of the above a cycle by microcontroller
Value obtains the voltage value variable quantity percentage of current period；
8) microcontroller compares the upper limit value of the rate temperature change and a preset rate temperature change of current period
Compared with；
9) microcontroller sets the safe time limit that a rate temperature change is more than upper limit value, and the temperature for beginning with a cycle becomes
Change timing when rate is more than the upper limit, next cycle continues timing if also above the upper limit, if stopping timing not above if,
The current time more than upper limit value is compared with safe time limit after each timing；
10) it is more than safe time limit that if rate temperature change, which is more than the duration of upper limit value, microcontroller will will do it next
The judgement of step；
11) under the premise of meeting step 10 requirement, microcontroller sets a temperature upper limit and current period power electric
The temperature value of pond group compares therewith, if it exceeds temperature upper limit then carries out step 13；
12) under the premise of meeting step 10 requirement, microcontroller sets the upper limit value of a voltage value variable quantity percentage simultaneously
The voltage value variable quantity percentage of current period power battery pack is compared therewith, if it exceeds on voltage value variable quantity percentage
Limit value then carries out step 13；
13) when step 11 or step 12 meet condition, assert that there are thermal runaway risks for power battery pack, and battery pack is entered
The information of thermal runaway state is deposited into the flash memory module of microcontroller；
14) microcontroller sends power battery pack to the battery management system of electric car by local area network transceiver and loses in the presence of heat
Control the signal of risk；
15) battery management system sends warning message to carload instrument, and driver and conductor is reminded to take counter-measure；
16) there are the warning information of thermal runaway risk to vehicle-mounted data terminal transmission power battery pack for battery management system；
17) electric car monitor supervision platform is alarmed to driver and conductor and is provided dynamic by the status information of reading vehicle-mounted data terminal
The status information of power battery pack；
If 18) do not carry out step 13, microcontroller returns to step 2 and works on.
6. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway risk method for warming as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that step
It is rapid 1) in duty cycle determined according to microcontroller arithmetic speed and power battery pack security level；Temperature in step 8 becomes
Change the upper limit value of rate, rate temperature change is more than the safe time limit of upper limit value in step 9), and there are also in the temperature in step 11)
Limit value is in accordance with the chemical stability of power battery pack and security level determines；Voltage value variable quantity percentage in step 12)
The upper limit value of ratio is determined according to the internal resistance of power battery pack, voltage rating and security level, is mentioned in the above parameter selection dynamic
Power battery pack security level is formulated according to electric car security performance, battery pack physical parameter and automobile vendor's production requirement
A kind of technical standard.
7. being applied to a kind of any electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway guard method of the claims 1-4, feature
It is, comprising the steps of:
1) after thermal runaway phenomenon occurs in power battery pack, the metal fusible link of thermal runaway protection circuit can be on thermal runaway protection board
It fuses under high temperature, thus to one thermal runaway signal of microcontroller universal input and output module of connection thermal runaway protection circuit；
2) microcontroller reads thermal runaway signal from universal input and output module, if quantity and time has been previously set
Thermal runaway signal is persistently read in the sample of signal period of length, then microcontroller will determine that power battery pack enters hot mistake
Control state；
3) after determining that power battery pack enters thermal runaway state, thermal runaway signal can be passed through local area network transceiver by microcontroller
It is sent to battery management system, subsequent system is alarmed to carload instrument, and signal is passed to vehicle-mounted data terminal, vehicle-mounted data
Terminal can also further send a signal to electric car monitor supervision platform, and monitor supervision platform can remind driver and conductor to take further
Safeguard measure；
4) it while step 2 and step 3 carry out, because metal fusible link fuses, has cut off between control power supply and relay
Circuit, makes relay electric-loss and disconnects power battery pack driving circuit, and electric leakage accident occurs to avoid circuit overloads.
8. a kind of electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway guard method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that step 2
In sampling period quantity and time span be determined according to microcontroller arithmetic speed and power battery pack security level, and
Power battery pack security level is formulated according to electric car security performance, battery pack physical parameter and automobile vendor's production requirement
A kind of technical standard.
9. it is applied to a kind of any electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway risk method for warming of the claims 1-4,
It is characterized in that, mainly reads temperature from temperature and voltage detecting circuit by two D/A converter modules by microcontroller
Degree and voltage signal, convert signals into specific value, after the processing and comparison of numerical value, if it is determined that power battery pack
There are thermal runaway risks, and thermal runaway pre-warning signal is just sent to battery management system, are further sent by battery management system
Warning message.
10. being applied to a kind of any electric automobile power battery group thermal runaway guard method of the claims 1-4, feature
It is, is mainly protected by the thermal runaway installed on the thermal runaway protection board being arranged on the inside of power battery pack box cover
The metal fusible link of circuit, after thermal runaway phenomenon generation, thermal runaway protection plate temperature is risen rapidly, and the metal thereon is molten
Fracture of wire will fuse at high temperature, and one side microcontroller obtains thermal runaway by the universal input and output module of connection protection circuit
Signal, by the way that thermal runaway signal is sent to battery management system after repeatedly determining, thus interconnection other parts take into
The safeguard measure of one step；The fusing of another side metal fusible link has directly cut off relay and has controlled the circuit between power supply, relay
Device therefore power loss, so that the driving circuit of power battery pack is further disconnected, to avoid circuit overloads and thing of leaking electricity occurs
Therefore.
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