CN110521320B - Improvement method of Sichuan heavy soil - Google Patents
Improvement method of Sichuan heavy soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN110521320B CN110521320B CN201910880162.1A CN201910880162A CN110521320B CN 110521320 B CN110521320 B CN 110521320B CN 201910880162 A CN201910880162 A CN 201910880162A CN 110521320 B CN110521320 B CN 110521320B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving Sichuan heavy soil, and particularly relates to a method for improving the heavy soil in mountainous regions around a Sichuan basin, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement. Firstly, a pot experiment is adopted, and 3 kinds of soil with good effect are screened out on the basis of the previous experiment to carry out an accurate experiment; asparagus is used as a test crop to verify the actual effect of the asparagus on the crop; after the measures for improving the soil are implemented, the PH value of the soil is changed, and is increased to 6.8 from the original PH value of 5.0, so that the requirements for planting the asparagus are completely met; the texture of the soil is changed from original heavy clay to a grade close to that of medium loam; the soil improvement effect is very obvious; and the growth conditions of the three asparagus plants for improving the soil are also obviously better than those of a control group, and the per mu yield of the asparagus reaches the original remarkable difference level of more than four times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving Sichuan heavy soil, in particular to a method for improving the heavy soil in mountainous regions around a Sichuan basin.
Background
Large areas of heavy and sticky soil, which belongs to yellow loam, are located in mountainous regions around the Sichuan basin, and local people are called 'yellow mud soil'. The soil is very viscous and heavy, and is only suitable for planting rice. With the deepening of poverty-relief work in recent years, the planting structure adjustment is carried out to improve the income of local farmers. Asparagus which has more than 5 times of benefit higher than that of planting rice is selected as a breakthrough for industry poverty alleviation. Through the test, a good effect is obtained. Local governments have decided to grow asparagus as a matter of industry poverty relief. Since asparagus is a perennial herb plant, the root growth and development of asparagus prefer soil with loose texture. Therefore, in the actual popularization process, the strong desire of local farmers to plant asparagus and quickly lose poverty and become rich is contradictory to the local soil condition. Therefore, the invention aims to enable local heavy yellow loam to meet the growth conditions of the asparagus to the maximum extent through a soil improvement technology.
At present, a plurality of units selling fertilizers on the market are called to have products in the aspect of soil improvement to be popularized and sold. We purchased various types of soil improvement agents sold on the local market for practical testing, and none of them could achieve satisfactory results. Accordingly, corresponding technical studies have been conducted at the request of local government. Through recent tests, good effects are obtained in local places.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving Sichuan heavy soil, which is characterized in that firstly, a pot experiment is adopted, and 3 kinds of soil with good effect are screened out on the basis of a previous period experiment for an accurate experiment; the asparagus is used as a test crop to verify the actual effect of the asparagus on the crop; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting a soil ratio, specifically screening 3 soil ratios with good effects:
first soil proportioning: 100kg of quicklime powder, 2000kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of efficient soil fertilizer activation synergist, 50kg of potassium fulvate, 10kg of soil conditioner, 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer with N, P and K being more than or equal to 45 percent and 25kg of 816 chelated potassium zinc urea;
and (2) proportioning the soil: 100kg of quicklime powder, 5kg of fulvic acid potassium, 5kg of soil conditioner, 5kg of chelated potassium zinc urea, 5kg of high-concentration polypeptide trace element water-soluble fertilizer and 5kg of monopotassium phosphate;
and (3) proportioning of the third soil: 100kg of quicklime powder, 5kg of efficient soil fertilizer activation synergist, 10kg of potassium fulvate, 20kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer with the contents of N, P and K being more than or equal to 45 percent and 15kg of chelated potassium zinc urea;
step two, improving the viscous heavy soil, adopting a pot culture method to test the soil of 0-30 cm,
1) in the test, a plastic nutrition pot with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 50 cm is selected, soil with the depth of 0-30 cm in the field is taken back, dried and crushed, mixed and sieved uniformly, the sieve aperture is 0.5cm, and after stones and impurities are removed, a sample is taken, and the soil physicochemical property of the foundation is measured: pH and texture;
2) the test adopts random arrangement, the nutrition pot grouping test, the blank control and 3 times of repeated tests, wherein 9 pots are arranged in each group, soil is filled in each pot for 40 cm, 1 asparagus seedling with the same size is fixedly planted, soil samples are respectively taken 20 days, 40 days and 60 days after the test is implemented, soil layers of 0-30 cm are taken, and the physicochemical property of the soil is respectively measured after the sampling: pH and texture; taking out the asparagus seedlings at 60 days, and measuring the plant height, stem number, root number and length indexes of the asparagus seedlings;
step three, performing asparagus planting tests, namely repeating the tests for 3 times, wherein each test is divided into four groups of nutrition bowls, and one group of nutrition bowls is a blank control group; 9 pots are needed for each group, and 36 large nutrition bowls are needed; the first group of 9 pots contains soil with a first proportion, the second group of 9 pots contains soil with a second proportion, and the third group of 9 pots contains soil with a third proportion; a fourth group of 9 pots containing untreated soil as a blank control; randomly arranging the large nutrition pots on which the asparagus seedlings are planted according to a group interval of 50 cm, placing the large nutrition pots in an open environment without shielding, and managing the asparagus according to common field management; taking out the asparagus seedlings every 60 days, and measuring the plant height, stem number, root number and length indexes of the asparagus seedlings; repeating the test for 3 times, and storing a data list;
step four, the data stored in the list are processed by experimental data and analyzed by variance to obtain the following conclusion:
(1) after the measures for improving the soil are implemented, the pH value of the soil is obviously changed and is increased to 6.8 from the original pH value of 5.0, so that the requirements for planting the asparagus are completely met;
(2) the content of the heavy clay with the physical sticky particle size less than or equal to 0.01mm in the original soil texture is reduced from 90% to below 59%, the best soil with the first proportion is even close to the grade of medium loam, and the content of the heavy clay with the physical sticky particle size less than or equal to 0.01mm is up to 46%; the soil improvement effect is very obvious;
(3) the growth conditions of the asparagus plants of the three types of improved soil are also obviously better than those of the blank control group, and extremely obvious difference level is achieved; although the three soil amendments did not differ significantly from each other, the first soil amendment was relatively the best.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the measures for improving the soil are implemented, the PH value of the soil is changed, and is increased to 6.8 from the original PH value of 5.0, so that the requirements for planting the asparagus are completely met; the soil texture is changed from the original heavy clay to the grade close to the medium loam; the soil improvement effect is very obvious; and the growth conditions of the three asparagus plants for improving the soil are also obviously better than those of a control group, and the per mu yield of the asparagus reaches the original remarkable difference level of more than four times.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for improving Sichuan heavy soil, which comprises the steps of firstly adopting a pot experiment, screening 3 kinds of soil with good effect on the basis of a previous period experiment, and carrying out an accurate experiment; the asparagus is used as a test crop to verify the actual effect of the asparagus on the crop; the following description will be given with reference to examples.
Treating soil in a pot load test:
the invention aims to improve the soil of 0-30 cm. The pot experiment was carried out in a plastic nutrition pot 30cm in diameter and 50 cm in depth, containing 40 cm of soil. Taking back 0-30 cm of soil in the field, drying in the sun, crushing, mixing uniformly, sieving (with an air space of 0.5cm), removing impurities such as stones, adding 14.1g of quicklime (powder) into each pot, mixing uniformly the soil of 27 large nutrition pots for the test and 380.7g of quicklime (powder), stacking together, and standing for 7 days. After 7 days, the quicklime-treated soil was divided into 3 parts. 2542.5g of organic fertilizer, 6.4g of high-efficiency soil fertilizer activation synergist (Nofeng AB type amino acid, humic acid), 63.9g of potassium fulvate, 12.8g of soil conditioner (such as gold), 63.9g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (Jiashili) and 32g of chelated potassium zinc urea (816) are added into the first improved soil according to 1 part, and the mixture is uniformly mixed and respectively filled into 9 large nutrition bowls; 1 part of second improved soil, 6.4g of potassium fulvate, 6.4g of soil conditioner (such as gold), 6.4g of chelated potassium zinc urea (816) and high-concentration polypeptide trace element water-soluble fertilizer (a)Diyuandibao) 6.4g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 6.4g are evenly mixed and respectively put into 9 large nutrition bowls; 1 part of the soil is improved according to the third, 6.4g of high-efficiency soil fertilizer activation synergist (Nofeng AB type amino acid, humic acid) is added into the soil, 12.8g of fulvic acid potassium, 25.6g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer (Jiashili) and 19.2g of chelated potassium zinc urea are uniformly mixed and respectively put into 9 large nutrition bowls; additionally, the original field soil without improvement was filled in 9 large nutrition pots, respectively, as a control.
1 plant of 90-day seedling-age asparagus seedlings are planted in each large nutrition pot, and the sizes of the asparagus seedlings are kept as consistent as possible. Big nutrition bowls for planting asparagus seedlings are arranged at intervals of 50 cm, repeated and randomly arranged for 3 times, placed in an open environment without shielding, and subjected to asparagus management according to common field management.
And on the 20 th day, respectively taking soil samples from 36 nutrition bowls, taking the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm, naturally air-drying and uniformly mixing the soil samples, and respectively measuring the physicochemical properties (pH value and texture) of the soil on the basis of the soil samples. This work was repeated on day 40 and day 60. At day 60, all asparagus plants were removed and the plant height, stem number, root number and root length were measured separately.
And summarizing the test data, and carrying out variance analysis to obtain a test result.
Actual field application soil treatment:
on the basis of a pot experiment, a first improved soil is screened out to be popularized and applied in actual production. The method comprises the following steps: (1) calculating the specific dosage of various soil improving elements on the area according to the actual area according to the formula requirement on the deeply excavated and prepared land; (2) uniformly spreading quicklime (powder) on the ground surface according to the using amount, and carrying out rotary tillage with the rotary tillage depth of more than 30 cm; (3) after 7 days, according to the actual amount of the soil conditioner and the organic fertilizer, the ratio of 1: 3, uniformly stirring, uniformly spreading on the ground surface, uniformly mixing and uniformly stirring the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, the chelated potassium zinc urea and the high-efficiency soil activation synergist, uniformly spreading on the ground surface, uniformly spreading the potassium fulvic acid and the rest organic fertilizer on the ground surface, and finally carrying out rotary tillage for 3 times by using a rotary cultivator, wherein the rotary tillage depth reaches more than 30cm, so that various fertilizers and soil are uniformly mixed as much as possible.
The asparagus field planting can be normally carried out on the soil improved in the way. The effect is shown after 20 days, and after 60 days, the soil completely changes the characteristics of the original 'yellow mud soil', becomes loose, breathable and non-sticky to feet. The growth and development of the asparagus are also normal. The invention not only achieves remarkable effect on pot experiment, but also achieves great success on actual production. In fields with successful soil improvement, asparagus planted in 6 months in 2018 starts to be harvested by 2 days in 4 months in 2019, and the harvest yield per mu reaches 400kg and the income per mu reaches 4000 yuan by 30 days in 5 months in 2019. In the field without soil improvement, even if the asparagus planted in 2017 in 6 months is harvested in each mu of the field with the yield less than 100kg, the difference is quite obvious, so that local farmers see the hope of successfully planting the asparagus and also see the hope of poverty removal and enrichment.
Claims (1)
1. A Sichuan heavy soil improvement method is characterized in that firstly, a pot experiment is adopted, and 3 kinds of soil with good effect are screened out on the basis of the previous experiment to carry out an accurate experiment; the asparagus is used as a test crop to verify the actual effect of the asparagus on the crop; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, selecting a soil ratio, specifically screening 3 soil ratios with good effects:
first soil proportioning: 100kg of quicklime powder, 2000kg of organic fertilizer, 5kg of efficient soil fertilizer activation synergist, 50kg of potassium fulvate, 10kg of soil conditioner, 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer with N, P and K being more than or equal to 45 percent and 25kg of chelated potassium zinc urea;
and (2) proportioning the soil: 100kg of quicklime powder, 5kg of fulvic acid potassium, 5kg of soil conditioner, 5kg of 816 chelated potassium zinc urea, 5kg of high-concentrated polypeptide trace element water-soluble fertilizer and 5kg of monopotassium phosphate;
and (3) proportioning of the third soil: 100kg of quicklime powder, 5kg of efficient soil fertilizer activation synergist, 10kg of potassium fulvate, 20kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer with the contents of N, P and K being more than or equal to 45 percent and 15kg of chelated potassium zinc urea;
step two, improving the viscous heavy soil, adopting a pot culture method to test the soil of 0-30 cm,
1) in the test, a plastic nutrition pot with the diameter of 30cm and the depth of 50 cm is selected, soil with the depth of 0-30 cm in the field is taken back, dried and crushed, mixed and sieved uniformly, the sieve aperture is 0.5cm, and after stones and impurities are removed, a sample is taken, and the soil physicochemical property of the foundation is measured: pH and texture;
2) the test adopts random arrangement, a nutrition pot grouping test, a blank control and 3 times of repeated tests, wherein 9 pots are arranged in each group, each pot is filled with 40 cm of soil, 1 asparagus seedling with the same size is fixedly planted, soil samples are respectively taken 20 days, 40 days and 60 days after the test is implemented, soil layers of 0-30 cm are taken, and the physicochemical properties of the soil are respectively measured after the sampling: pH and texture; taking out the asparagus seedlings at 60 days, and measuring the plant height, stem number, root number and length indexes of the asparagus seedlings;
step three, performing asparagus planting tests, namely repeating the tests for 3 times, wherein each test is divided into four groups of nutrition bowls, and one group of nutrition bowls is a blank control group; 9 pots are needed for each group, and 36 large nutrition bowls are needed; the first group of 9 pots contains soil with a first proportion, the second group of 9 pots contains soil with a second proportion, and the third group of 9 pots contains soil with a third proportion; a fourth group of 9 pots containing untreated soil as a blank control; randomly arranging the large nutrition pots on which the asparagus seedlings are planted according to a group interval of 50 cm, placing the large nutrition pots in an open environment without shielding, and managing the asparagus according to common field management; taking out the asparagus seedlings every 60 days, and measuring the plant height, stem number, root number and length indexes of the asparagus seedlings; repeating the test for 3 times, and storing a data list;
step four, the data stored in the list are processed by experimental data and analyzed by variance to obtain the following conclusion:
(1) after the measures for improving the soil are implemented, the pH value of the soil is obviously changed and is increased to 6.8 from the original pH value of 5.0, so that the requirements for planting the asparagus are completely met;
(2) the content of the clay with the physical sticky particle size of less than or equal to 0.01mm in the soil texture is reduced from 90% to below 59%, the best soil with the first proportion is even close to the grade of medium loam, and the content of the clay with the physical sticky particle size of less than or equal to 0.01mm in the soil texture is up to 46%; the soil improvement effect is very obvious;
(3) the growth conditions of the asparagus plants of the three types of improved soil are also obviously better than those of the blank control group, and extremely obvious difference level is achieved; although the three soil amendments did not differ significantly from each other, the first soil amendment was relatively the best.
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CN101805616A (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-18 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Disease-resistant synergy-type conditioner of protected horticultural vegetable field soil and preparation method thereof |
CN103210726A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-07-24 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling fluorine content in fresh tea leaves by utilizing soil fertilization technique |
CN104145551A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-11-19 | 上海市农业技术推广服务中心 | Method for improving soil with asparagus succession cropping obstacles |
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DE102007056264A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-07-16 | Arpadis Deutschland Gmbh | Soil improver, useful e.g. to increase water absorption/water storage capacity of soil, comprises a water-swellable matrix material based on organic polymer with carbohydrate functional group, and inorganic solid particles e.g. bentonite |
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CN101805616A (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-18 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Disease-resistant synergy-type conditioner of protected horticultural vegetable field soil and preparation method thereof |
CN103210726A (en) * | 2013-04-23 | 2013-07-24 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for regulating and controlling fluorine content in fresh tea leaves by utilizing soil fertilization technique |
CN104145551A (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2014-11-19 | 上海市农业技术推广服务中心 | Method for improving soil with asparagus succession cropping obstacles |
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