CN110521144B - Method, device and system for outputting photons - Google Patents
Method, device and system for outputting photons Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a photon output method and a photon output device, which can improve the efficiency of simultaneously outputting a plurality of indistinguishable single photons in unit time. The method comprises the following steps: after the previous time window is finished and an announcing photon is detected for the first time, determining the starting time of the current time window as the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, wherein the announcing photon and the announced photon appear in pairs, the announcing photon is used for announcing the existence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source; detecting an announced photon after the start time within the current time window; and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output moment.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for photonic output.
Background
The single photon is a carrier for quantum communication and quantum computation, and the emission rate of the single photon source directly determines the rate of the quantum communication and the speed and the expansibility of a quantum computing system. Also, some specific quantum communication methods and quantum gate operations (e.g., quantum relay, quantum networks, linear optical quantum computing, etc.) require a light source that can simultaneously produce multiple indistinguishable photons. The most common prior art methods for simultaneously generating multiple non-resolvable photons, one that simply combines multiple photon sources and the other that uses a cascaded nonlinear process to generate multiple photons, are highly inefficient.
Therefore, how to improve the efficiency of simultaneously generating a plurality of non-resolvable photons is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a method and a device for outputting photons, which can improve the efficiency of simultaneously generating a plurality of indistinguishable photons.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a method of photon output, comprising: after the end of the previous time window, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time, determining the starting time of the current time window as the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, wherein the announcing photon and the announced photon appear in pairs, the announcing photon is used for announcing the existence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source;
detecting an announced photon after the starting time of the current time window in the current time window;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output moment.
Therefore, in the present application, after the previous time window is finished, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time, the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time is determined as the starting time of the current time window, and in the current time window, the announcing photon after the starting time of the current time window is detected, and the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all detected announcing photons is adjusted, so that the announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time, thereby improving the efficiency of outputting photons at the same time.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the first aspect, the same output time is a first output time after the end of the current time window in preset output times.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the first aspect, when the announced photon is detected after the end of the previous time window, the method further includes determining a starting time of the time window to be before the time when the announced photon is detected, and the method further includes:
when the detection is started, determining the first detected time of the announced photon as the starting time of the first time window;
detecting, within a first one of said time windows, an announcing photon after a start time of the first one of said time windows;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the first time window so that all announced photons in the first time window are output at the same output moment.
Optionally, the adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected within the current time window to enable all announced photons within the time window to be output at the same output time includes:
determining a time interval between the time of detection of each of the all announced photons of the time window and the same output time;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window according to the determined time interval between the time when each announced photon is detected and the same output time, so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the first aspect, the length of the time window is 2nAnd T, the T is the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, n is the number-1 of optical switches used in an optical delay light path, and the optical delay light path is used for adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon.
Optionally, in an implementation manner of the first aspect, the preset outputs are adjacent to each otherLength of scale is 2nT, the T is the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, and n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical time delay light path.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for outputting photons, comprising: a processor, a single photon detector and an optical delay path, which may carry out the method of the first aspect or any of the alternative implementations of the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a system for outputting photons, comprising: the processor is used for determining the starting moment of the current time window as the moment of detecting the announcing photon for the first time after the end of the previous time window, the announcing photon and the announced photon appear in pairs, the announcing photon is used for announcing the existence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source;
the single photon detector is used for detecting the announced photon in the current time window;
the optical delay light path is used for adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon detected in the current time window so that the announced photons in the time window are output at the same output moment;
the plurality of photon pair sources are for generating an announcing photon of the same nature as an announced photon of the same nature.
In a fourth aspect, the present application provides an apparatus for outputting photons, which includes a memory and a processor, where the memory stores program code that can be used to instruct the apparatus to perform the above first implementation or any optional implementation thereof, and when the code is executed, the processor can implement the apparatus for outputting photons in the method to perform various operations.
In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer storage medium having program code stored therein, where the program code may be used to instruct execution of the method of the first aspect or any alternative implementation manner of the first aspect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system for outputting photons in accordance with the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of outputting photons in accordance with the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of adjusting the transmission time of an announced photon according to the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for outputting photons in accordance with the present application.
FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a system for outputting photons in accordance with the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a system 100 for outputting photons, which is applicable to the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, the system 100 includes a photon pair source 110, the photon pair source 110 may include a plurality of photon pair sources, each of which may simultaneously generate a pair of photons, respectively an announcing photon and an announced photon; the photon detector 120 comprises a plurality of single-photon detectors, the number of the single-photon detectors is equal to that of the photon pair sources, the single-photon detectors correspond to the photon pair sources one by one, the single-photon detectors are used for detecting whether the photon pair sources generate photons, and if the single-photon detectors detect the announced photons, the announced photons corresponding to the announced photons can be generated; an optical delay circuit 130 for adjusting the transit time of the announced photon; and a processor 140 for controlling the optical delay path to adjust the transmission time of the announced photon.
For a better understanding of the present application, it will be described below in conjunction with fig. 2-5.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow diagram of a method 200 of outputting photons of the present application. As shown in fig. 2, the method 200 includes the following:
in 210, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time after the end of the previous time window, determining the starting time of the current time window as the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, where the announcing photon and the announced photon appear in pairs, where the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source.
It should be understood that the time window is a time window of a time division multiplexing operation.
In particular, a photon pair source produces two photons simultaneously with a certain probability, the two photons being time-correlated, in quantum photonics, two photons are defined as an announcing photon and an announced photon, respectively, and the detection of the announcing photon is indicative of the presence of the announced photon. And after the previous time window is finished, determining the moment when the announced photon is detected for the first time as the starting moment of the current time window.
Optionally, when the announced photon is detected after the end of the previous time window, determining the starting time of the time window to be before the time of detecting the announced photon, the method further includes: when the detection is started, determining the first detected time of the announced photon as the starting time of the first time window; detecting the announcing photon within a first one of the time windows; adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon detected in the first time window, so that the announced photon in the first time window is output at the same output moment.
In 220, an announcing photon after the start of the time window is detected within the current time window.
At 230, the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected within the current time window is adjusted so that all announced photons within the time window are output at the same output time.
Specifically, when an announcing photon is detected, the announcing photon is converted into an electrical signal, the announcing photon disappears, and the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon detected in the current time window is adjusted, so that the announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
Optionally, determining a time interval between the time of detection of each announced photon of the total announced photons of the time window and the same output time;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window according to the determined time interval between the detection time of each announced photon and the same output time, so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
Specifically, when an announcing photon is detected in the time window, a time interval between the time of the detected announcing photon and the same output time is determined, and the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon is adjusted according to the time interval, so that the announced photon is output at the same output time. According to the method, all announced photons within the time window are adjusted such that all announced photons within the time window are output at the same output time.
Optionally, the same output time is a first output time after the end of the current time window in the preset output times.
Specifically, the photon pair source periodically generates photons, the same output time is also periodically occurred, and the same output time is the first output time after the end of the current time window in the preset output times.
It should be understood that the same output time may be determined according to actual conditions, and is not limited to be the first output time after the end of the current time window in the preset output time, for example, the same output time may also be the second output time after the end of the current time window in the preset output time.
Optionally, the length of the time window is 2nT, the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical delay light path, and the optical delay lightThe circuit is used for adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon.
The optical delay optical path is used for adjusting the transmission time of photons, which is equivalent to how many paths the photons travel. If the propagation time of a photon in a unit optical delay optical path is specified as T and the propagation speed of the photon in the optical delay optical path is specified as v, the length of the optical delay optical path is L (L ═ T × v). If the time output of the announced photon is adjusted to be 3T later, the announced photon is allowed to take a 3L optical delay path.
n +1 optical switches, plus a delay line of appropriate length, can implement 2nAny delay of T. For example, if we have optical delay paths with three lengths of L, 2L, and 4L, we can realize all delay possibilities of 0-7T, and three different delay paths need 4 optical switches.
Optionally, the length of the adjacent preset output time is 2nT, the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, and n is the number of optical switches-1 used in the optical delay path.
As shown in fig. 2, the properties of the photon pair source 1 and the photon pair source 2 are the same, i.e. the properties of the frequency, line width, pulse width, and polarization state of the announced photons generated by the photon pair source 1 and the photon pair source 2 are the same, i.e. the announced photons generated by the photon pair source 1 and the photon pair source 2 are not distinguishable. In fig. 3, when an announcing photon is detected at time T2, the time when the announcing photon is detected is determined as the starting time of the current time window, the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon is adjusted to be 4T, so that the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon is output at the first preset time after the time window is ended, that is, at time T2; when the announced photon is detected at the time T1 in the time window, the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon is adjusted to T, so that the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon is output at the first preset time after the time window is ended, that is, at the time T2.
After the previous time window is finished and an announcing photon is detected, determining the time for detecting the announcing photon as the starting time of the current time window, for example, after the previous time window is finished, detecting the announcing photon at the time of T3, determining the time for detecting the announcing photon as the starting time of the current time window, adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon to be 7T, and outputting the announced photon corresponding to the announcing photon at the first preset time after the time window is finished, that is, at the time of T2; when the announced photon is detected at the time T2 in the time window, the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon is adjusted to 4T, so that the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon is output at the first preset time after the time window is ended, that is, at the time T2.
It should be understood that photon pair source 1 and photon pair source 2 may generate photons at any time within a cycle, and the time of generating photons is used in this application for example only and is not intended to be limiting.
It should also be understood that photon pair source 1 and photon pair source 2 are used by way of example only and that there may be a plurality of photon pair sources that are similar in nature.
Therefore, in the present application, after the end of the previous time window, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time, the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time is determined as the starting time of the current time window, and the announcing photon is detected in the current time window, and the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the detected announcing photon is adjusted, so that the announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time, thereby improving the efficiency of outputting photons at the same time.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic flow diagram of an apparatus 300 for outputting photons according to the present application. As shown in fig. 4, the apparatus 300 includes:
a processor 310, configured to determine, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time after a previous time window ends, that a starting time of a current time window is a time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, where the announcing photon and an announced photon appear in a pair, the announcing photon is used to announce the presence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in a pair are generated by the same photon pair source;
a single photon detector 320 for detecting an announced photon after the starting time of the current time window within the current time window;
the optical delay optical path 330 is configured to adjust transmission times of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected within the current time window, so that all announced photons within the time window are output at the same output time.
It is to be understood that the single photon detectors 320 are a number of single photon detectors equal to the number of photon pair sources and that the single photon detectors correspond one-to-one to the photon pair sources.
Optionally, the same output time is a first output time after the end of the current time window in preset output times.
Optionally, the processor is specifically configured to: after the previous time window is finished and the announced photon is detected for the first time, determining the starting time of the current time window to be before the time of detecting the announced photon, and when the detection is started, determining the first detected time of the announced photon to be the starting time of the first time window;
the single photon detector is specifically configured to:
detecting, within a first one of said time windows, an announcing photon after a start time of said first one of said time windows;
the optical delay optical path is specifically configured to:
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the first time window so that all announced photons in the first time window are output at the same output moment.
Optionally, the length of the time window is 2nT, the T is generated by the photon pair sourceThe period of the announced photon and the announced photon, and n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical delay optical path.
Optionally, the length of the adjacent preset output time is 2nT, the T is the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, and n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical time delay light path.
It is understood that the same property means that the frequency, line width, pulse width, and polarization state of the announced photons generated by the source are the same for the photons.
Optionally, the system further comprises an indication module for indicating that the system outputs the announced photon.
Optionally, the apparatus 300 may further comprise a memory 340 for storing a program, the program comprising code.
Optionally, when the code is executed, the processor 310 may control the apparatus for outputting photons in the optical delay optical path implementing method 200 to perform various operations, which is not described herein again for brevity.
It should be understood that, in the embodiment of the present application, the processor 310 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), and the processor 310 may also be other general processors, digital signal processors, application specific integrated circuits, off-the-shelf programmable gate arrays or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, and the like. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
The memory 340 may include both read-only memory and random access memory, and provides instructions and data to the processor 310. A portion of memory 340 may also include non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 340 may also store device type information.
In implementation, at least one step of the above method may be performed by a hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor 310, or the integrated logic circuit may perform the at least one step under instruction driving in a software form. The steps of a method disclosed in connection with the present application may be embodied directly in a hardware processor, or in a combination of the hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor 310 reads information in the memory and performs the steps of the above method in combination with hardware thereof. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic flow diagram of a system 400 of the present application for outputting photons. As shown in fig. 5, the system 400 includes:
a processor 410, configured to determine, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time after a previous time window ends, that a starting time of a current time window is a time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, where the announcing photon and an announced photon appear in pairs, where the announcing photon is used to announce the presence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source;
a single photon detector 420 for detecting said announced photon within said current time window;
an optical delay optical path 430, configured to adjust a transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon detected in the current time window, so that the announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
Photon pair source 440, which comprises photon pair sources of N identical properties, for generating photons.
Optionally, the system 400 for outputting photons further comprises an indication module for indicating that the system 400 outputs the announced photon.
Specifically, the indication module sends out indication information to indicate that the system 400 outputs the announced photon, for example, the indication module may be a diode, which indicates that the system has multiple photon outputs when the diode is on, and indicates that the system outputs a null pulse when the diode is off.
It should be understood that, in the various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of the processes should be determined by the functions and the inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the present application.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the system, the apparatus and the unit described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. A method of photon output, comprising:
after the last time window, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time, determining the starting time of the current time window as the time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, wherein the announcing photon and the announced photon appear in pairs, the announcing photon is used for announcing the existence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in pairs are generated by the same photon pair source;
detecting an announced photon after the starting time of the current time window in the current time window;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output moment.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the same output time is a first output time after the end of the current time window among the preset output times.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the determining of the starting time of the current time window before the time of the detection of the announced photon occurs the first time the announced photon is detected after the end of the previous time window, the method further comprising:
when the detection is started, determining the moment of the first detected declared photon as the starting moment of the first time window;
detecting, within a first one of said time windows, an announcing photon after a start time of the first one of said time windows;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the first time window so that all announced photons in the first time window are output at the same output moment.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected within the current time window to make all announced photons within the time window output at the same output time comprises:
determining a time interval between the time of detection of each of the all announced photons of the time window and the same output time;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window according to the determined time interval between the time when each announced photon is detected and the same output time, so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
5. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the time window is 2nT, the T producing the announcing photon and the announced light for the photon pair sourceAnd n is the number-1 of optical switches used in an optical delay light path, and the optical delay light path is used for adjusting the transmission time of the announced photon corresponding to the announced photon.
6. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the length of adjacent preset output instants is 2nT, the T is the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, and n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical time delay light path.
7. An apparatus for photon output, comprising:
a processor, configured to determine, when an announcing photon is detected for the first time after a previous time window ends, that an initial time of a current time window is a time when the announcing photon is detected for the first time, where the announcing photon and an announced photon appear in a pair, the announcing photon is used to announce the presence of the announced photon, and the announcing photon and the announced photon appearing in a pair are generated by the same photon pair source;
the single-photon detector is used for detecting the announced photons after the starting moment of the current time window in the current time window;
and the optical delay light path is used for adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output moment.
8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the same output time is a first output time after the end of the current time window among the preset output times.
9. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
after the previous time window is finished and the announced photon is detected for the first time, determining the starting time of the current time window to be before the time of detecting the announced photon, and when the detection is started, determining the first detected time of the announced photon to be the starting time of the first time window;
the single photon detector is specifically configured to:
detecting, within a first one of said time windows, an announcing photon after a start time of said first one of said time windows;
the optical delay optical path is specifically configured to:
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the first time window so that all announced photons in the first time window are output at the same output moment.
10. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the processor is specifically configured to:
determining a time interval between the time of detection of each of the all announced photons of the time window and the same output time;
and adjusting the transmission time of all announced photons corresponding to all announced photons detected in the current time window according to the determined time interval between the time when each announced photon is detected and the same output time, so that all announced photons in the time window are output at the same output time.
11. The apparatus of claim 7 or 8, wherein the time window has a length of 2nT, the T is the period of the photon pair source generating the announcing photon and the announced photon, and n is the number-1 of optical switches used in the optical time delay light path.
12. Device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the length of adjacent preset output moments is 2nT, the T producing the announcing photon and the announced light for the photon pair sourceThe period of the sub-switches, n, is the number of optical switches-1 used in the optical delay path.
13. A system comprising the single photon detector of any one of claims 7 to 12, a processor, an optical delay path and a plurality of photon pair sources of the same nature.
14. The system of claim 13, further comprising an indication module configured to indicate that the system output announced photons.
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| CN104702342A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-06-10 | 华南师范大学 | Multi-degree of freedom mixed entangled W-state photon producing system and method |
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| WO2018184209A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
| CN110521144A (en) | 2019-11-29 |
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