CN110518205A - A kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110518205A CN110518205A CN201910760016.5A CN201910760016A CN110518205A CN 110518205 A CN110518205 A CN 110518205A CN 201910760016 A CN201910760016 A CN 201910760016A CN 110518205 A CN110518205 A CN 110518205A
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- lithium ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention is a kind of preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material, and this method is that crystalline silicon occurs hydrolysis with tetraethyl orthosilicate under the action of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is surfactant, ammonium hydroxide is catalyst and synthesizes Si/SiO2Particle;The Si/SiO that the first step is synthesized2The carbon source of particle and N doping is added in the mixed solution that solvent is water-ethanol, obtains uniformly mixed solution after ultrasound, magnetic agitation;Finally it is frozen overnight drying;Dry compound particle is obtained into final product Si/SiO under an argon atmosphere with the heating rate high-temperature calcination of 5 DEG C/min2/ NC composite material.Preparation method of the present invention is simple, strong operability;Lithium ion battery has high capacity, good high rate performance and long-life, the specific feasibility of the 4th promise experiment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery negative material more particularly to a kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative materials
And preparation method thereof.
Background technique
High performance lithium ion battery (LIB) is for the portable electronic devices such as mobile phone and laptop to Guan Chong
It wants, they also show that the great potential of electronic traffic system, including electric car (EV) and mixed power electric car
(HEV).Commercial ion cathode material lithium graphite at present, lower (the 372mAh g of theoretical capacity-1) and poor circulation can not
Meet the electricity needs of fast-developing electronic equipment.To meet the needs of high-capacity lithium ion cell, a kind of Gao Rong is researched and developed
Amount lithium ion battery negative material is very urgent and necessary.
In the negative electrode material studied at present, silicon is the promising candidate of next-generation lithium ion battery negative material, because
For (1), it has highest theoretical specific capacity (4200mAh g in lithium ion battery negative material-1), about current commercial stone
Ten times of black cathode.(2) compared to low de- lithium current potential (the 0.05V vs.Li/Li of graphite electrode+), silicon has lower de- lithium
Current potential (0.37V vs.Li/Li+).(3) silicon is in the earth's crust, it is the second element abundant and nontoxic, so that extensive work
Industry production is possibly realized.(4) difficulty causes surface to analyse lithium when charging, and security performance is more preferable.In spite of the above advantage, but still have two big
Problem hinders the large-scale commercial application of silicium cathode.Silicium cathode is easy volume expansion in charge and discharge process, about
300%.Due to duplicate volume expansion and big stress caused by shrinking will lead to material dusting, structure collapses, then spread simultaneously
Lead to the reduction of the electrical contact between active material and current-collector, and then lead to the capacity attenuation of negative electrode of lithium ion battery, finally
Cause cycle performance of lithium ion battery bad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material and preparation method thereof, Jin Erti
The cycle life and high rate performance of high-lithium ion battery.
Realize technical solution of the invention are as follows: a kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material and its preparation side
Method, specific implementation step are as follows:
Step 1: crystalline silicon (Si NPs) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) are at cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)
It is that hydrolysis occurs under the action of catalyst to synthesize Si/SiO for surfactant, ammonium hydroxide2Particle;
Step 2: the Si/SiO that the first step is synthesized2Solvent is added in the carbon source (Glucosamine) of particle and N doping
In the mixed solution of water-ethanol, uniformly mixed solution is obtained after ultrasound, magnetic agitation;Finally it is frozen overnight drying;
Step 3: dry compound particle is obtained most with the heating rate high-temperature calcination of 5 DEG C/min under an argon atmosphere
Final product Si/SiO2/ NC composite material.
The first step, the present invention selected by elementary silicon be nanoscale (40-50nm), the silica shell thickness of synthesis can
It is controlled according to silicon source solubility.The mass ratio of crystalline silicon and tetraethyl orthosilicate is 1:6, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide: ammonium hydroxide
Volume ratio=1:48;
The first step, synthesis condition are magnetic agitation 6h under 40 DEG C of water-baths;
Second step, the Si/SiO that the present invention synthesizes2Si/SiO needed for/NC material2The mass ratio of particle and Glucosamine
For 1:1-1:2;
Second step, synthesis condition are ultrasound 2h, magnetic agitation 1h in a water bath, are freeze-dried 72h;
Third step, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h in argon atmosphere, heating rate are 5 DEG C/min.
Compared with prior art, the present invention its remarkable advantage is: the capacity of 1. materials of the invention is adjustable: being lived by adjusting
Property substance silicon content adjust lithium ion battery specific capacity;2. the stable structure of material of the invention: stable double-core shell knot
Structure effectively buffers the volume expansion of silicium cathode;3. material of the invention has good lithium ion transport performance: nano-silicon and mixing
The carbon-coating of miscellaneous nitrogen makes it have good lithium ion transport ability;4. preparation method of the present invention, simple strong operability;Lithium ion
Battery has high capacity, good high rate performance and long-life, the specific feasibility of the 4th promise experiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the X-ray diffractogram of the silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material of embodiment one.
Charge and discharge before the lithium ion battery that Fig. 2 assembles for the silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material of embodiment one three times
Curve graph.
The appearance of 20 circulations before the lithium ion battery that Fig. 3 assembles for the silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material of embodiment one
Amount-cycle-index curve graph.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
The preparation of negative electrode material:
1.Si/SiO2Synthesis: 0.15g Si NPs, 1g CTAB and 200ml dehydrated alcohol ultrasound point are added in beaker
Scattered 0.5h obtains uniformly mixed solution, then 24ml ammonia spirit is added in 40 DEG C of magnetic agitations.0.5ml TEOS is dissolved in 24.5ml
In dehydrated alcohol, TEOS solution is added dropwise in 2h.40 DEG C are continued to be stirred to react 6h.It is obtained after centrifugation, washing, drying
Si/SiO2Particle.
2. the 400mg Si/SiO of step 1 synthesis2Particle and 800mg Glucosamine be added to 50ml deionized water and
In 50ml alcohol mixed solution, ultrasonic 2h, then magnetic agitation 1h obtain uniformly mixed solution.By 80 DEG C of side stirrings of mixed solution
While evaporating to obtain slurry material, it is frozen overnight drying.
3. dried sample is put into tube furnace, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h of argon atmosphere, heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Most
After obtain target product Si/SiO2/ NC composite material.
The preparation of electrode: by products therefrom and super P, polyvinylidene fluoride with the weight ratio of 8:1:1, N- methylpyrrole
Alkanone is that solvent is modulated into uniform pulpous state, and then slurry is equably coated on the copper foil that alcohol wipe is crossed with scraper.In baking oven
In with 60-80 DEG C of drying 4-8h.It is moved into vacuum oven after the completion of drying, with 120-140 DEG C of vacuum drying 8-12h.Finally
Test pole piece is made in tabletting.
Electrode performance test: assembling button cell CR2032 carries out electro-chemical test.Battery assembly mode is as follows: with lithium piece
For to electrode, Celgard 2300 is diaphragm, and electrolyte is the ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate of 1M LiPF 6
(DMC) (1:1, volume ratio) solution, wherein 5v% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) is used as additive.Test condition is room temperature
Lower constant current charge-discharge, current density are 100mA g-1, control reference voltage 0.01-2V.
Embodiment two
The preparation of negative electrode material:
1.Si/SiO2Synthesis: 0.15g Si NPs, 1g CTAB and 200ml dehydrated alcohol ultrasound point are added in beaker
Scattered 0.5h obtains uniformly mixed solution, then 24ml ammonia spirit is added in 40 DEG C of magnetic agitations.0.5ml TEOS is dissolved in 24.5ml
In dehydrated alcohol, TEOS solution is added dropwise in 2h.40 DEG C are continued to be stirred to react 6h.It is obtained after centrifugation, washing, drying
Si/SiO2Particle.
2. the 400mg Si/SiO of step 1 synthesis2Particle and 400mg Glucosamine be added to 50ml deionized water and
In 50ml alcohol mixed solution, ultrasonic 2h, then magnetic agitation 1h obtain uniformly mixed solution.By 80 DEG C of side stirrings of mixed solution
While evaporating to obtain slurry material, it is frozen overnight drying.
3. dried sample is put into tube furnace, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h of argon atmosphere, heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Most
After obtain target product Si/SiO2/ NC composite material.
Embodiment three
The preparation of negative electrode material:
1.Si/SiO2Synthesis: 0.15g Si NPs, 1g CTAB and 200ml dehydrated alcohol ultrasound point are added in beaker
Scattered 0.5h obtains uniformly mixed solution, then 24ml ammonia spirit is added in 40 DEG C of magnetic agitations.0.5ml TEOS is dissolved in 24.5ml
In dehydrated alcohol, TEOS solution is added dropwise in 2h.40 DEG C are continued to be stirred to react 6h.It is obtained after centrifugation, washing, drying
Si/SiO2Particle.
2. the 400mg Si/SiO of step 1 synthesis2Particle and 800mg glucose are added to 50ml deionized water and 50ml second
In mixed alkoxide solution, ultrasonic 2h, then magnetic agitation 1h obtain uniformly mixed solution.80 DEG C of mixed solution are evaporated while stirring
Slurry material is obtained, drying is frozen overnight.
3. dried sample is put into tube furnace, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h of argon atmosphere, heating rate is 5 DEG C/min.Most
After obtain target product Si/SiO2/ C composite.
The principle of the present invention: traditional nucleocapsid Si-C composite construction cannot provide enough spaces to accommodate Li-Si alloy not
Evitable volume expansion.The present invention designs a kind of novel Si/SiO2/ NC double-nucleocapsid structure, it can effective buffer cycles mistake
Volume expansion in journey, wherein silicon core is the crystalline silicon of nanoscale (40nm~50nm), the amorphous silica of inner layer case
With enough mechanical strengths, outer shell had both increased its electric conductivity for N doped carbon shell, and cheap.N is adulterated in carbon material
Atom can change the structure of adjacent carbon atom and provide a large amount of surface defect, so as to improve the kinetics of carbon electrode.
So the carbon-coating of N doping improves electric conductivity, electronic conductivity increases active site, and also add interface stability.
Si/SiO2The volume expansion that/NC double-nucleocapsid structure can effectively buffer silicium cathode material improves the chemical property of lithium ion battery.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
Step 1: crystalline silicon and tetraethyl orthosilicate are cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is surfactant, ammonium hydroxide is catalysis
Hydrolysis occurs under the action of agent and synthesizes Si/SiO2Particle;
Step 2: the Si/SiO that the first step is synthesized2The mixed solution that solvent is water-ethanol is added in the carbon source of particle and N doping
In, uniformly mixed solution is obtained after ultrasound, magnetic agitation;Finally it is frozen overnight drying;
Step 3: dry compound particle is finally produced with the heating rate high-temperature calcination of 5 DEG C/min under an argon atmosphere
Object Si/SiO2/ NC composite material.
2. the preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the
One step, the crystalline silicon are nanoscale 40-50nm, and the mass ratio of crystalline silicon and tetraethyl orthosilicate is 1:6, cetyl
Trimethylammonium bromide: ammonium hydroxide volume ratio is=1:48.
3. the preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the
One step, synthesis condition are magnetic agitation 6h under 40 DEG C of water-baths.
4. the preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the
Two steps, carbon source are Glucosamine, Si/SiO2Si/SiO needed for/NC material2The mass ratio of particle and Glucosamine is 1:
1—1:2。
5. the preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the
Two steps, synthesis condition are ultrasound 2h, magnetic agitation 1h in a water bath, are freeze-dried 72h.
6. the preparation method of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the
Three steps, 800 DEG C of calcining 2h in argon atmosphere, heating rate are 5 DEG C/min.
7. a kind of double-core shell silicon substrate lithium ion battery negative material based on method described in any one of claims 1-6 preparation.
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Cited By (2)
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CN112038571A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2020-12-04 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Silicon monoxide composite negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN112670479A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped coaxial core-shell silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
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CN112670479A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-16 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped coaxial core-shell silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
CN112670479B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-08-09 | 惠州亿纬锂能股份有限公司 | Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped coaxial core-shell silicon-carbon negative electrode material, preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
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Application publication date: 20191129 |