CN110516869A - A kind of combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method for shipping field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan methods for shipping field, pass through the effective linking of high-speed rail-airline, combined airway railway traffic composite transport network is constructed, the technical advantage and the market advantage of high-speed railway and air transportation are incorporated, realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of the two.From the point of view of microcosmic angle, the promotion of express delivery industry service level is realized；Macroscopical aspect, realizes the promotion of the reasonable disposition, conevying efficiency of transport resource, the structure optimization of the comprehensive system of transport.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to transportation network design fields, and in particular to a kind of combined airway railway traffic for shipping field
Hinge network plan method.
Background technique
Combined airway railway traffic refers to air transportation and railway transportation be combined with each other, co-operating combined transportation mode, it will be high
The advantages that iron fast freight website is more, speed is fast, door-to-door combine the features such as aviation distance is transported, timeliness is strong, pass through high speed
Railway and airline are effectively connected, and construct combined airway railway traffic composite transport network, the two is had complementary advantages, realizes transport resource
Reasonable disposition, the promotion of conevying efficiency.Social economic development of region is realized in the optimization of comprehensive system of transport structure.
Develop the important component and the main direction of development that combined airway railway traffic is China's communications and transportation System Construction, building is empty
Iron through transport hinge network, integrates the technical advantage and the market advantage of high-speed railway and air transportation, realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of the two.
The purpose of can reach the promotion of carrier service level, road traffic environment and Improvement of Ecological Environment on microcosmic；Macroscopical aspect can
The promotion of the reasonable disposition, conevying efficiency of transport resource, the structure optimization of the comprehensive system of transport are realized, to realize regional society
The coordinated development of economic development.
The optimization construction method of existing combined airway railway traffic network mainly has:
(1) using overabsorption hinge median Problem model with mix gather planing method, building the combined airway railway traffic network planning
Model realizes network planning issue model solution with NCL and POEM；The program establishes combined airway railway traffic network using NCL language
The logistic model of middle distribution hinge median Problem, since inclusiveness of the NCL to model parameter is smaller, for combined airway railway traffic etc.
Complex network is difficult to portray, and is only applicable to more small-sized transport hub network establishment；
(2) from passenger's angle, with time sensitive travelling, cost and cost sensitive passenger spend ticket with strength
The summation of valence cost is minimum target function, constructs combined airway railway traffic Network Optimization Design model, and solve using AIMMS software,
Obtain the combined airway railway traffic network for time sensitive passenger and cost sensitive passenger；In this design scheme, passenger transport
There is bigger differences under the environment such as transport requirement, traffic condition with cargo transport, and consider the empty iron under single freight rate
Combined transport network does not simultaneously adapt to the cargo transport with more SKU, therefore adaptability is smaller；
(3) using the Consumer Surplus for maximizing domestic inter-city passengers as target, construct combined airway railway traffic network, find airport it
Between operation capacity distribution and high-speed rail network space layout optimal combination；The program passes through from the angle on airport
Seek the traffic capacity and space layout on airport, construct combined airway railway traffic network, there is geographical location limitation, universality is lower.
Above-mentioned existing design scheme is concentrated mainly on passenger transport field, needle for constructing the research of combined airway railway traffic network
It is less to the research in cargo transport field, and focus primarily upon and prove combined airway railway traffic feasibility scheduling theory research level.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned deficiency in the prior art, the combined airway railway traffic hinge network provided by the invention for shipping field is advised
It is low efficiency when the method for drawing is solved using single aviation or railway transportation cargo, at high cost, do not integrate systematically course line and
Railway resource carries out the problem of combined transportation is to adapt to different transportation environments.
In order to achieve the above object of the invention, a kind of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: empty iron connection for shipping field
Transport hinge network plan method, comprising the following steps:
S1, the node city for determining candidate combined airway railway traffic network, and combined airway railway traffic composite web is built according to its geographical location
Network；
S2, using central node theory, using transportation range as index to the node city in combined airway railway traffic composite network into
Row evaluation, and determine hinge city therein；
Combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs S3, prediction of combined airway railway traffic composite network interior joint city；
S4, according to the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between determining OD pairs of hinge city and each node city, it is multiple with combined airway railway traffic
The operation the lowest cost for closing network is target, constructs combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model；
S5, combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model is solved by traversal search algorithm, obtains combined airway railway traffic pivot
Knob network planning result.
Further, the step S3 specifically:
S31, according to the fast delivery data of history, pass through any two node city in Logit model prediction combined airway railway traffic composite network
The shipping share rate of combined airway railway traffic between city；
S32, the express delivery industry index of correlation data according to node city calculate combined airway railway traffic composite network by gravity model
Shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of interior joint city；
S33, according to shipping share rate and shipping sucting strength, to the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city into
Row prediction.
Further, in the step S31 combined airway railway traffic shipping share rate P (i) are as follows:
In formula, EXP () is transport product utility value function；
DiProduct utility value is transported for combined airway railway traffic；
DjProduct utility value is transported for non-combined airway railway traffic.
Further, the step S32 specifically:
S32-1, pass through Principal Component Analysis, determine the express delivery evaluation index of node city；
S32-2, using the express delivery evaluation index of each node city as trip occurrence quantity and reach traffic attraction, with any
The linear distance of two node cities constructs gravity model as traffic impedance；
S32-3, the gravity model based on building determine the shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city.
Further, express delivery evaluation index S in the step S32-1iCalculation formula are as follows:
In formula, ηαFor the variance contribution ratio of principal component α,
FiαFor the score of the principal component α of node city i；
N is the sum of principal component；
The gravity model constructed in the step S32-2 are as follows:
In formula, gijExpress delivery between node city i and node city j contacts angle value；
SiAnd SjThe express delivery evaluation index of respectively node city i and node city j；
RTijFor the linear distance between node city i and node city j；
In the step S32-3, the calculation formula of the traffic volume sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city are as follows:
In formula, GijIt is node city j to the express delivery sucting strength value of node city i.
Further, the step S33 specifically:
S33-1, using the history volume of goods transported of each node city as the input of BP neural network, prediction obtains corresponding node city
The express delivery amount in city；
S33-2, the average weight for determining the accounting of cross regional business and express delivery in each node city, and combine each node city
Shipping share rate and express delivery sucting strength between OD pairs, prediction obtain the express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city.
Further, the combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model constructed in the step S4 are as follows:
In formula, C is with the objective function of the operation the lowest cost of combined airway railway traffic composite network；
Min () is function of minimizing；
For the construction fixed cost and operation cost in center hinge city；
Wherein, CkFor the fixation construction cost of center hinge city k；WCkFor the operation cost of center hinge city k；DijFor node city
Express delivery amount between city i and node city j；Xl ikmjWhether led between node city i and node city j using l means of transportation
The decision variable for crossing central hub transport, if Xl ikmj=1, if otherwise Xl ikmj=0；I, j ∈ I, I are that node city is gathered, k,
M is candidate centers hinge city, and central hub city is at least k, one in m, k ∈ K, m ∈ M,K, M are equal
For hinge city gather；
For the transportation cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Wherein, DijFor node city i
To the express delivery amount of node city j；Cl ijThe transport directly directly transported with l means of transportation for node city i to node city j at
This；Xl ijIt with l means of transportation whether is the decision variable directly transported between start node city i and destination node city j,
X when directly transportingl ij=1, otherwise Xl ij=0；L is means of transportation, and l ∈ L, L are means of transportation set；
It is node city OD to needing to pass through central hub
The transportation cost of municipal transport；Wherein, ρ is there are produced when a central hub city in two node cities in the transport of certain section
Raw discount；Cl ikThe transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between node city i to central hub city k；γ is certain
Generated discount when two node cities are central hub city in section transport；Cl kmFor center hinge city k and center pivot
The transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between the m of knob city；Cl mjIt is transported between the hinge city m to node city j of center with l
Transportation cost caused by defeated mode；For the time cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Its
In, TCl ijTime cost when directly being transported between start node city i and destination node city j with l means of transportation；
In passing through between OD pairs of node city
The time cost of heart hinge municipal transport；Wherein, TCl ikWhen using l means of transportation between node city i and central hub city k
Time cost；TCl kmTime cost when l means of transportation is used between center hinge city k and central hub city m；TCl mj
Time cost when l means of transportation is used between the hinge city m to node city j of center；ZT is transhipment and convergence time cost；
XkmFor by whether a central hub city decision variable, work as k=m, then only by a central hub city, and Xkm
=1, as k ≠ m, then pass through a central hub city, and X incessantlykm=2.
Further, the combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model includes following constraint condition:
(1) the central hub city number constraint of combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model:
In formula, ykFor the central hub city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
P is the central hub city number of setting；
(2) the central hub city number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
(3) the non-hub node number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
In formula, ymFor the non-central hinge city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
Means of transportation constraint between (4) two node cities:
(5) using the transfer transport for passing through central hub city when, transfer only occurs in the constraint of central hub city:
In formula, Yk、YmIt is the decision variable whether hinge city k or hinge city m are chosen as central hub city, if
It is then Yk=1 or Ym=1, otherwise Yk=0 or Ym=0；
(6) the constant constraint of cargo transport flow:
Further, the step S5 specifically:
S51, candidate centers hinge city gather M is determined according to N number of hinge city；
The candidate centers hinge city gather are as follows: M={ m1,m2,m3,...,mN,}；
S52, from hinge city centered on P hinge city optional in candidate centers hinge city gather M, obtain
Kind central hub city selection scheme, and be t to every kind of selection scheme number；
The selection scheme number To select P central hub city pair from N number of hinge city
The selection scheme quantity answered, and P < N；
S53, t=1 is enabled, calculates the optimal objective function value C under current options1, and as initial optimal solution
C*, and calculate C1With the ratio of C*
S54, it enables the quantity of t increase by 1, obtains the target function value C under current optionst+1, and record current's
Value；
S55, step S54 is repeated, untilOutput obtains minimumWithCorresponding target function value Ct, center
The combination of hinge city, transportation route and means of transportation, and as combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning result.
The invention has the benefit that
Combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method provided by the invention for shipping field, passes through high-speed rail-airline
Effective linking, construct combined airway railway traffic composite transport network, incorporate technical advantage and the market of high-speed railway and air transportation
Advantage realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of the two.From the point of view of microcosmic angle, the promotion of express delivery industry service level is realized；Macroscopical aspect, it is real
The promotion of the reasonable disposition, conevying efficiency of transport resource, the structure optimization of the comprehensive system of transport are showed.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method flow chart provided by the invention for shipping field.
Fig. 2 means of transportation schematic diagram between OD pairs of node city provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
A specific embodiment of the invention is described below, in order to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art this hair
It is bright, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the ranges of specific embodiment, for those skilled in the art,
As long as various change is in the spirit and scope of the present invention that the attached claims limit and determine, these variations are aobvious and easy
See, all are using the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the column of protection.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method for shipping field, comprising the following steps:
S1, the node city for determining candidate combined airway railway traffic network, and combined airway railway traffic composite web is built according to its geographical location
Network；
S2, using central node theory, using transportation range as index to the node city in combined airway railway traffic composite network into
Row evaluation, and determine hinge city therein；
Combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs S3, prediction of combined airway railway traffic composite network interior joint city；
S4, according to the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between determining OD pairs of hinge city and each node city, it is multiple with combined airway railway traffic
The operation the lowest cost for closing network is target, constructs combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model；
S5, combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model is solved by traversal search algorithm, obtains combined airway railway traffic pivot
Knob network planning result.
In embodiments of the present invention, when determining the node city of combined airway railway traffic network in step S1 in China, lead to
It crosses and sets some column filter standards and screening step, to determine node city, screening criteria is successively are as follows:
Standard 1: opening high-speed rail, airport city at present, and administrative unit is that prefecture-level city or more, GDP are located at 1 before the province of place；
Standard 2: has the countries/regions flow policy inclination city of high-speed rail, airport；
Standard 3: has the provincial capital of high-speed rail, airport；
Screening criteria are as follows:
Step 1: meeting all three screening criterias；
Step 2: meeting standard 1, standard 2；
Step 3: meeting standard 1, standard 3 (is not present while meeting the city of standard 1 and standard 3 after the first step and second step
City)；
Step 4: meeting standard 2, standard 3；
Above-mentioned screening criteria and screening step are applied into all cities in China, available 28 meet above-mentioned standard
Node city, respectively Harbin, Changchun, Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Taiyuan, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha, south
Rather, Xi'an, Chengdu, Chongqing, Kweiyang, Lanzhou, Kunming, Dalian, Qingdao, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Shenyang, Jinan, Foochow, Guangzhou, on
Sea, Hefei.
In embodiments of the present invention, multimodal transport hinge network is compared to efficiency that common means of transportation has, cost
Etc. advantages, largely generated just because of the presence of network backbone knob node, cargo by hinge assemble after
Be sent to next destination so that the cargo transport based on hinge has certain transportation scale benefit, and cargo at the hinge in
Turn, scheduling keeps the operation of whole network smooth.Therefore, the rational deployment of multimodal transport network backbone knob will be to whole network
Operation have an important influence on.Central hub city is arranged in rational position in a network, so that the network transport based on hinge
Path is optimised；Suitable number of hinge is set, it, also can Logistics networks while making network settings costs keep reasonable
Smooth operation.Complex network correlation theory will be utilized in embodiment, construct static network centrality index system and utilized excellent
Inferior solution Furthest Neighbor carries out overall merit, and then obtains hinge city as candidate centers hinge city.Centrality reflects sky iron
The relative importance of each node in through transport composite network is the basic theory of complex network research.In graph theory and network point
In analysis, the central characteristic index of node each in figure is described there are many kinds of methods, selection degree centrality, betweenness center
Property, degree of approach centrality, k-shell method and five indexs of node capacity refer to as the node center in screening hinge city
Mark carries out high-speed rail Transport Network Node importance index and air transportation network node importance index compound, it is contemplated that fortune
Defeated distance is the important factor in order of transportation modes selection, therefore is considered using intercity haul distance as the power of comprehensive evaluation index
Weight.According to compound network node centrality overall target evaluation result, choose taken the first eight place in 28 node cities city into
Enter candidate hinge key city set；I.e. combined airway railway traffic network hinge city be respectively Beijing, Shanghai, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Nanjing,
Jinan, Xi'an, Changsha.
In embodiments of the present invention, to the combined airway railway traffic shipping share rate between OD pairs of node city, shipping in step S3
Sucting strength and the volume of goods transported of each node city are started with, and are predicted the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs of node city.
In embodiments of the present invention, the express delivery amount between obtaining OD pairs of all node cities and the base in hinge city is determined
On plinth, combined airway railway traffic network design planning problem is converted to the multistage of known central hub city Candidate Set in step S4-S5
The planning problem of through transport hinge network, the problem be a typical P-hub median Problem, be based on traversal search algorithm to its into
Row solves, and determines tool when shipping between OD pairs of core candidate city and each node city in combined airway railway traffic network planning model
Body intermodal.
Embodiment 2:
Step S3 in above-described embodiment 1 specifically:
S31, according to the fast delivery data of history, pass through any two node city in Logit model prediction combined airway railway traffic composite network
The shipping share rate of combined airway railway traffic between city；
S32, the express delivery industry index of correlation data according to node city calculate combined airway railway traffic composite network by gravity model
Shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of interior joint city；
S33, according to shipping share rate and shipping sucting strength, to the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city into
Row prediction.
In embodiments of the present invention, when determining shipping share rate by Logit model, key is to determine characteristic function
Linear equation, in the analysis owner of cargo to the possibility of transport product in the embodiment of the present invention -- on the basis of satisfaction, with transport product
Effectiveness value function improves the characteristic function in Logit model；Before to the prediction of node city shipping share rate, present invention assumes that
(1) transportation range is to simplify workload, takes the linear transport distance of point-to-point transmission；
(2) under normal conditions, high-speed rail --- through air transport is usually the branch road transportation transported high-speed rail as air transportation
Treat, i.e., high-speed rail shipping is the route supplement to airfreight, rather than rival.And either airfreight or height
Iron-through air transport can realize that timeliness strongest " next day reaches " transports for stream product level；
(3) the case where combined transport network in embodiments of the present invention is planned, allows any intercity direct transport, that is, allow
Non- hinge is intercity to be directly connected to by high-speed rail or air transportation；
Based on above 3 points, combined airway railway traffic is merged consideration with air transportation, high-speed rail shipping by the present invention, and the two is referred to as
Combined airway railway traffic；Therefore, the combined airway railway traffic in the present invention substantially includes aviation and railway combined haulage and highway transportation；Specifically,
When determining transport product utility value function, by investigating to 30 Express firms in all parts of the country, and effectiveness value function is determined
The basic index of items: where the safety index of aviation and railway combined haulage takes 0.9, and freight rate value of utility takes 0.012, when
When haul distance<500km, transport timeliness value of utility takes 0.1, and as haul distance>500km, transport timeliness value of utility takes 0.6, GDP effectiveness
Value takes 1；The safety index of highway transportation takes 0.7, and freight rate value of utility takes 1, and as haul distance < 500km, transport timeliness value of utility is taken
0.8, as haul distance > 500km, transport timeliness value of utility takes 0.3, GDP value of utility to take 0.9；
According to These parameters, the product utility value A1 of aviation and railway combined haulage is obtained are as follows:
A1=B1 × (C1+D1) × (E1+F1)
In formula, B1 is the freight rate value of utility of aviation and railway combined haulage；
C1 is the timeliness value of utility of aviation and railway combined haulage；
D1 is starting point node city GDP；
D2 is peripheral node city's GDP；
The product utility value A2 of aviation and railway combined haulage are as follows:
A2=B2 × (C2+D2) × (E2+F2) × 0.9
Therefore the shipping share rate P (i) of combined airway railway traffic in step S31 is obtained are as follows:
In formula, EXP () is transport product utility value function；
DiProduct utility value is transported for combined airway railway traffic；
DjProduct utility value is transported for non-combined airway railway traffic.
In embodiments of the present invention, gravity model is widely used steric interaction capability model, that is, is used to analyze
With prediction steric interaction ability mathematical model, and be applied to communication and logistics direction gravity model be according to any two section
The volume of goods transported between OD pairs of city of point is directly proportional to departure place cargo diverging ability, arrival ground cargo absorbability, with two sections
Journey time, expense, distance etc. are directly proportional, establish future transportation forecast of distribution model；Therefore, above-mentioned steps S32 specifically:
S32-1, pass through Principal Component Analysis, determine the express delivery evaluation index of node city；
Wherein, express delivery evaluation index SiCalculation formula are as follows:
In formula, ηαFor the variance contribution ratio of the α principal component,
FiαFor the score of the α principal component of node city i；Fiα=Qα+λi, QαFor the specific composition of the α principal component,
λiFor the evaluation index matrix of node city i；
N is the sum of principal component；
S32-2, using the express delivery evaluation index of each node city as trip occurrence quantity and reach traffic attraction, with any
The linear distance of two node cities constructs gravity model as traffic impedance；
The Principle Method of gravity model applied to communication and logistics direction is according to the volume of goods transported between OD pairs of any two and to go out
It is directly proportional to send out cargo generating ability and the arrival cargo attraction power in area on ground, with the journey time in two sections (or expense, distance
Deng) the future transportation forecast of distribution model established of the relationship that is inversely proportional.According to gravity model formula, to be calculated in previous step
Each city express delivery evaluation index as trip occurrence quantity and reach traffic attraction, with the straight line of any two node city
Distance is used as traffic impedance, constructs gravity model are as follows:
In formula, gijExpress delivery between node city i and node city j contacts angle value；
SiAnd SjThe express delivery evaluation index of respectively node city i and node city j；
RTijFor the linear distance between node city i and node city j；
S32-3, the gravity model based on building determine the shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city.
Wherein, the calculation formula of the traffic volume sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city are as follows:
In formula, GijIt is node city j to the express delivery sucting strength value of node city i.
In embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned steps S33 specifically:
S33-1, using the history volume of goods transported of each node city as the input of BP neural network, prediction obtains corresponding node city
The express delivery amount in city；
When carrying out prediction technique selection, it is contemplated that traditional prediction technique includes exponential smoothing, trend-based forecasting, ash
The methods of color prediction model is usually made prediction only in accordance with the variation tendency of data, and BP neural network has realization complexity is non-to reflect
The function of penetrating, is able to carry out autonomous learning, to realize the diminution of error, is highly suitable for by the finger under multifactor collective effect
Mark budget.Thus, the embodiment of the present invention selects BP neural network to carry out the prediction of express delivery amount, it is contemplated that express delivery industry is as service
Type industry, the ground such as express delivery amount and regional national economy level, the total retail sales of consumer goods, population, a volume of goods transported
Area's Country reading has very big correlation, when carrying out data prediction with BP neural network, it is contemplated that above data
The convenience and accuracy of acquisition；Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of prediction result, in addition to using the history volume of goods transported as input
Outside, node city history gross national product, total retail sales of consumer goods etc. are also input to BP mind as reference input
Through the predicted value in network, obtaining express delivery amount.
S33-2, the average weight for determining the accounting of cross regional business and express delivery in each node city, and combine each node city
Shipping share rate and express delivery sucting strength between OD pairs, prediction obtain the express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city.
In embodiments of the present invention, higher based on certain means of transportation shipping share rate, then certain means of transportation is competing between OD pairs
It is stronger (big to freight traffic volume sucting strength) to strive power, i.e. bigger (the express delivery between OD pairs of each node city of freight market share
Increase), the express delivery sucting strength between knowing OD pairs by combined airway railway traffic shipping share rate, in addition main node in combined airway railway traffic network
The express delivery premeasuring in city, the express delivery premeasuring between OD pairs of combined airway railway traffic can be calculated.
Embodiment 3:
The express delivery amount between OD pairs of several hinge cities and several node cities is obtained based on foregoing teachings, and then with this
Based on, it constructs combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model and it is solved；Specifically, when constructing model and solving,
Combined airway railway traffic network design planning problem is switched to the multimodal transport hinge Network Optimization Design problem of known hinge Candidate Set, i.e.,
For a typical P-hub median Problem.
The research of multi-stag combined transport network is usually abstracted as the network N=(I, L, H, C) with weight, and then with figure
The correlation theory of opinion is studied.I indicates node collection, I={ 1,2 ..., n }；L indicates means of transportation set, in combined airway railway traffic
Only consider that the line haul between big city is transported without consideration dispatching and consolidating the load in research, therefore L={ L in the present invention1,L2,
Middle L1Indicate high-speed rail transport, L2Indicate air transportation.H indicates to transport the required cost consumed between network node；C indicates network
In the capacity of each node and line.The design planning problem of combined airway railway traffic network i.e. it is abstract turn to meet restriction condition before
It puts, minimum cost path problem.In order to preferably tally with the actual situation and be convenient for model solution, assumed as follows:
(1) as shown in Fig. 2, for the transport between any two OD node there may be: a, be directly connected to；B, pass through one
Hub node changes to the different transport shifts of another means of transportation or same means of transportation, reaches final destination；C, lead to
Two transit nodes are crossed, changes to, arrives at the destination twice.
(2) assume that there are a hub nodes for two nodes in the transport of certain section, because of discount factor caused by scale and benefit
Take ρ；Two nodes are hub nodes in certain section of transport, because the discount factor that scale and benefit generate is γ；Two in the transport of certain section
A node is non-hub node, without discount, and γ≤ρ < 1.
(3) combined airway railway traffic process transhipment linking cost is contained in the operation cost of hinge, and taking a unit is yuan/ton
Operation average value, i.e. it is hard to turn the transhipments such as high-speed rail, high-speed rail feeder aircraft linking cost variance, hinge hypothesis aircraft feeder aircraft, aircraft
Part condition difference is put aside.
(4) capacity limit of network connectivity is put aside.
Thus the combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model constructed in step S4 is obtained are as follows:
In formula, C is with the objective function of the operation the lowest cost of combined airway railway traffic composite network；
Min () is function of minimizing；
For the construction fixed cost and operation cost in center hinge city；
Wherein, CkFor the fixation construction cost of center hinge city k；WCkFor the operation cost of center hinge city k；DijFor node city
Express delivery amount between city i and node city j；Xl ikmjWhether led between node city i and node city j using l means of transportation
The decision variable for crossing central hub transport, if Xl ikmj=1, if otherwise Xl ikmj=0；I, j ∈ I, I are that node city is gathered, k,
M is candidate centers hinge city, and central hub city is at least k, one in m, k ∈ K, m ∈ M,K, M are equal
For hinge city gather；
For the transportation cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Wherein, DijFor node city i
To the express delivery amount of node city j；Cl ijThe transport directly directly transported with l means of transportation for node city i to node city j at
This；Xl ijIt with l means of transportation whether is the decision variable directly transported between start node city i and destination node city j,
X when directly transportingl ij=1, otherwise Xl ij=0；L is means of transportation, and l ∈ L, L are means of transportation set；
It is node city OD to needing to pass through central hub
The transportation cost of municipal transport；Wherein, ρ is there are produced when a central hub city in two node cities in the transport of certain section
Raw discount；Cl ikThe transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between node city i to central hub city k；γ is certain
Generated discount when two node cities are central hub city in section transport；Cl kmFor center hinge city k and center pivot
The transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between the m of knob city；Cl mjIt is transported between the hinge city m to node city j of center with l
Transportation cost caused by defeated mode；For the time cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Its
In, TCl ijTime cost when directly being transported between start node city i and destination node city j with l means of transportation；
In passing through between OD pairs of node city
The time cost of heart hinge municipal transport；Wherein, TCl ikWhen using l means of transportation between node city i and central hub city k
Time cost；TCl kmTime cost when l means of transportation is used between center hinge city k and central hub city m；TCl mj
Time cost when l means of transportation is used between the hinge city m to node city j of center；ZT is transhipment and convergence time cost；
XkmFor by whether a central hub city decision variable, work as k=m, then only by a central hub city, and Xkm
=1, as k ≠ m, then pass through a central hub city, and X incessantlykm=2.
Based on above-mentioned several it is assumed that setting combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model includes following constraint condition:
(1) the central hub city number constraint of combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model:
In formula, ykFor the central hub city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
P is the central hub city number of setting；
(2) the central hub city number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
(3) the non-hub node number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
In formula, ymFor the non-central hinge city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
Means of transportation constraint between (4) two node cities:
(5) using the transfer transport for passing through central hub city when, transfer only occurs in the constraint of central hub city:
In formula, Yk、YmIt is the decision variable whether hinge city k or hinge city m are chosen as central hub city, if
It is then Yk=1 or Ym=1, otherwise Yk=0 or Ym=0；
(6) the constant constraint of cargo transport flow:
Embodiment 4:
Traversal search algorithm principle in the step S5 of above-described embodiment 1 is simple, and it is convenient to realize, computational accuracy is relative to opening
Hairdo algorithm is higher, today of certain computing capability is had been provided in personal computer processor, at traversal search algorithm
It manages the lower problem in science of some complexities and has certain reasonability.
The basic ideas of model solution are carried out with traversal search algorithm: firstly, according to determining candidate hinge centromere
Point city collection M；Secondly, the optional P city hub node the most from the set of candidate hub node key city, is searched using traversal
Rope algorithm traversal calculates present pivot node as (including the hub node of minimum cost path between each OD pairs under network transshipment center
Build fixed cost, operation cost, time cost etc.), show that each city is as pivot in hinge Candidate Set by loop iteration
Optimal solution when knob, wherein the smallest optimal solution is required；Finally, analysis and solution is as a result, obtain each city of combined airway railway traffic network
Specific through transport path between city pair.
Therefore, step S5 in the embodiment of the present invention specifically:
S51, candidate centers hinge city gather M is determined according to N number of hinge city；
The candidate centers hinge city gather are as follows: M={ m1,m2,m3,...,mN,}；
S52, from hinge city centered on P hinge city optional in candidate centers hinge city gather M, obtain
Kind central hub city selection scheme, and be t to every kind of selection scheme number；
The selection scheme number To select P central hub city pair from N number of hinge city
The selection scheme quantity answered, and P < N；
S53, t=1 is enabled, calculates the optimal objective function value C under current options1, and as initial optimal solution
C*, and calculate C1With the ratio of C*；
Wherein,
S54, it enables the quantity of t increase by 1, obtains the target function value C under current optionst+1, and record current's
Value；
S55, step S54 is repeated, untilOutput obtains minimumWithCorresponding target function value Ct, center
The combination of hinge city, transportation route and means of transportation, and as combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning result.
Embodiment 5:
It provides in this embodiment and through the above scheme national combined airway railway traffic hinge network is planned and solved
Example:
For the construction cost of logistics hinge, presently, there are data it is less, the crow that the present invention is completed with reference to newest construction
Lu Muqi and Xuzhou national level logistics hinge, taking the construction fixed cost of central hub is 3 × 108Member.According to investigation, center pivot
The average operation cost of knob is 20 yuan/ton.Express delivery amount D between the OD of cityijIt is found out by S33.According to global air transportion price index,
Airfreight price is about 9 yuan/ton/km, by investigation, high-speed rail Cargo transportation hub (consigning price with high-speed rail) is about 2.5 yuan/
Ton/km；Moreover, it is assumed that for two nodes when being central hub, freight rate discount is 0.4 in certain section of transport, during one of them is
Heart hinge is that freight rate discount is 0.6, in conjunction with the distance matrix between node, it can be deduced that two kinds of means of transportation are in any two node
Between operation cost Cl ij, Cl ik, Cl km, Cl mj.Highway transportation cargo valence is often significantly larger than using the value of goods of air transportation
Value, the national delivery industry unit express delivery magnitude of value is 536.97 yuan/kg within 2018, for convenience of calculating, it is assumed that unit express delivery at present
The magnitude of value is 600 yuan/kg, and cargo day rate of depreciation is 0.04%, i.e. 10 yuan/ton/hour, takes high-speed rail fast freight to transport speed per hour and (includes
Load and unload the times such as goods, safety check) it is 200km/h, it is 700km/h that speed per hour (including the times such as handling goods, safety check) is transported in airfreight,
By combining each nodal distance matrix, the time cost of each two kinds of means of transportation of node can be obtained.Assuming that combined airway railway traffic is held in the mouth
Connecing the time is 4 hours, i.e., linking cost of wheeling is 4 × 10=40 yuan/ton.
National hinge city sky iron connection is obtained using Matlab software to network planning model solution according to above data
Fortune means of transportation, path are as follows:
Table 1: transportation route and means of transportation between main cities
According to the combined airway railway traffic network planning as a result, on the whole from macro network, it can be deduced that following Main Conclusions: take P
When=4, that is, selecting hinge centered on 4 cities is respectively Beijing, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Xi'an；In east and East Coastal city
City compact district, major metropolitan such as Beijing, Shanghai and Nanjing, Wuhan, Jinan, Hangzhou etc. may be implemented between the two directly substantially
High-speed rail transport；Because Wuhan, Zhengzhou are respectively at Chinese south and north geographical location center, combined airway railway traffic network is hollow, iron transfer
Most frequent hinge is Wuhan and Zhengzhou.This two cities have started the layout of buildings of combined airway railway traffic Cargo Terminal at present；By
In the Northeast far from motherland innerland farther out, express delivery amount is smaller, and national most cities and Shenyang, Changchun, Harbin etc. are eastern
The combined airway railway traffic transport in northern city needs transfer 2 times and substantially dallies empty.
From the point of view of hinge city, for most frequent Wuhan is transported by combined airway railway traffic, Wuhan is located at national geographic center area
The southeast --- southwest, North China --- southwest, the southeast and East China --- southwest, southeast cargo transport sky iron connection are mainly accepted in position
Fortune task is operated, predominantly based on sky-iron transfer, there is the case where a small amount of idle running is empty or iron turns iron, this is because ordinary circumstance
Under, under the big superiority condition for being located at southern china geographic center position, high-speed rail leads to each City of South China distance in Wuhan
Relatively close, air transportation timeliness sexual clorminance is not obvious, and high-speed rail freight shipments cost is well below airfreight, in combined airway railway traffic
The same day be can be realized up under the premise of transport task, it is very bright as the combined airway railway traffic bring cost advantage of hinge transfer using Wuhan
It is aobvious.
From the point of view of non-hinge city, by taking Chengdu as an example, for surrounding cities, such as Xi'an, Chongqing, Kunming are all made of high-speed rail
Directly transport.Cargo output facet, be sent to southeastern coast, East China cargo by air transportation reach Wuhan, in Wuhan
Transfer, and change to high-speed rail and transport destination to；And be sent to North China area cargo and mainly pass through Xi'an transfer, it is transported by high-speed rail
Aircraft, which is transferred to, behind arrival Xi'an goes to destination；Being sent to the Northeast's cargo needs transfer twice, Central Terminal Station respectively Xi'an with
Beijing；Cargo input aspect, more similar with the cargo way of output, North China, northeast cargo pass through air transportation and are sent to Xi'an
After turn high-speed rail and transport to Chengdu, southeastern coast, East China city are sent to by high-speed rail transport transfers to aircraft behind Wuhan and transports to Chengdu.
The invention has the benefit that
Combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method provided by the invention for shipping field, passes through high-speed rail-airline
Effective linking, construct combined airway railway traffic composite transport network, incorporate technical advantage and the market of high-speed railway and air transportation
Advantage realizes the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of the two.From microcosmic angle, the promotion of express delivery industry service level is realized；Macroscopical aspect,
Realize the promotion of the reasonable disposition, conevying efficiency of transport resource, the structure optimization of the comprehensive system of transport.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method for shipping field, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the node city for determining candidate combined airway railway traffic network, and combined airway railway traffic composite network is built according to its geographical location；
S2, using central node theory, the node city in combined airway railway traffic composite network is commented using transportation range as index
Valence, and determine hinge city therein；
Combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs S3, prediction of combined airway railway traffic composite network interior joint city；
S4, according to the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between determining OD pairs of hinge city and each node city, with combined airway railway traffic composite web
The operation the lowest cost of network is target, constructs combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model；
S5, combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model is solved by traversal search algorithm, obtains combined airway railway traffic hinge net
Network program results.
2. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 1 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State step S3 specifically:
S31, according to the fast delivery data of history, by any two node city in Logit model prediction combined airway railway traffic composite network it
Between combined airway railway traffic shipping share rate；
S32, the express delivery industry index of correlation data according to node city are calculated in combined airway railway traffic composite network by gravity model and are saved
Shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of city of point；
S33, according to shipping share rate and shipping sucting strength, the combined airway railway traffic express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city is carried out pre-
It surveys.
3. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 2 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State the shipping share rate P (i) of combined airway railway traffic in step S31 are as follows:
In formula, EXP () is transport product utility value function；
DiProduct utility value is transported for combined airway railway traffic；
DjProduct utility value is transported for non-combined airway railway traffic.
4. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 3 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State step S32 specifically:
S32-1, pass through Principal Component Analysis, determine the express delivery evaluation index of node city；
S32-2, using the express delivery evaluation index of each node city as trip occurrence quantity and reach traffic attraction, with any two
The linear distance of node city constructs gravity model as traffic impedance；
S32-3, the gravity model based on building determine the shipping sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city.
5. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 4 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State express delivery evaluation index S in step S32-1iCalculation formula are as follows:
In formula, ηαFor the variance contribution ratio of principal component α,
FiαFor the score of the principal component α of node city i；
N is the sum of principal component；
The gravity model constructed in the step S32-2 are as follows:
In formula, gijExpress delivery between node city i and node city j contacts angle value；
SiAnd SjThe express delivery evaluation index of respectively node city i and node city j；
RTijFor the linear distance between node city i and node city j；
In the step S32-3, the calculation formula of the traffic volume sucting strength between OD pairs of each node city are as follows:
In formula, GijIt is node city j to the express delivery sucting strength value of node city i.
6. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 2 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State step S33 specifically:
S33-1, using the history volume of goods transported of each node city as the input of BP neural network, prediction obtains corresponding node city
Express delivery amount；
S33-2, the average weight for determining the accounting of cross regional business and express delivery in each node city, and combine each OD pairs of node city
Between shipping share rate and express delivery sucting strength, prediction obtain the express delivery amount between OD pairs of each node city.
7. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 2 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State the combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model constructed in step S4 are as follows:
In formula, C is with the objective function of the operation the lowest cost of combined airway railway traffic composite network；
Min () is function of minimizing；
For the construction fixed cost and operation cost in center hinge city；Its
In, CkFor the fixation construction cost of center hinge city k；WCkFor the operation cost of center hinge city k；DijFor node city i
Express delivery amount between the j of node city；Xl ikmjIn whether being passed through between node city i and node city j using l means of transportation
The decision variable of heart hinge transport, if Xl ikmj=1, if otherwise Xl ikmj=0；I, j ∈ I, I are node city set, and k, m are equal
For candidate centers hinge city, central hub city is at least k, one in m, k ∈ K, m ∈ M,K, M are pivot
Knob city gather；
For the transportation cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Wherein, DijFor node city i to section
The express delivery amount of point city j；Cl ijThe transportation cost directly directly transported with l means of transportation for node city i to node city j；
Xl ijIt with l means of transportation whether is the decision variable directly transported between start node city i and destination node city j, directly
X when transportl ij=1, otherwise Xl ij=0；L is means of transportation, and l ∈ L, L are means of transportation set；
It is node city OD to needing to transport by central hub city
Defeated transportation cost；Wherein, ρ is that there are foldings generated when a central hub city in two node cities in the transport of certain section
Button；Cl ikThe transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between node city i to central hub city k；γ is the transport of certain section
In two node cities generated discount when being central hub city；Cl kmFor center hinge city k and central hub city
The transportation cost caused by l means of transportation between m；Cl mjL means of transportation is used between the hinge city m to node city j of center
Generated transportation cost；For the time cost directly transported between OD pairs of node city；Wherein,
TCl ijTime cost when directly being transported between start node city i and destination node city j with l means of transportation；
To pass through center pivot between OD pairs of node city
The time cost of knob municipal transport；Wherein, TCl ikBetween node city i and central hub city k use l means of transportation when
Between cost；TCl kmTime cost when l means of transportation is used between center hinge city k and central hub city m；TCl mjFor in
Time cost when l means of transportation is used between heart hinge city m to node city j；ZT is transhipment and convergence time cost；XkmFor
By whether the decision variable in a central hub city, works as k=m, then only pass through a central hub city, and Xkm=1, when
K ≠ m then passes through a central hub city, and X incessantlykm=2.
8. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 7 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
Stating combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model includes following constraint condition:
(1) the central hub city number constraint of combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning model:
In formula, ykFor the central hub city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
P is the central hub city number of setting；
(2) the central hub city number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
(3) the non-hub node number constraint passed through in combined airway railway traffic hinge network:
In formula, ymFor the non-central hinge city being arranged in combined airway railway traffic network；
Means of transportation constraint between (4) two node cities:
(5) using the transfer transport for passing through central hub city when, transfer only occurs in the constraint of central hub city:
In formula, Yk、YmIt is the decision variable whether hinge city k or hinge city m are chosen as central hub city, if then
Yk=1 or Ym=1, otherwise Yk=0 or Ym=0；
(6) the constant constraint of cargo transport flow:
9. the combined airway railway traffic hinge network plan method according to claim 7 for shipping field, which is characterized in that institute
State step S5 specifically:
S51, candidate centers hinge city gather M is determined according to N number of hinge city；
The candidate centers hinge city gather are as follows: M={ m1,m2,m3,...,mN,}；
S52, from hinge city centered on P hinge city optional in candidate centers hinge city gather M, obtainKind center
Hinge city selection scheme, and be t to every kind of selection scheme number；
The selection scheme number It is corresponding to select P central hub city from N number of hinge city
Selection scheme quantity, and P < N；
S53, t=1 is enabled, calculates the optimal objective function value C under current options1, and as initial optimal solution C*, and
Calculate C1With the ratio of C*
S54, it enables the quantity of t increase by 1, obtains the target function value C under current optionst+1, and record currentValue；
S55, step S54 is repeated, untilOutput obtains minimumWithCorresponding target function value Ct, central hub
City combination, transportation route and means of transportation, and as combined airway railway traffic hinge network planning result.
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| CN114707918B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-04-07 | 西南交通大学 | Railway hierarchical node transportation method |
| CN114841424A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-02 | 合肥工业大学 | International multimodal transport reachability measurement method based on gravity model |
| CN115271260A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-01 | 西南交通大学 | Road-rail transport capacity prediction method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
| CN115271260B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-13 | 西南交通大学 | Road-rail transport capacity prediction method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
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