CN110514861B - High-speed rail running speed estimation method utilizing amplitude spectrum autocorrelation - Google Patents
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- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
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- G01V1/303—Analysis for determining velocity profiles or travel times
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-speed rail running speed estimation method utilizing amplitude spectrum autocorrelation, which is characterized in that a signal excited when a high-speed rail passes through is intercepted from seismic data of a single detector; fourier transform is carried out on the intercepted signals to obtain amplitude spectrums of the intercepted signals; calculating an energy spectrum accumulation function of the signal intercepted in the previous step, and determining an energy frequency interval; calculating an autocorrelation function of the signal amplitude spectrum; searching a maximum peak value, a second peak value and corresponding frequency in the autocorrelation function, and further obtaining a frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value; and obtaining the estimation of the running speed of the high-speed train by using the frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value and the length of the single carriage of the high-speed train.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of exploration geophysics, and particularly relates to a high-speed rail running speed estimation method utilizing amplitude spectrum autocorrelation.
Background
At present, the business mileage of the Chinese high-speed rail reaches 3.1 kilometres, which is close to 70 percent of the total business mileage of the world high-speed rail. And starting at 7-month and 10-day zero in 2019, implementing a new train operation diagram on railways in China, and running more than 3000 pairs of motor train unit trains every day. The high-speed train runs on a high-speed railway, and the running speed of the high-speed train is an important parameter for reflecting the running safety of the train and is also a key for subsequently utilizing the high-speed train to cause a vibration signal. The existing method for acquiring the running speed of the high-speed train mainly comprises the following steps:
prior art 1: the train running speed is obtained by using the vehicle-mounted equipment, namely the train running speed can be obtained by directly using a tachometer on the train, but the speed of the train passing through a certain position cannot be determined. In addition, the GPS equipment carried by the high-speed train can provide the train speed and the real-time position of the train. The equipment required by the method is installed on a train, so the permission of a high-speed railway department is required.
Prior art 2: video, optical, radar and other equipment are installed in a high-speed rail line isolation area, and commonly used external speed measurement systems and methods include a speed estimation system based on a camera, a train speed estimation method based on an optical sensor or two vibration sensors, a radar speed measurement method utilizing a Doppler effect, a speed estimation method based on wheel counting and the like. The above method requires installation in a position where the rails can be seen, and permission to access the isolation zone and install equipment in the isolation zone.
Prior art 3: the method based on amplitude spectrum template matching is characterized in that a geophone is embedded outside a high-speed rail line isolation area, then the amplitude spectrum of signals received by the geophone and a preset series of amplitude spectrum templates are used for making cross correlation coefficients, and the speed corresponding to the maximum cross correlation function is selected as the estimation of the train running speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for estimating the operating speed of a high-speed rail by using amplitude spectrum autocorrelation, which only uses seismic data acquired by a single detector outside a high-speed rail line isolation region, estimates the operating speed of a train by using the amplitude spectrum autocorrelation of the acquired data, and provides data for subsequently judging the operating state of the train.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-speed rail running speed estimation method utilizing amplitude spectrum autocorrelation comprises the following steps:
s1, intercepting the excited signal when the high-speed rail passes through in the seismic data of the single detector;
s2, carrying out Fourier transform on the intercepted signal to obtain an amplitude spectrum of the intercepted signal;
s3, calculating an energy spectrum accumulation function of the intercepted signal in the step S2, and determining an energy frequency interval;
s4, calculating an autocorrelation function of the signal amplitude spectrum;
s5, searching a maximum peak value, a second peak value and corresponding frequency in the autocorrelation function, and further obtaining a frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value;
s6, obtaining the estimation of the running speed of the high-speed train by using the frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value and the length of the single carriage of the high-speed trainEvaluating vfinal。
Specifically, in step S2, assuming that the signal resulting from the high-speed rail operation is truncated is Y (t), the signal is fourier-transformed, and the amplitude spectrum | Y (ω) | is obtained as:
wherein, [ t ]1，t2]And y (t) is a time range corresponding to the effective signal acquired by the detector, the intercepted signal caused by the running of the high-speed rail, j is an imaginary unit omega and is frequency, and t is speed.
Specifically, step S3 specifically includes:
first, the total energy E of the intercepted signal is obtainedyThen, the upper frequency bound of the intercepted signal is calculated, and the square of the amplitude is accumulated from the zero value of the frequency until the accumulated value is equal to the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η1The corresponding frequency is the upper frequency bound omegamax(ii) a When acquiring the lower frequency bound, the accumulation is started from the upper frequency bound until the accumulated value and the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η2When the corresponding frequency is the lower frequency bound omegaminDetermining that 95% of energy is in a frequency interval [ omega ]min，ωmax]。
Further, the total energy E of the intercepted signalyComprises the following steps:
upper frequency bound omegamaxComprises the following steps:
lower frequency bound omegaminComprises the following steps:
specifically, in step S4, in the frequency range [ ω [ ]min，ωmax]Within the range, the autocorrelation function corr (u) of the signal amplitude spectrum | Y (ω) | is calculated as:
wherein, the value range of the autocorrelation function Corr (u) is [0,1 ].
Specifically, in step S5, the maximum peak, the second peak and the corresponding frequency are found in the autocorrelation function, and the frequency interval u between the maximum peak and the second peak is obtainedinterval。
Specifically, in step S6, the high-speed train operation speed vfinalComprises the following steps:
vfinal＝Luinterval
wherein L is the length of a single high-speed train car, uintervalThe frequency separation between the maximum peak and the second peak.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a method for estimating the running speed of a high-speed rail by using amplitude spectrum autocorrelation, which can realize the estimation of the running speed of a high-speed rail train by only using geophone data outside an isolation area. The method comprises the steps of firstly calculating an amplitude spectrum of a signal excited by the running of the high-speed rail train received by a detector, then calculating an autocorrelation function of the amplitude spectrum, then using a frequency interval between a maximum peak value and a second maximum peak value in the autocorrelation function, and finally estimating the running speed of the high-speed rail train by using the frequency interval. Compared with the conventional high-speed train speed estimation method, the method can conveniently obtain the running speed of the high-speed train only by relying on one geophone data outside the isolation area.
Furthermore, signals excited when high-speed rails pass through are intercepted from seismic data of the single detector, the speed of the train passing through the detector in each time is estimated favorably, and the calculation amount of the subsequent calculation of the amplitude spectrum is reduced favorably.
Furthermore, the energy spectrum accumulation function of the intercepted signal and the energy frequency interval are determined, so that the frequency range participating in the cross-correlation function calculation is favorably reduced, and the noise resistance of the method is favorably improved.
Further, an autocorrelation function of the signal amplitude spectrum is calculated, so that the subsequent determination of the interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value is facilitated; .
Furthermore, the maximum peak value, the second peak value and the corresponding frequency thereof are searched in the autocorrelation function, so that the frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value is obtained, and the most close variation in the train running speed and the signal frequency spectrum can be obtained.
Furthermore, the estimation of the running speed of the high-speed train is obtained by utilizing the frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value and the length of a single carriage of the high-speed train, and the accurate estimation of the running speed of the high-speed train is favorably obtained.
In conclusion, the method can effectively and quickly estimate the running speed of the high-speed rail train by using only one geophone data, has the characteristics of high reliability and the like by calculating an amplitude spectrum autocorrelation function, and provides a method independent of equipment in a vehicle-mounted/isolation area for detecting the running speed of the high-speed rail train.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a seismic signal of a high-speed rail source received by a single detector when the train 1 passes by;
FIG. 3 is an amplitude spectrum of a seismic signal of a high-speed rail source received by a single detector when the train 1 passes by;
fig. 4 is an autocorrelation function of the amplitude spectrum of the signal shown in fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a high-speed rail running speed estimation method by utilizing signal amplitude spectrum autocorrelation, which can realize the estimation of the running speed of a high-speed rail train by only utilizing geophone data outside an isolation area. Firstly, calculating an amplitude spectrum of a signal excited by the running of the high-speed rail train received by the detector, then calculating an autocorrelation function of the amplitude spectrum, then using a frequency interval between a maximum peak value and a second maximum peak value in the autocorrelation function, and finally estimating the running speed of the high-speed rail train by using the frequency interval. Compared with the conventional high-speed train speed estimation method, the method can conveniently obtain the running speed of the high-speed train only by relying on one geophone data outside the isolation area.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for estimating the running speed of a high-speed rail by using signal amplitude spectrum autocorrelation according to the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, intercepting the excited signal when the high-speed rail passes through in the seismic data of the single detector;
embedding a detector outside the high-speed rail circuit isolation area, intercepting the signal excited when the high-speed rail passes from the signal received by the detector when the high-speed rail passes, wherein the time range corresponding to the obtained effective signal is [ t [ ]1，t2]。
S2, carrying out Fourier transform on the intercepted signal to obtain an amplitude spectrum of the intercepted signal;
assuming that the signal caused by the intercepted high-speed rail operation is Y (t), performing Fourier transform on the signal to obtain an amplitude spectrum | Y (omega) | of the signal:
s3, calculating the accumulation function of the signal energy spectrum, and determining the frequency interval where most of the energy is located;
first, the total energy E of the signal is obtainedy：
The upper frequency bound of the signal is then calculated, the square of the amplitude being accumulated starting from zero at frequency until the accumulated value is summed with the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η1The corresponding frequency is the upper limit omega of the frequencymax：
Similarly, when acquiring the lower frequency bound, the accumulation may be started from the upper frequency bound until the accumulated value and the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η2The corresponding frequency is the lower bound omega of the frequencymin：
η will be mixed1And η2Set to 0.975 and 0.95, respectively, thus determining that 95% of the energy is in the frequency interval [ omega ]min，ωmax]。
S4, calculating an autocorrelation function of the signal amplitude spectrum;
in the frequency interval [ omega ]min，ωmax]Within the range, the autocorrelation function corr (u) of the signal amplitude spectrum | Y (ω) | is calculated as:
the value range of the autocorrelation function is between [0,1 ].
S5, searching a maximum peak value, a second peak value and corresponding frequency in the autocorrelation function, and further obtaining a frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value;
according to the characteristics of the autocorrelation function, the position of the maximum peak is generally at zero frequency, so that a second peak is found in the autocorrelation function and recorded as uintervalThe frequency interval between the maximum peak and the second peak is uinterval。
S6, using the frequency spacing u between the maximum peak and the second peakintervalAnd the length of a single carriage of the high-speed train to obtain the estimated v of the running speed of the high-speed trainfinal。
The high-speed train carriage is usually L meters (Chinese high-speed train carriage)Length typically 25 meters), and a frequency separation u between the maximum peak and the second peakintervalCan estimate the running speed v of the high-speed trainfinal：
vfinal＝Luinterval(6)
Wherein L is the length of a single high-speed train carriage, and the unit is meter.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention relates to a high-speed rail running speed estimation method by using speed scanning, which takes a signal received by a single low-frequency detector at a distance of 75m from a high-speed rail line when the high-speed rail passes as an example.
Table 1 shows the running speed of the high-speed train estimated by the method when 8 trains pass
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows a vibration signal caused by a high-speed rail seismic source received by a single detector when the train 1 passes by, where the sampling interval is 5ms and 3001 sampling points are provided. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 is an amplitude spectrum of a vibration signal caused by the passing of the train 1, fig. 4 is an autocorrelation function of the amplitude spectrum obtained from fig. 3, which can obtain a distance between a maximum peak and a second peak of 3.3396 hz, and obtain a train running speed of 83.49 m/s (i.e. 300.56 km/h) when the length of the train car is 25 m. The data received by a single detector when 8 trains pass by is analyzed by the method, and the obtained estimated speed value of the 8 trains is shown in table 1 and is consistent with the commercial operation speed of high-speed rails in China.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A high-speed rail running speed estimation method by using amplitude spectrum autocorrelation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, intercepting the excited signal when the high-speed rail passes through in the seismic data of the single detector;
s2, performing Fourier transform on the intercepted signal to obtain an amplitude spectrum of the signal, assuming that the intercepted signal caused by the operation of the high-speed rail is Y (t), performing Fourier transform on the signal to obtain an amplitude spectrum | Y (omega) | of the signal:
wherein, [ t ]1,t2]The time range corresponding to the effective signal acquired by the detector, y (t) is the intercepted signal caused by the running of the high-speed rail, and j is an imaginary number unit omega which is the frequency;
s3, calculating the energy spectrum accumulation function of the intercepted signal in the step S2, determining an energy frequency interval, and firstly obtaining the total energy E of the intercepted signalyThen, the upper frequency bound of the intercepted signal is calculated, and the square of the amplitude is accumulated from the zero value of the frequency until the accumulated value is equal to the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η1The corresponding frequency is the upper frequency bound omegamax(ii) a When acquiring the lower frequency bound, the accumulation is started from the upper frequency bound until the accumulated value and the total energy EyIs higher than the set retention η2When the corresponding frequency is the lower frequency bound omegaminDetermining that 95% of energy is in a frequency interval [ omega ]min,ωmax]Total energy E of the intercepted signalyComprises the following steps:
upper frequency bound omegamaxComprises the following steps:
lower frequency bound omegaminComprises the following steps:
s4, calculating an autocorrelation function of the signal amplitude spectrum;
s5, searching a maximum peak value, a second peak value and corresponding frequency in the autocorrelation function, and further obtaining a frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value;
s6, obtaining the estimated value v of the running speed of the high-speed train by using the frequency interval between the maximum peak value and the second peak value and the length of the single carriage of the high-speed trainfinal。
2. The method for estimating speed of operation of a high speed railway using amplitude spectrum autocorrelation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S4, the frequency interval [ ω ] is set tomin,ωmax]Within the range, the autocorrelation function corr (u) of the signal amplitude spectrum | Y (ω) | is calculated as:
wherein, the value range of the autocorrelation function Corr (u) is [0,1 ].
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises estimating a speed of operation of a high speed railway using amplitude spectrum autocorrelationIn step S5, the maximum peak, the second peak and the corresponding frequency are found in the autocorrelation function, and the frequency interval u between the maximum peak and the second peak is obtainedinterval。
4. The method for estimating a speed of operation of a high-speed railway using amplitude spectrum autocorrelation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the speed v of operation of the high-speed railway train in step S6finalComprises the following steps:
vfinal＝Luinterval
wherein L is the length of a single high-speed train car, uintervalThe frequency separation between the maximum peak and the second peak.
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