CN110514539B - Method for eliminating air layer influence in SHTB test clamping device - Google Patents

Method for eliminating air layer influence in SHTB test clamping device Download PDF

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CN110514539B
CN110514539B CN201910709723.1A CN201910709723A CN110514539B CN 110514539 B CN110514539 B CN 110514539B CN 201910709723 A CN201910709723 A CN 201910709723A CN 110514539 B CN110514539 B CN 110514539B
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CN110514539A (en
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黄瑞源
胡亮亮
秦健
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/001—Impulsive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0017—Tensile
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/0202—Control of the test
    • G01N2203/0212—Theories, calculations
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    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of impact dynamics, and particularly relates to a method for eliminating air layer influence in an SHTB test clamping device. The method comprises the following steps: step (1): considering that an air layer exists between the SHTB test clamping device and the test specimen, and simplifying an experiment model based on a uniformity assumption and a one-dimensional stress assumption; step (2): defining front and back interfaces of the air layer in the clamping section containing the air layer as different medium layer interfaces; and (3): the change of stress pulse under different medium layers is obtained by analyzing the problem of the transmission and reflection of stress waves in the rod in an experiment in different medium layers; and (4): and (3) correcting the incident wave, the transmission wave and the reflected wave signals obtained by the experiment according to the change of the stress pulse under the different medium layers in the step 3. According to the invention, the SHTB experimental device contains an air layer, the transflective analysis of stress waves in different dielectric layers is utilized, and the experimental data is corrected by eliminating the influence of the air layer, so that the accuracy of the experimental data of the SHTB experiment is improved.

Description

Method for eliminating air layer influence in SHTB test clamping device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of impact dynamics, and particularly relates to a method for eliminating air layer influence in an SHTB test clamping device.
Background
With the development of society and economy, more and more major projects benefiting the nation and the people are driven to be built. These structural projects are often tall and complex, carrying normal design loads while also having the ability to withstand extreme environmental effects or accidental events such as earthquakes, fires, explosions, bumps, etc. This requires a more complete understanding of the mechanical properties, especially the dynamic mechanical properties, of these structural engineering materials (e.g., metals, concrete, rock, etc.). The Hopkinson bar test system is used as an effective means for researching the dynamic mechanical property of the material, is widely applied in recent decades and becomes an important means for researching the dynamic mechanical property of the material, and mainly researches the mechanical property and behavior of the material under high strain rate. The experimental device has the advantages of simple structure, concise operation flow, ingenious measurement method and easy control of the waveform of the loading stress wave.
The dynamic mechanical properties of the material are divided into dynamic compression and dynamic tension mechanical properties, since a split Hopkinson pull rod was established by Harding in 1960, the split Hopkinson pull rod (SHTB) is an effective method for testing the tensile mechanical properties of the material under a high strain rate. The split Hopkinson pull rod experiment device is also continuously improved in the development of experiment technology, the connection of a test sample and a loading rod in the current SHTB is mainly threaded connection, the split Hopkinson pull rod experiment device belongs to a fixed connection mode, the complexity of the connection mode is high, the length of the test sample and the length of threads in the inner ring of the loading rod are often inconsistent, so that gaps can exist between the two ends of the test sample and the rod piece at the connection position, an air layer is reserved, and a stress pulse signal has large penetration and reflection at the interface of the air layer, so that a test error is caused.
The existing SHTB experimental data is processed on the basis of a one-dimensional stress hypothesis and a homogeneity hypothesis, an original measurement experimental data is processed by a two-wave method or a three-wave method, the loading rod and a test piece are considered to be tightly connected, and an air gap is not considered, so that the difference between the original measurement experimental data and the true stress state experienced by the test piece is ignored, and the dynamic mechanical property obtained through a separated Hopkinson pull rod test material is deviated from the actual state.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for eliminating the influence of an air layer in an SHTB test clamping device.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a method for eliminating the influence of an air layer in an SHTB test clamping device comprises the following steps:
step (1): considering that an air layer exists between the SHTB test clamping device and the test specimen, and simplifying an experiment model based on a uniformity assumption and a one-dimensional stress assumption;
step (2): defining front and back interfaces of the air layer in the clamping section containing the air layer as different medium layer interfaces;
and (3): the change of stress pulse under different medium layers is obtained by analyzing the problem of the transmission and reflection of stress waves in the rod in an experiment in different medium layers;
and (4): and (3) correcting the incident wave, the transmission wave and the reflected wave signals obtained by the experiment according to the change of the stress pulse under the different medium layers in the step 3.
Furthermore, in the step (2), the front and rear interfaces of the air layer are defined as different medium layer interfaces S1 and S2, the material contained in the S1 interface is air and a test rod, and the material contained in the S2 interface is air, a test rod and a test specimen.
Further, in the step (3), the stress pulse forms transmission and reflection at interfaces S1 and S2, and through the transmission and reflection at interfaces S1 and S2, the test measurement signal is different from the dynamic mechanical state to which the real test piece material is subjected.
Further, the stress wave in the step (3) is a tensile wave.
Further, the left-going stretching wave in the step (3) sequentially passes through interfaces S1 and S2, specifically:
step (3-1): when the stretching wave passes through the dielectric layer interface S1 to the left, a part of transmission and a part of reflection are generated, wherein the state of the transmission wave is sigmaT1Wave velocity of vT1The state of the reflected wave is σT1Wave velocity of vT1At the interface, two conditions will be met:
(a) at the interface, the internal forces of the two side rods are equal,
(b) at the interface, the particle velocity is continuous;
then there is
πR2(σ1+σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σTl
vl-vRl＝vT1
And due to speed
Figure BDA0002152779010000021
Then there is
Figure BDA0002152779010000022
The transmitted wave state obtained through the interface of S1 is obtained
Figure BDA0002152779010000031
Step (3-2): when the left transmitted wave passes through the interface S2 of different dielectric layers, a part of the transmitted wave is generated and a part of the transmitted wave is reflected back, wherein the state of the transmitted wave is sigmaT2Wave velocity of vT2(ii) a The state of the reflected wave is sigmaR2Wave velocity of vR2If the two conditions in step (3-1) are also satisfied, then:
π(R2-r2)(σT1-σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σR2
vT1-vR2＝vT2
and is composed of
Figure BDA0002152779010000032
Then one can get:
Figure BDA0002152779010000033
step (3-3): the left side of the interface S2 of different medium layers is provided with a loading rod and a test piece which are made of different materials, but the strain epsilon of the two is the same at the interface S2 due to the fixed connection, so that the stress epsilon is the same at the interface S2 of different medium layers
Figure BDA0002152779010000034
Figure BDA0002152779010000035
Wherein sigmaT testIs the state of stress in the test piece to obtain
Figure BDA0002152779010000036
Wherein the radius of the test piece is R, the radius of the loading rod is R, and the density of the test piece is rho1Wave velocity of the test piece is C1The modulus of elasticity of the test piece is E1Density of loading rod is rho0The wave velocity of the loading rod is C0The loading rod has a modulus of elasticity of C0The material parameter of the loading rod is E0When the end of the projecting rod generates a left-hand tensile wave, the state is stress sigma1Velocity v1。
Further, the step (4) of correcting the experimental data specifically includes: the incident wave epsilon can be obtained by the SHTB experimentiReflection wave epsilonrAnd transmitted wave epsilontBut not the mechanical loading to which the test piece is subjected, the actual corrected incident wave epsilonRepair iReflection wave epsilonrepair rAnd transmitted wave epsilont repairComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002152779010000037
Figure BDA0002152779010000038
Figure BDA0002152779010000039
compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
the existing test data processing method considers that the loading rod and the test piece are tightly connected, air gaps are not considered, but the existing test clamping device has the problem of air layer retention.
Drawings
The SHTB device model of fig. 1 simplifies and defines different media interfaces.
Fig. 2S 1 is a schematic view of the interface material composition.
Fig. 3S 2 is a schematic view of the interface material composition.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
A method for eliminating the influence of an air layer in an SHTB test clamping device comprises the following steps:
step 1: as shown in fig. 1, the SHTB device is simplified, the position of the air medium is determined, the front and rear interfaces of the air layer are defined as different medium layer interfaces S1, S2, the material contained in the interface S1 includes air and a loading rod, and the material contained in the interface S2 includes air, an experimental rod and an experimental specimen;
step 2: the radius of the test piece is known as R, the radius of the loading rod is known as R, and the density of the test piece is known as rho1Wave velocity of the test piece is C1The modulus of elasticity of the test piece is E1Density of loading rod is rho0The wave velocity of the loading rod is C0The loading rod has a modulus of elasticity of C0The material parameter of the loading rod is E0When the end of the projecting rod generates a left-hand tensile wave, the state is stress sigma1Velocity v1。
Step 2-1, when the stretching wave travels left through the interface S1 of different dielectric layers as shown in FIG. 2, a part of the transmission and a part of the reflection are generated, wherein the state of the transmitted wave is σT1Wave velocity of vT1The state of the reflected wave is σR1Wave velocity of vR1At the interface, two conditions will be met:
(1) at the interface, the internal forces of the two side rods are equal;
(2) at the interface, the particle velocity is continuous.
Then there is
πR2(01+σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σT1
v1-vR1＝vT1
And due to speed
Figure BDA0002152779010000051
Then there is
Figure BDA0002152779010000052
The state of the projection wave obtained through the S1 interface is
Figure BDA0002152779010000053
Step 2-2, when the left transmitted wave passes through the interface S2 of different dielectric layers as shown in FIG. 3, a part of the transmitted wave is generated and a part of the transmitted wave is reflected back, wherein the state of the transmitted wave is σT2Wave velocity of vT2(ii) a The state of the reflected wave is sigmaR2Wave velocity of vR2If the two conditions in step 2-1 are also satisfied, then:
π(R2-r2)(σT1-σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σR2
vT1-vR2＝vT2
and is composed of
Figure BDA0002152779010000054
Then one can get:
Figure BDA0002152779010000055
step 2-3, a loading rod and a test piece are arranged on the left side of the interface S2 of different medium layers, the material of the test piece is different from that of the loading rod, but the strain epsilon of the test piece and the strain epsilon of the test piece are the same at the interface S2 due to fixed connection, and then the stress epsilon is the same
Figure BDA0002152779010000056
Figure BDA0002152779010000057
Wherein sigmaT testFor the state of stress in the test piece, it is possible to obtain
Figure BDA0002152779010000058
And step 3: correction experiment for stress state in test piece obtained in step 2Data, incident wave ε can be obtained in SHTB experimentiReflection wave epsilonrAnd transmitted wave epsilontBut not the mechanical loading to which the test piece is subjected, the actual corrected incident wave epsilonRepair iReflection wave epsilonrepair rAnd transmitted wave epsilont repairIt should be:
Figure BDA0002152779010000059
Figure BDA00021527790100000510
Figure BDA00021527790100000511

Claims (3)

1. a method for eliminating the influence of an air layer in an SHTB test clamping device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): considering that an air layer exists between the SHTB test clamping device and the test specimen, and simplifying an experiment model based on a uniformity assumption and a one-dimensional stress assumption;
step (2): defining front and back interfaces of the air layer in the clamping section containing the air layer as different medium layer interfaces;
and (3): the change of stress pulse under different medium layers is obtained by analyzing the problem of the transmission and reflection of stress waves in the rod in an experiment in different medium layers;
and (4): correcting incident wave, transmission wave and reflected wave signals obtained by the experiment according to the change of the stress pulse in the step (3) under different medium layers;
in the step (2), the front and rear interfaces of the air layer are set to be different medium layer interfaces S1 and S2, the S1 interface contains air and a loading rod, and the S2 interface contains air, a loading rod and a test specimen;
the left-going stretching wave in the step (3) sequentially passes through interfaces S1 and S2, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step (3-1): when the stretching wave passes through the dielectric layer interface S1 to the left, a part of transmission and a part of reflection are generated, wherein the state of the transmission wave is sigmaT1Wave velocity of vT1The state of the reflected wave is σR1Wave velocity of vR1At the interface, two conditions will be met:
(a) at the interface, the internal forces of the two side rods are equal,
(b) at the interface, the particle velocity is continuous;
then there is
πR2(σ1+σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σT1
v1-vR1＝vT1
And due to speed
Figure FDA0003231588030000011
Then there is
Figure FDA0003231588030000012
The transmitted wave state obtained through the interface of S1 is obtained
Figure FDA0003231588030000013
Step (3-2): when the left transmitted wave passes through the interface S2 of different dielectric layers, a part of the transmitted wave is generated and a part of the transmitted wave is reflected back, wherein the state of the transmitted wave is sigmaT2Wave velocity of vT2(ii) a The state of the reflected wave is sigmaR2Wave velocity of vR2If the two conditions in step (3-1) are also satisfied, then:
π(R2-r2)(σT1-σR1)＝π(R2-r2)σR2
vT1-vR2＝vT2
and is composed of
Figure FDA0003231588030000021
Then one can get:
Figure FDA0003231588030000022
step (3-3): the left side of the interface S2 of different medium layers is provided with a loading rod and a test piece which are made of different materials, but the strain epsilon of the two is the same at the interface S2 due to the fixed connection, so that the stress epsilon is the same at the interface S2 of different medium layers
Figure FDA0003231588030000023
Figure FDA0003231588030000024
Wherein sigmaT testIs the state of stress in the test piece to obtain
Figure FDA0003231588030000025
Wherein the radius of the test piece is R, the radius of the loading rod is R, and the density of the test piece is rho1Wave velocity of the test piece is C1The modulus of elasticity of the test piece is E1Density of loading rod is rho0The wave velocity of the loading rod is C0The loading rod has an elastic modulus of E0When the end of the projecting rod generates a left-hand tensile wave, the state is stress sigma1Velocity v1；
The step (4) of correcting the experimental data specifically comprises the following steps: the incident wave epsilon can be obtained by the SHTB experimentiReflection wave epsilonrAnd transmitted wave epsilontBut not the mechanical loading to which the test piece is subjected, the actual corrected incident wave epsilonRepair iReflection wave epsilonrepair rAnd transmitted wave epsilont repairComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003231588030000026
Figure FDA0003231588030000027
Figure FDA0003231588030000028
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the stress pulse forms transmission and reflection at interfaces S1 and S2, and the test measurement signal is different from the dynamic mechanical state of the real test piece material after the transmission and reflection at the interfaces S1 and S2.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the stress wave in step (3) is a tensile wave.
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