CN110513130B - Tunnel waterproof and drainage system - Google Patents
Tunnel waterproof and drainage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110513130B CN110513130B CN201910927899.4A CN201910927899A CN110513130B CN 110513130 B CN110513130 B CN 110513130B CN 201910927899 A CN201910927899 A CN 201910927899A CN 110513130 B CN110513130 B CN 110513130B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M acrylate group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)[O-] NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004587 polysulfide sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 102100025490 Slit homolog 1 protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710123186 Slit homolog 1 protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
- E21F16/02—Drainage of tunnels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel waterproof and drainage system, which comprises drainage gaps, wherein the drainage gaps are arranged between a front construction lining section and a rear construction lining section of a secondary lining of a tunnel, and the drainage gaps are circumferentially arranged along the arch surface of the tunnel; the water-stop belt capable of draining is embedded into the back surface of the drainage gap, and is circumferentially distributed along the drainage gap, and two ends of the water-stop belt capable of draining extend into the side ditch of the tunnel; two ends of the transverse drain pipe are respectively communicated with two ends of the drain gap, and the central drain pipe is communicated with the transverse drain pipe; according to the invention, underground water seepage in the drainage section is discharged through the drainage gap, so that the water pressure of the secondary lining of the tunnel is reduced, and the waterproof capacity of the waterproof section is improved; the underground water seepage is limited in the drainage gap through the drainage water stop belt, so that the cross flow of the underground water seepage or the entering into the tunnel is avoided; the invention can remove the sediment in the drainage gap in time and conveniently; the surface of the tunnel lining is stuck and arranged outside the drainable water stop band, so that the maintenance and the replacement are convenient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel water prevention and drainage, in particular to a tunnel water prevention and drainage system.
Background
Along with the continuous expansion of the traffic road network scale, the number of tunnel projects is also continuously increased; the tunnel is built under the ground surface and is surrounded by various groundwater, and the groundwater is not filled in holes; the working of each link in the process of surveying, designing, constructing and operating the tunnel is possibly in place, so that any defect of a tunnel waterproof and drainage system is caused, and water leakage of the tunnel is possibly caused. At present, china has the capability and experience of building underground projects such as long tunnels and the like, however, from the perspective of underground structure waterproofing, the overall waterproofing effect is not ideal although the design is considered.
At present, tunnel drainage is mainly: the water enters the annular drainage blind ditch behind the lining from the surrounding rock cracks, the annular drainage pipe is connected with the longitudinal drainage pipe arranged at the lower part of the lining side wall, then the water in the longitudinal drainage pipe is led into the central drainage pipe through the transverse water guide pipe, and finally the central drainage ditch discharges the water out of the lining side wall. The drainage system used in the current tunnel has a plurality of problems: firstly, investigation of an operated tunnel shows that the water leakage problem of different degrees can occur in the water-proof and drainage system after the system is applied for several years, so that the tunnel structure is deteriorated, and the long-term safety of the tunnel is affected; secondly, corrosive components possibly mixed in the tunnel leakage water act on the secondary lining of the tunnel for a long time, so that the strength of the tunnel is seriously damaged, and the normal service life of the tunnel structure is influenced; in addition, the traffic safety of the tunnel can be influenced by the water leakage of the tunnel, for example, the accumulated water on the road surface or icing can reduce the friction coefficient between the wheels and the ground, the vehicle can sideslip, the running speed of the vehicle in the tunnel can be influenced, and serious potential safety hazards can be generated. The water leakage of the tunnel can also cause certain erosion to ventilation equipment, communication equipment, power supply lighting equipment, fire-fighting pipeline equipment and the like in the tunnel, and finally cause the operation equipment to be failed or even damaged; in the construction process of the conventional tunnel waterproof and drainage system, if the tunnel waterproof and drainage system has the problem of water leakage, the place where the tunnel leaks is difficult to clear and block, or the waterproof and drainage member is replaced, so that the waterproof and drainage system which is 'up to the dimension' cannot be realized, and the difficulty and the maintenance cost of maintenance during the operation of the tunnel are further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a tunnel waterproof and drainage system, which solves the problems that the internal drainage pipe of the existing tunnel waterproof and drainage system is easy to block and is inconvenient to check or replace; good waterproof and drainage effect and longer service life.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention provides a tunnel waterproof and drainage system, which comprises a drainage gap, a drainage water stop belt, a transverse drainage pipe and a central drainage pipe, wherein the drainage gap is arranged between a front construction lining and a rear construction lining section in a tunnel secondary lining, and the tunnel secondary lining is divided into a waterproof section and a drainage section through the drainage gap; the drainage gap is arranged along the circumferential direction of the arch surface of the tunnel; the water-stop belt capable of draining is embedded into the back surface of the drainage gap, and is circumferentially distributed along the drainage gap, and two ends of the water-stop belt capable of draining extend into side ditches at two sides of the tunnel; the transverse drain pipe is transversely arranged in the inverted arch of the tunnel, and two ends of the transverse drain pipe are respectively connected with side ditches at two sides of the tunnel; the central drain pipe sets up along tunnel length direction, and central drain pipe and horizontal drain pipe intercommunication.
Further, water collecting tanks are respectively arranged in side ditches at two sides of the tunnel, and the upper parts of the water collecting tanks are communicated with the water draining gap; the bottom of the water collecting tank is communicated with the transverse drain pipe.
Further, the transverse drain pipe adopts an arc drain pipe, the lowest point of the arc drain pipe is arranged on the central line of the tunnel bottom plate, the central drain pipe is arranged at the lowest point of the transverse drain pipe, the central drain pipe is obliquely arranged in the length direction, and the oblique direction is adaptive to the longitudinal slope direction of the tunnel bottom plate.
Further, the drainage gap is a construction gap, a settlement gap or a deformation gap of the secondary lining of the tunnel.
Further, a waterproof board and geotextile are sequentially arranged on the upstream surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel; the waterproof plates are arranged in sections at the drainage gaps, two waterproof plates at two sides of the drainage gaps extend into the drainage gaps and are respectively attached to the gap walls at two sides of the drainage gaps, and a drainage channel is reserved between the two waterproof plates; geotextile is arranged on the upstream surface of the waterproof board and is tightly attached to the primary support.
Further, the water-stop belt capable of draining comprises a drainage box and a drainage groove, wherein the drainage box is fixedly arranged on the back surface of the drainage gap, and the drainage box is of a concave groove structure; the concave surface of the drainage box is an upstream surface, and the drainage groove is fixedly arranged on the upstream surface of the drainage box; one end of the drainage groove is fixedly connected with the drainage box, the other end of the drainage groove is embedded into the drainage gap, and two side walls of the drainage groove are respectively tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drainage gap.
Further, the cross section of the drainage groove is in a semicircular arc shape or a V-shaped structure; the bottom arc surface of the semicircular arc structure is fixedly connected with the drainage box, and two side walls of the semicircular arc structure are respectively and tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drainage gap; the bottom of V type structure and drainage box fixed connection, two lateral wall ends of V type structure are closely laminated with the both sides gap wall in drainage gap respectively.
Further, the tail ends of the two side walls of the drainage groove are respectively provided with a clamping section, and the clamping sections are tightly attached to the drainage gap; the distance between the two clamping sections is larger than the seam width of the drainage seam; the joint section adopts wedge structure, and the joint section is the big end with the link of water drainage tank, and the free end of joint section is the tip.
Further, two side walls of the drainage box are respectively provided with a flange plate; one flange plate is fixedly connected with the front construction lining section, and the other flange plate is fixedly connected with the rear construction lining section.
Furthermore, the surfaces of the front construction lining section and the rear construction lining section are respectively provided with a mounting groove, and the flange plates are embedded into the mounting grooves; the flange plate is fixedly connected with the mounting groove through bolts; a sealing body is arranged in the mounting groove and used for sealing the flange plate in the mounting groove; the sealing body is chemical sealing glue, and the chemical sealing glue adopts acrylic ester sealing glue or polysulfide sealing glue.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention provides a tunnel waterproof and drainage system, which is characterized in that a drainage gap is arranged between a front construction lining and a rear construction lining section in a tunnel secondary lining, the tunnel secondary lining is divided into a drainage section and a waterproof section, underground water seepage in the drainage section is discharged through the drainage gap, the water pressure of the tunnel secondary lining is reduced, and the waterproof capacity of the waterproof section is improved; by arranging the water-stop belt capable of draining, underground water seepage is limited in the drainage gap, and the phenomenon that the tunnel is influenced by the cross flow of the underground water seepage or enters the tunnel is avoided; the invention can remove sediment in the drainage gap in time and conveniently, and avoid the blockage of a tunnel drainage system; the waterproof and drainage effect is good, and the service life is long; the surface of the tunnel lining is stuck and arranged outside the drainable water stop band, so that the maintenance and the replacement are convenient.
Furthermore, by arranging the water collecting grooves in the side ditches at the two sides of the tunnel, the underground water seepage after the tunnel vault is collected by the water-stop belt capable of draining and the underground water seepage after the tunnel waist is discharged by the water draining gap are collected, and the complete collection of the underground water seepage at the water draining section is ensured to be discharged out of the tunnel.
Further, the arc-shaped drain pipe is adopted as the transverse drain pipe, and the height difference is arranged between the water inlet and the water outlet of the transverse drain pipe, so that the water which is permeated underground can be smoothly discharged through the transverse drain pipe, and the water which is permeated underground can be prevented from flowing backwards into the tunnel.
Furthermore, the drainage gap is a construction gap, a settlement gap or a deformation gap, so that the construction is convenient, the construction period is not occupied, and the construction cost is low.
Furthermore, by arranging geotextile, the water seepage of the surrounding rock of the tunnel is filtered, and impurities are prevented from entering the drainage gap to block the drainage gap; the waterproof plates are arranged in a segmented mode, and are completely paved in the waterproof section, so that a waterproof effect is achieved, and water discharge is limited; in the drainage section, a drainage channel is formed between the waterproof plates, limiting drainage of water is realized, the integrity and the tightness of the tunnel waterproof and drainage system are ensured, and the waterproof and drainage requirements are met.
Further, the drainage groove is embedded in the drainage gap, underground water seepage flowing out of the drainage gap is collected through the drainage groove, collected underground water is discharged into the transverse drainage pipe and then flows into the central drainage pipe until the tunnel is discharged; when a small amount of leakage water exists between the drainage groove and the drainage gap, the leakage water enters the drainage box through the gap between the drainage groove and the drainage gap, and the drainage box is utilized to collect the leakage water secondarily and drain the leakage water, so that the leakage water is prevented from immersing into the tunnel.
Further, by arranging the drainage groove into a semicircular arc structure or a V-shaped structure, the sealing connection between the drainage water stop belt and the drainage gap is ensured, and the channeling of underground water seepage in the drainage section is avoided.
Furthermore, by arranging the clamping section, the tightness between the drainage groove and the drainage gap is improved, and the underground water seepage flowing out of the drainage gap is ensured to be completely collected in the drainage groove, so that the underground water seepage is discharged; the clamping section is arranged into a wedge-shaped structure, smooth connection between the clamping section and the drainage gap is improved, and the collection of underground water is ensured.
Further, by arranging the flange plates, the sealing between the drainage box and the lining is improved, and underground water seepage is avoided from entering the tunnel.
Further, by adopting the sealing body to seal the flange plate, the secondary sealing of the water-stop belt capable of draining water is realized; when the chemical sealant is adopted for sealing, the sealing performance is good; when the water stop belt is required to be maintained and replaced, the bolt is removed after the water stop belt is removed by mechanical or chemical chiseling, and the water stop belt capable of draining can be removed in a simple maintenance and replacement mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunnel drainage and water prevention system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a tunnel drainage system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a drainable water stop in a tunnel drainage and prevention system according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a drainable water stop in a tunnel drainage and prevention system according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the installation structure of a drainable water stop in a tunnel drainage and water prevention system according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of a water collecting tank structure in the tunnel water-proof and drainage system according to the present invention.
The water-saving type construction method comprises the following steps of 1 draining gaps, 2 draining water stops, 3 transverse drain pipes, 4 central drain pipes, 5 water collecting tanks, 6 waterproof boards, 7 geotextiles, 8 front construction lining sections, 9 rear construction lining sections, 10 tunnel surrounding rocks, 11 tunnel inverted arches and 12 primary supports; 21 drainage box, 22 water drainage groove, 23 joint section, 24 flange plate, 25 bolt, 26 sealing body.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be explained and illustrated below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the examples in the implementation manner, other examples obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-2 and 6, the invention provides a tunnel waterproof and drainage system, which comprises a drainage gap 1, a drainable water stop 2, a transverse drain pipe 3, a central drain pipe 4, a water collecting tank 5, a waterproof plate 6 and geotextile 7; the drainage gap 1 is arranged between a front construction lining section 8 and a rear construction lining section 9 in the secondary lining of the tunnel, the secondary lining of the tunnel is divided into a waterproof section and a drainage section through the drainage gap 1, and the drainage gap 1 is annularly arranged along the arch surface of the tunnel; the water-stop belt 2 capable of draining is embedded into the back surface of the water draining gap 1, and the water-stop belt 2 capable of draining is distributed along the circumferential direction of the water draining gap 1; two ends of the drainable water stop 2 extend into side ditches at two sides of the tunnel, water collecting tanks 5 are respectively arranged in the side ditches at two sides of the tunnel, and the upper parts of the water collecting tanks 5 are communicated with the drainage gaps 1; the transverse drain pipe 3 is transversely arranged in the tunnel inverted arch 11, and the position of the transverse drain pipe 3 is matched with the position of the drain gap 1; the transverse drain pipe 3 adopts an arc drain pipe, the lowest point of the arc drain pipe is arranged on the central line of the tunnel bottom plate, and two ends of the arc drain pipe are respectively communicated with water collecting tanks 5 at two sides; the central drain pipe 4 is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel and is arranged at the lowest point of the transverse drain pipe 3, and the central drain pipe 4 is communicated with the transverse drain pipe 3; after water seepage in the surrounding rock 10 of the tunnel flows into the drainage gap 1, is collected by the drainage water stop belt 2, is discharged into the water collecting tank 5, and then flows into the central drain pipe 4 through the transverse drain pipe 3 to be discharged out of the tunnel; the central drain pipe 4 is arranged in an inclined mode in the length direction, the inclination angle of the central drain pipe 4 is matched with the gradient of the tunnel bottom plate, and water is conveniently discharged out of the tunnel through the central drain pipe 4.
The drainage gap 1 is a construction gap, a settlement gap or a deformation gap of the secondary lining of the tunnel, a drainage section is formed at the position with the drainage gap 1, the position without the drainage gap 1 is a waterproof section, and a waterproof plate 6 and geotextile 7 are sequentially arranged on the upstream surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel; when the waterproof board 6 is arranged, the waterproof board is distributed in a partitioning way according to the length of each waterproof partition; in the waterproof section, normally lapping and paving the waterproof plates according to the specification; in the drainage section, the waterproof plates 6 are arranged at the drainage gap 1 in a segmented mode, two waterproof plates 6 on two sides of the drainage gap 1 extend into the drainage gap 1, the waterproof plates 6 on two adjacent sections of construction lining sections are respectively attached to the gap walls on two sides of the drainage gap 1, a drainage channel is reserved between the two waterproof plates 6, and water seepage of surrounding rocks of a tunnel is facilitated to penetrate through geotextiles and enter the drainage channel to form waterproof and drainage subareas; geotechnical cloth 7 hugs closely initial support 12 and sets up, through setting up geotechnical cloth 7, has realized the filtration to tunnel country rock infiltration, has avoided impurity to get into in the drainage gap 1, blocks up drainage gap 1.
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the water-stop belt 2 capable of draining water in the invention comprises a drainage box 21, a drainage groove 22, a clamping section 23, a flange plate 24, bolts 25 and a sealing body 26; the drain box 21 is arranged on the back surface of the drain gap 1, the drain box 21 is of a concave groove structure, and the concave surface of the drain box 21 is the back surface; the water draining groove 22 is fixedly arranged on the upstream surface of the water draining box 21, one end of the water draining groove 22 is fixedly connected with the water draining box 21, and the other end of the water draining groove 22 is embedded into the water draining gap 1; the cross section of the drain groove 22 is in a semicircular arc structure or a V-shaped structure; when the semicircular arc structure is adopted, the bottom arc surface of the semicircular arc structure is fixedly connected with the drainage box 21, the two end side walls of the semicircular arc structure are respectively and tightly attached to the gap wall of the drainage gap 1, and the waterproof board 6 is arranged between the drainage groove 21 and the drainage gap 1; the two side wall ends of the semicircular arc structure are respectively provided with a clamping section 23, the two clamping sections 23 are respectively and tightly attached to the gap wall of the drainage gap 1, and the waterproof board 6 is fixedly clamped between the drainage water stop belt 2 and the secondary lining of the tunnel; the clamping section 23 is of a wedge-shaped structure, the connecting end of the clamping section 23 and the drainage groove 22 is a large end, and the free end of the clamping section 23 is a small end, so that the smooth connection between the gap wall of the drainage gap 1 and the drainage groove 22 is realized; the two clamping sections 23 are arranged away from the circle center of the semicircular arc structure in an inclined mode, the distance between the two clamping sections 23 is larger than the seam width of the drainage gap 1, and the tightness between the drainage groove 21 and the drainage gap 1 is guaranteed. When the V-shaped structure is adopted, the bottom of the V-shaped structure is fixedly connected with the drain box 21, and two side walls of the V-shaped structure are respectively and tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drain gap 1; the distance between the ends of the two side walls of the V-shaped structure is larger than the slit width of the drain slit 1, ensuring the tightness between the drain groove 22 and the drain slit 1.
Two side walls of the drainage box 21 are respectively provided with a flange plate 24, wherein one flange plate 24 is fixedly connected with the front construction lining section 8, and the other flange plate 24 is fixedly connected with the rear construction lining section 9; the surface of the front construction lining section 8 and the surface of the rear construction lining section 9 are provided with mounting grooves; the flange plate 24 is embedded into the mounting groove and fixedly connected with the mounting groove through bolts 25; a sealing body 26 is arranged in the mounting groove for sealing, so that the sealing connection between the flange plate 24 and the mounting groove is realized; the sealing body 26 is chemical sealant, and after the flange plate 24 is installed, the chemical sealant is poured into the installation groove, so that the sealing connection between the flange plate 24 and the installation groove is ensured, and the secondary sealing fixation of the drainable water stop is realized; the chemical sealant is acrylate sealant or polysulfide sealant.
The drainage box 21, the drainage groove 22, the clamping section 23 and the flange plate 24 are made of rubber, and steel wire nets are arranged in the drainage groove 22 and the clamping section 23, so that the rigidity of the drainage groove 22 and the clamping section 23 is improved, and the sealing connection between the drainage groove 22 and the clamping section 23 and the drainage gap 1 is ensured. Preferably, the drain box 21, the drain groove 22, the engagement section 23, and the flange plate 24 are integrally formed.
Construction scheme and waterproof and drainage principle
The invention relates to a construction method of a tunnel square drainage system, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, erecting a mould, assembling a secondary lining trolley and pouring a secondary lining of a tunnel; when a front construction lining section of a drainage section is poured into a last mould lining, a circular steel bar or a rubber strip is fixedly arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the end part of the drainage gap 1 inside one side of the two lining trolleys close to the drainage gap 1 to be constructed, the cross section of the circular steel bar or the rubber strip is square with the side length of 1cm, after the front construction lining section is poured, the circular steel bar or the rubber strip is removed, and an installation groove is formed on the back surface of the front construction lining section;
step 2, after the maintenance work of the front construction lining section is completed, bending a waterproof board 6 at one side of the front construction lining section, and attaching the waterproof board to the lining wall of the front construction lining section;
step 3, repeating the steps 1 and 2, and constructing a lining section after pouring; specifically, before the construction of the post-construction lining section, a drainage gap of 2cm is reserved between the post-construction lining section and the front-construction lining section, waterproof plates with the same length as those in the step 2 are bent at the end face of the post-construction lining section, the waterproof plates are attached to the lining wall of the post-construction lining section, and a drainage channel is reserved between the two waterproof plates; before the first mould lining of the back construction lining section, a circular steel bar or a rubber strip is fixedly arranged at a position 1-2cm away from the end part of the drainage gap 1 in the side of the two lining trolleys close to the drainage gap, the section of the circular steel bar or the rubber strip is square with the side length of 1cm, after the pouring of the front construction lining section is finished, the circular steel bar or the rubber strip is removed, and a mounting groove is formed on the back surface of the back construction lining section;
Step 4, after the front and rear construction lining sections are maintained, starting to install the water-stop belt capable of draining water; specifically, the clamping sections of the water-stop belt capable of draining are forced to be extruded towards the middle, so that the distance between the two clamping sections is smaller than the seam width of the water-draining gap; then embedding the clamping section into the drainage gap, forcefully pushing the drainage water stop belt to enable the clamping section to be closely attached to the gap wall of the drainage gap, and fixedly clamping the waterproof plate between the drainage water stop belt and the secondary lining; the water stop belt capable of draining is pushed continuously and forcefully, the flange plate is embedded in the mounting groove, the flange plate is fixedly connected with the mounting groove through bolts, the whole water stop belt capable of draining is pre-fixed, and finally the mounting groove is filled and sealed by chemical sealant, so that the water stop belt capable of draining is secondarily sealed and fixed.
When the tunnel is used, when groundwater permeates geotechnical cloth through gaps in surrounding rocks of the tunnel, impurities in the groundwater are filtered through the filtering effect of the geotechnical cloth, clear water is converged into a drainage channel formed by the waterproof board and the drainage gaps through the waterproof board, then flows into the water collecting tank along the drainage channel through the collecting effect of the drainage channel, enters the central drainage pipe through the transverse drainage pipe, and finally is guided out of the tunnel.
When the drainable water stop needs to be maintained and replaced, the sealing body is removed by a chemical or physical chiseling mode, then the bolts are removed, and finally the drainable water stop is pumped out of the drain gap; after the inspection and repair are finished, the repaired or new water-stop belt capable of draining is reinstalled in the drainage gap, so that the water-stop belt capable of draining is maintained and replaced, and the maintenance and replacement mode is simple and the operation is convenient.
According to the tunnel waterproof and drainage system, geotextiles are normally lapped and paved during construction, impurities in underground water are filtered by the geotextiles, clear water is guaranteed to flow into a drainage water stop belt through a circumferential drainage gap position and is led into a transverse drainage pipe in a tunnel, then the water flows into a central drainage pipe through the transverse drainage pipe, and finally the underground water is led out of the tunnel.
In the tunnel waterproof and drainage system, the waterproof plates are not integrated, the waterproof plates are arranged at the ends of the drainage gaps, and the positions of the waterproof plates are folded into the drainage gaps so that the waterproof plates are attached to and fixed with the lining walls, and a drainage channel is reserved between the two waterproof plates. The length of the waterproof board folded to the construction joint is slightly larger than the thickness of the secondary lining of the tunnel so as to be convenient for fixing the waterproof board and be combined with the outer drainage member into a whole, thereby ensuring the tightness of the whole waterproof and drainage system.
In the tunnel waterproof and drainage system, the water-stop belt capable of draining adopts an outer drainage rubber belt with a flange plate. The rubber belt drainage part is of a semicircular arc or V-shaped structure, the clamping section of the drainage part is slightly wider than the seam width of the drainage gap, and the clamping section of the drainage water stop belt and the drainage groove are internally provided with metal steel wire nets, so that the tension of the rubber belt drainage part is increased, and the rubber belt drainage part is better in fit with a waterproof plate during installation. The drainage box in the water-stop belt capable of draining water can realize secondary water drainage prevention, and the flange plate of the drainage box ensures the fixed connection of the water-stop belt capable of draining water
According to the tunnel waterproof and drainage system, the waterproof and drainage partition length of a tunnel is determined by combining the water pressure, the water seepage quantity and the level of surrounding rocks of the tunnel and combining the control standard of the water pressure and the water seepage quantity and the design index parameters of the tunnel, and the waterproof sections and the drainage sections with different lengths are divided by arranging drainage gaps, so that the waterproof sections are mainly waterproof, and the drainage of water is limited; in the drainage section, underground water seepage is discharged through a drainage gap, limiting discharge is realized, the ecological environment of water resources is protected to the greatest extent, water and soil loss is reduced as much as possible, so that the water drainage amount and the seepage amount are matched, resources are reasonably utilized during construction, and the construction cost is reduced. The water-stop belt capable of draining water can be conveniently replaced, drainage facilities of each section can be actively maintained, drainage sediment can be conveniently removed in the later period, the problem of high difficulty in the problem of tunnel leakage water during operation is solved, and accordingly 'maintainable accessibility' of a tunnel water-proof and drainage system is achieved. The invention has great improvement effect on the water leakage phenomenon of the tunnel, can improve the safety and durability of the whole structure of the tunnel, can greatly improve the driving safety performance in the tunnel, and reduces the limitation of the driving speed caused by the water leakage. The invention has the advantages of saving construction investment and operation investment, having obvious practical value and obvious economic and social benefits. The water-proof and drainage system adopts a limited drainage mode, the water-proof section mainly limits the drainage of water, the drainage section mainly limits the drainage of water, the damage of underground water to tunnel lining is reduced, the water and soil loss can be reduced as much as possible, and the ecological environment of the surrounding area of the tunnel is prevented from being damaged.
The tunnel waterproof and drainage system is based on the partition waterproof and drainage concept, the drainage water stop belt is arranged at the construction joint, the deformation joint or the settlement joint of the secondary lining of the tunnel, has the characteristic of being damaged and aged and replaceable, and eliminates the longitudinal drainage pipe in the existing drainage system, replaces the partition mode of installing the water stop belt on the waterproof board at present, and also solves the problem that the drainage pipe in the waterproof and drainage system is blocked and inconvenient to check or replace.
Claims (5)
1. The tunnel waterproof and drainage system is characterized by comprising a drainage gap (1), a drainage water stop belt (2), a transverse drainage pipe (3) and a central drainage pipe (4), wherein the drainage gap (1) is arranged between a front construction lining section (8) and a rear construction lining section (9) in a tunnel secondary lining, and the tunnel secondary lining is divided into a waterproof section and a drainage section through the drainage gap (1); the drainage gap (1) is arranged along the circumferential direction of the arch surface of the tunnel; the water-draining water-stopping belt (2) is embedded into the back surface of the water-draining gap (1), the water-draining water-stopping belt (2) is circumferentially distributed along the water-draining gap (1), and two ends of the water-draining water-stopping belt (2) extend into side ditches at two sides of the tunnel; the transverse drain pipe (3) is transversely arranged in the tunnel inverted arch (11), and two ends of the transverse drain pipe (3) are respectively connected with side ditches at two sides of the tunnel; the central drain pipe (4) is arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, and the central drain pipe (4) is communicated with the transverse drain pipe (3);
Water collecting tanks (5) are respectively arranged in side ditches at two sides of the tunnel, and the upper parts of the water collecting tanks (5) are communicated with the water draining gap (1); the bottom of the water collecting tank (5) is communicated with the transverse drain pipe (3);
The transverse drain pipe (3) adopts an arc drain pipe, the lowest point of the arc drain pipe is arranged on the central line of the tunnel bottom plate, the central drain pipe (4) is arranged at the lowest point of the transverse drain pipe (3), the length direction of the central drain pipe (4) is obliquely arranged, and the oblique direction is adapted to the longitudinal slope direction of the tunnel bottom plate;
the drainage gap (1) is a construction gap, a settlement gap or a deformation gap of the secondary lining of the tunnel;
a waterproof board (6) and geotextile (7) are sequentially arranged on the upstream surface of the secondary lining of the tunnel; the waterproof plates (6) are arranged at intervals of the drainage gap (1), two waterproof plates (6) on two sides of the drainage gap (1) extend into the drainage gap (1) and are respectively attached to gap walls on two sides of the drainage gap (1), and a drainage channel is reserved between the two waterproof plates (6); the geotextile (7) is arranged on the upstream surface of the waterproof board (6) and is closely attached to the primary support (12);
the water-stop belt (2) capable of draining comprises a drainage box (21) and a drainage groove (22), wherein the drainage box (21) is fixedly arranged on the back surface of the drainage gap (1), and the drainage box (21) is of a concave groove structure; the concave surface of the drainage box (21) is an upstream surface, and the drainage groove (22) is fixedly arranged on the upstream surface of the drainage box (21); one end of the drainage groove (22) is fixedly connected with the drainage box (21), the other end of the drainage groove is embedded into the drainage gap (1), and two side walls of the drainage groove (22) are respectively tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drainage gap (1).
2. A tunnel drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the drainage channel (22) has a semicircular arc or V-shaped cross section; the bottom arc surface of the semicircular arc structure is fixedly connected with the drainage box (21), and two side walls of the semicircular arc structure are respectively and tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drainage gap (1); the bottom of the V-shaped structure is fixedly connected with the drain box (21), and two side wall ends of the V-shaped structure are respectively tightly attached to two side gap walls of the drain gap (1).
3. A tunnel water-proof and drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the two side wall ends of the drainage groove (22) are respectively provided with a clamping section (23), and the clamping sections (23) are tightly attached to the drainage gap (1); the distance between the two clamping sections (23) is larger than the seam width of the drainage seam (1); the clamping section (23) adopts a wedge-shaped structure, the connecting end of the clamping section (23) and the drainage groove (22) is a large end, and the free end of the clamping section (23) is a small end.
4. A tunnel water-proofing and drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that the two side walls of the drainage box (21) are respectively provided with flange plates (24); one flange plate (24) is fixedly connected with the front construction lining section (8), and the other flange plate (24) is fixedly connected with the rear construction lining section (9).
5. A tunnel water-proofing and drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that the front construction lining section (8) and the rear construction lining section (9) are provided with mounting grooves on their surfaces, and the flange plates (24) are embedded in the mounting grooves; the flange plate (24) is fixedly connected with the mounting groove through bolts (25); a sealing body (26) is arranged in the mounting groove and used for sealing the flange plate (24) in the mounting groove; the sealing body (26) is chemical sealant, and the chemical sealant is acrylate sealant or polysulfide sealant.
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| CN201910927899.4A CN110513130B (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2019-09-27 | Tunnel waterproof and drainage system |
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| CN107387160A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-11-24 | 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | A kind of half permeable drainpipe of Ω types |
| CN110748359A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-02-04 | 中铁十八局集团建筑安装工程有限公司 | Tunnel water-proof and drainage construction process |
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| CN112943358A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中交隧道工程局有限公司 | Drainage guiding method comprehensively considering underground water protection and reducing tunnel lining damage |
| CN112983539B (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2023-08-29 | 江西省交通科学研究院有限公司 | Tunnel surrounding rock drainage support structure and construction method |
| CN113153379B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2024-01-09 | 重庆永昂实业有限公司 | Tunnel waterproof and drainage system and construction process |
| CN113863964A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-12-31 | 中铁隧道局集团有限公司 | Waterproof facility for subway operation |
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