Guide rail sliding block type adjustable-speed magnetic coupler
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, in particular to a non-contact type connected magnetic induction coupler, and specifically relates to a guide rail sliding block type speed-adjustable magnetic coupler. It can be used in fan and pump load as power transmission and speed regulation device.
Background
Magnetic couplers transfer force and motion using a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet. The speed-regulating magnetic coupler for electric driving system of blower and pump is superior to frequency converter and hydraulic coupler in special occasion. The magnetic coupler has the advantages that: (1) the motor and the load realize non-contact transmission, and the load cannot be vibrated even if the motor vibrates, so that the vibration problem of the whole system is effectively reduced, the failure rate of the system is greatly reduced, mechanical abrasion cannot be caused to the mechanism, and the service life is prolonged; (2) the structure is simple, the manufacturing, assembling and equipment maintenance cost is low, the stability and reliability are high, the requirement on the neutrality is low, and the device can be applied to working occasions where the neutrality cannot be guaranteed; (3) the motor is started under light load and is protected from overload, the motor is started under soft condition, peak current and peak time are greatly reduced, impact on a power grid and a load is eliminated, damage to motor insulation due to overvoltage operation is avoided, and the service life of the motor is prolonged; (4) the anti-interference capability is strong, high-frequency current is avoided, the problems of higher harmonic waves, electromagnetic interference and the like are avoided, and the energy-saving and environment-friendly effects are achieved.
Patent CN201110219052.4 discloses a speed-adjustable magnetic coupling with a wedge-shaped disc, in which a motor and a speed-reducing mechanism are used to drive a gear rack, so as to change the meshing area and the air gap thickness between two groups of permanent magnet discs and a conductor disc to realize speed adjustment. The invention relates to a composite speed regulating device consisting of two groups of permanent magnet discs and conductor discs, and the speed regulation is realized by simultaneously changing the meshing area and the air gap thickness. In the invention, a single group of permanent magnet conical discs and conductor circular truncated cone-shaped discs are adopted, the structure is compact, and the facing areas of the permanent magnets and the conductor rings along the circumferential direction and the sliding direction of the guide rail are simultaneously changed, so that the speed can be regulated more efficiently.
In patent CN201710461920.7, a conical intelligent speed-adjustable magnetic coupler based on a slider-rocker is disclosed, in which a servo motor controls a ball slider to move, so as to drive a slider-rocker mechanism composed of a connecting rod slider, a connecting rod and a permanent magnet base to move to realize the swinging of the permanent magnet base, and the speed is adjusted by simultaneously changing the positive area and the air gap size. However, the invention adopts the slider rocker to control each permanent magnet to swing, thereby causing the thickness of an air gap between the permanent magnet disc and the conductor disc to be uneven, causing the interval between the permanent magnets on the permanent magnet disc to be larger, forming larger magnetic flux leakage and influencing the transmission efficiency. In the invention, the ball type linear guide rail is connected with the fixed disc through the hinge, so that the swinging of the permanent magnet is not needed, the magnet interval is relatively small, and the invention realizes more efficient speed regulation by simultaneously changing the facing areas of the permanent magnet and the conductor ring along the circumferential direction and the sliding direction of the guide rail. In addition, the ball type linear guide rail slide block is magnetically isolated by selecting non-magnetic materials such as plastics or aluminum alloy and the like, so that the influence of the magnetism of the permanent magnet on the movement of the ball type linear guide rail slide block is avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model provides a guide rail slider formula adjustable speed magnetic coupling ware, comprises conductor round platform shape dish assembly and permanent magnet conical disk assembly, wherein installs speed adjusting device on the permanent magnet conical disk assembly, and conductor round platform shape dish assembly is as magnetic coupling ware's driven plate, including conductor ring, driven basal body dish, driven shaft and driven shaft axle sleeve, and the driven shaft right-hand member passes through the key-type connection with the driven shaft axle sleeve, and the driven shaft axle sleeve links firmly together through the bolt with driven basal body dish, and the conductor ring is installed and is formed conductor round platform shape dish at driven basal body dish internal surface.
The permanent magnet conical disc assembly is used as a driving disc of a magnetic coupler and comprises a permanent magnet, a ball type linear guide rail sliding block, a guide rail, a fixed disc, a lead screw motor, a sleeve, a sliding rod, a compression spring, a linear bearing, a driving shaft and a driving shaft sleeve, wherein the left end of the driving shaft is in key connection with the driving shaft sleeve, a fixed interface is arranged on the surface of the driving shaft sleeve, the left end of the guide rail is fixed with the driving shaft sleeve through a bolt, the right end of the guide rail is fixed with the interface on the left end surface of the fixed disc through a bolt, the ball type linear guide rail sliding block is matched with the guide rail, the permanent magnet is fixed on the outer surface of the ball type linear guide rail sliding block in an N, S pole alternate arrangement mode to form a permanent magnet conical disc, the right side of the ball type linear guide rail sliding block is sleeved on the sliding rod, a thread is processed at the tail end of the sliding rod, the sliding rod is fixed on the sleeve in a matching mode with a threaded hole on the outer surface of the sleeve after the compression spring is installed on the sliding rod, the sleeve hole is equipped with linear bearing and installs on the driving shaft, and the fixed disk is adorned on the driving shaft, and the lead screw motor is installed on the fixed disk, and the lead screw of lead screw motor and sleeve right-hand member face screw hole cooperation.
The working principle is as follows: the speed regulating device comprises a screw motor, a sleeve, a compression spring, a sliding rod and a ball type linear guide rail sliding block. The lead screw motor is controlled to rotate through a preset program in the PLC, the sleeve with threads axially moves on the driving shaft, the sliding rod fixed on the sleeve axially moves along the driving shaft, the sliding rod axially applies force while compressing a spring to radially apply force, and the ball type linear guide rail slider slides along the guide rail, so that the permanent magnet fixed on the outer surface of the slider moves along the guide rail, the dead area of the permanent magnet on the permanent magnet conical disc and a conductor ring on the conductor circular table-shaped disc is actively changed, and the air gap magnetic density is adjusted to realize the speed regulation function.
The conductor ring of the conductor circular truncated cone-shaped disc adopts two conductor structures, namely a solid conductor disc and a cage-shaped conductor disc, and the solid conductor disc generates an induced eddy current due to cutting of magnetic lines of force during working so as to generate an induced magnetic field; the cage-shaped conductor disc generates annular induction current due to cutting of magnetic lines of force during operation, and accordingly an induction magnetic field is generated.
The cage-shaped conductor ring consists of a conductor copper disc and a yoke iron disc; the surface of the conductor copper disc is provided with a plurality of rectangular grooves, small lugs with the same shape as the rectangular grooves are processed on the yoke disc, the fan-shaped grooves and the small lugs are in interference fit, a cage-shaped conductor ring is formed after the fan-shaped grooves and the small lugs are matched and embedded into the right groove of the driven base disc, and the conductor ring is fixed on the driven base disc in a screw connection, riveting or welding mode.
The permanent magnet adopts a fan-shaped structure with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, is arranged in a groove which is processed on the inclined surface of the ball type linear guide rail slide block and is matched with the permanent magnet in size, and the dead area of the permanent magnet and the conductor ring changes along the circumferential direction and the sliding direction of the guide rail simultaneously along with the movement of the ball type linear guide rail slide block along the guide rail, so that the speed regulation is realized more efficiently.
A gap is reserved between the ball type linear guide rail sliding blocks so as to ensure that the ball type linear guide rail sliding blocks do not interfere in the moving process on the guide rail; the ball type linear guide rail sliding block is made of a plastic or aluminum alloy non-magnetic material; the guide rail is made of an aluminum alloy non-magnetic material so as to avoid the influence of the magnetism of the permanent magnet on the movement of the ball type linear guide rail slide block.
The surface of the driving shaft sleeve and the fixed disc are respectively provided with a hinged interface to limit the degree of freedom of the guide rail so as to ensure that the permanent magnet conical disc and the driving shaft keep relatively static in the rotating process.
The radius of the upper end surface of the sliding rod is larger than the working surface of the rod, the sliding rod is firstly sleeved on the ball type linear guide rail sliding block and then fixed on the sleeve to limit the falling off and exceeding of the working stroke of the ball type linear guide rail sliding block in the rotating process; the sleeve carries out axial displacement through the screw drive, and the length of screw is in order to guarantee that each ball type linear guide slider can not take place to interfere at the speed governing in-process as the standard.
Compared with the existing disc type and cylinder type speed regulation type magnetic couplers, the magnetic coupler of the invention adopts an inclined structure, can solve the problem that the cylinder type magnetic coupler has higher requirement on the neutrality, can also solve the problem that the disc type magnetic coupler has larger axial load, and has larger speed regulation range and higher speed regulation stability.
THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
(1) In the invention, the single group of the permanent magnet conical disc and the conductor circular truncated cone-shaped disc are adopted, the structure is compact, and the speed can be regulated more efficiently by simultaneously changing the dead areas of the permanent magnet and the conductor ring along the circumferential direction and the sliding direction of the guide rail.
(2) The invention adopts guide rail slide block transmission and screw rod sleeve transmission, and non-magnetic materials such as plastic or aluminum alloy and the like are selected from the ball type linear guide rail slide block for magnetic isolation, so as to avoid the influence of the magnetism of the permanent magnet on the movement of the ball type linear guide rail slide block. The screw rod sleeve transmission is compared with gear and rack transmission, worm and gear transmission, cylindrical cam transmission and other types of transmission modes, the demand on a speed reducing mechanism is reduced, the transmission is more stable, the self-locking performance is realized, and the relative movement of parts in the rotating process of the driving wheel is prevented.
(3) The invention integrates the advantages of two traditional structures of a cylinder type and a disc type, reduces the centering requirement of the device compared with the cylinder type structure, and improves the torque transmission capacity; compared with a disc structure, the axial load is reduced, and the speed regulation range and the allowable axial play amount are increased; compared with a common coupler, the coupler saves the trouble of concentric centering, and the installation, debugging and disassembly of the device are more convenient.
Drawings
The invention is further described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
Fig. 1 is a sectional schematic view of the operation principle and structure of the guide rail slider transmission speed-regulating magnetic coupler according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a permanent magnet conical disk assembly of the rail-slider-driven speed-regulating magnetic coupler of embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a ball-type linear guide slider according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a single-group guide rail slider in embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the speed regulation principle of the guide rail slider transmission speed regulation type magnetic coupler in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional exploded view of the cage-type conductor circular truncated cone disk assembly of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a guide rail slider type adjustable speed magnetic coupler comprises a conductor circular truncated cone-shaped disc assembly and a permanent magnet conical disc assembly, wherein a speed adjusting device is installed on the permanent magnet conical disc assembly, the conductor circular truncated cone-shaped disc assembly comprises a conductor ring 6, a driven substrate disc 1, a driven shaft 3 and a driven shaft sleeve 2, the right end of the driven shaft 3 is connected with the driven shaft sleeve 2 through a key, the driven shaft sleeve 2 is fixedly connected with the driven substrate disc 1 through a bolt, and the conductor ring 6 is installed on the inner surface of the driven substrate disc 1 to form the conductor circular truncated cone-shaped disc.
The permanent magnet conical disc assembly comprises a permanent magnet 7, a ball type linear guide rail slide block 8, a guide rail 5, a fixed disc 10, a screw rod motor 12, a sleeve 11, a slide rod 9, a compression spring 15, a linear bearing 14, a driving shaft 13 and a driving shaft sleeve 4, and is shown in figure 2. The method is characterized in that: the left end of the driving shaft 13 is in key connection with the driving shaft sleeve 4, a fixed interface is arranged on the surface of the driving shaft sleeve 4, the left end of the guide rail 5 is fixed with the driving shaft sleeve 4 through a bolt, the right end of the guide rail 5 is fixed with an interface on the left end face of the fixed disc 10 through a bolt, the ball type linear guide rail sliding block 8 is matched with the guide rail 5, the ball type linear guide rail sliding block 8 can slide on the guide rail 5, and a groove matched with the permanent magnet is machined on the outer end face of the ball type linear guide rail sliding block 8, as shown in fig. 3. The permanent magnet 7 is fixed on the outer surface of the ball type linear guide rail slide block 8 in a mode of N, S poles being alternately arranged, meanwhile, a through hole on the right side of the ball type linear guide rail slide block 8 is matched with the sliding rod 9, a screw thread is processed on the tail end of the sliding rod 9, the compression spring 15 is installed and then is matched with a screw hole on the outer surface of the sleeve 11 to be fixed on the sleeve 11, a linear bearing 14 is installed in an inner hole of the sleeve 11, the permanent magnet 7, the ball type linear guide rail slide block 8, the sliding rod 9, the sleeve 11, the linear bearing 14 of the sleeve 11 and the compression spring 15 are assembled to be integrally installed on the driving shaft 13 and enable the linear bearing 14 to be matched with the driving shaft 13, the fixed disk 10 is installed on the driving shaft 13 and is positioned at the right end of the sleeve 11 to be in interference fit with the driving shaft, the lead screw motor 12 is installed on the fixed disk 10, a lead screw of the lead screw motor 12 is matched with the screw hole on the right end surface of the sleeve 11, thereby forming a permanent magnet tapered disk assembly, as shown in fig. 2.
The working principle is as follows: in the initial state, the facing area of the permanent magnet 7 and the conductor ring 6 is kept the largest, as shown in fig. 1, a driving shaft 13 drives a driving shaft sleeve 4 to rotate through a key, a driving shaft sleeve 4, a guide rail 5 and a fixed disc 10 are fixed through bolts, the permanent magnet 7 is installed on a ball type linear guide rail slide block 8, the guide rail 5 is inserted into an inclined surface hole of the guide rail, a slide rod 9 is inserted into a circular through hole at the other end of the ball type linear guide rail slide block 8, the slide rod 9 is installed with a compression spring 15 and then fixed on a sleeve 11, when a lead screw motor 12 is not started, the sleeve 11 and the driving shaft 13 are relatively fixed, so that the whole body of the components rotates, the permanent magnet 7 generates relative motion relative to the conductor ring 6 on a driven substrate disc 1, induction current is generated in the conductor ring 6 through electromagnetic induction, and induction magnetic fields generated by the induction current on the conductor ring 6 respectively interact with magnetic fields at the left side and the right side of the permanent magnet 7 to generate electromagnetic torque, the driven base plate 1, the driven shaft sleeve 2 and the driven shaft 3 are driven to rotate.
The speed regulation principle is as follows: the speed regulating device comprises a screw motor 12, a sleeve 11, a compression spring 15, a sliding rod 9 and a ball type linear guide rail slide block 8. As shown in fig. 1, the area of the permanent magnet 7 facing the conductor ring 6 in the initial state is kept maximum. Fig. 4 controls the sleeve 11 with threads to move axially on the driving shaft 13 through the lead screw motor 12, so that the sliding rod 9 fixed on the sleeve 11 moves axially along the driving shaft 13, the axial movement of the sliding rod 9 drives the ball type linear guide rail slider 8 to move along the guide rail 5, and further the permanent magnet 7 fixed on the outer surface of the slider realizes the movement along the guide rail 5, and the facing area of the permanent magnet 7 and the conductor ring 6 is changed, so that the air gap magnetic density is adjusted to realize the speed regulation function, as shown in fig. 5, as the lead screw motor is started, the facing area of the permanent magnet 7 and the conductor ring 6 is reduced.
Example 2
The speed regulation principle of the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the structural difference is that a solid conductor ring of a conductor ring 6 in a conductor truncated cone-shaped disc assembly is replaced by a cage-shaped conductor ring, and the cage-shaped conductor ring consists of a conductor copper disc 17 and a yoke iron disc 16, as shown in fig. 6. The surface of the conductor copper disc 17 is processed with a plurality of rectangular grooves, small bumps with the same shape as the rectangular grooves are processed on the yoke disc 16, the fan-shaped grooves and the small bumps are in interference fit, a cage-shaped conductor ring is formed after the interference fit and is embedded into the right side groove of the driven substrate disc 1, and the conductor ring is fixed on the driven substrate disc 1 in a screw connection, riveting or welding mode. The difference of the working principle lies in that the motor drives the permanent magnet conical disc assembly to rotate, at the moment, the permanent magnet 7 and a cage-shaped conductor ring formed by a yoke iron disc 16 and a conductor copper disc 17 on the driven substrate disc 1 generate relative motion, annular induced current is generated in the cage-shaped conductor ring through electromagnetic induction, and then an induced magnetic field is generated, and the induced magnetic field respectively interacts with the left and right magnetic fields of the permanent magnet 7 to generate electromagnetic torque, so that the conductor conical disc assembly is driven to rotate.