CN110501750A - A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation - Google Patents
A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110501750A CN110501750A CN201910884626.6A CN201910884626A CN110501750A CN 110501750 A CN110501750 A CN 110501750A CN 201910884626 A CN201910884626 A CN 201910884626A CN 110501750 A CN110501750 A CN 110501750A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- reservoir
- oil
- porosity
- formula
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N Nitrovin Chemical compound C=1C=C([N+]([O-])=O)OC=1\C=C\C(=NNC(=N)N)\C=C\C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)O1 XQCFHQBGMWUEMY-ZPUQHVIOSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
- G01V3/38—Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods of Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation.In the earth formation rock, in hole in petroleum and hole water flooding resistivity in quantity it is differential under the premise of, rock is considered as high resistance body with crude oil, low-resistance water flooding is independent as unitary part research.With the full degree of the oil-containing of the thinking Study In Reservoir of (pore volume-stratum water volume)/pore volume.Net pay zone used in the present invention, pure water layer can be obtained by well logging, rock core and yield mutual authentication, grease layer data according to common core analysis, and experimental work amount greatly reduces.Under the method for the present invention, experimental work amount needed for oily saturation degree means of interpretation reduces, experimental technique requirement low (without rock-electric test needed for doing Archie formula in laboratory), experimental cost reduces and be applicable in true resistivity and each gradient resistance rate, workload are more simplified, has larger Technology Potential and economic value in terms of compact oil reservoir saturation degree explanation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is tight sandstone reservoir log interpretation method field, and especially a kind of raising tight sandstone reservoir oil-containing is full
With the method for the Explanation Accuracy of degree.
Background technique
The oil saturation of tight sandstone reservoir explains the precision for being related to reserves calculating, while building to producing on high petroleum zone
Work has direct directive function.Clastic reservoir rock oil saturation is explained in research both at home and abroad, Archie formula is as warp
Allusion quotation method is widely used in many oil reservoirs, calculates in exploration reserves and relates in oil reservoir second interpretation[1,2].In the formula
Stratum factor F and a, b, m, n parameter involved in resistance Magnification I are most important to Explanation Accuracy, and parameter is self by experiment
It obtains, but influences each other again between parameter in experimentation, the precision of each parameter itself is caused to reduce, ultimately cause explanation knot
Fruit is deteriorated.In order to cope with this problem present in classical formulas, the solution new to the further investigated of Archie formula theory, exploration
Thinking and method are released, and then improves the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation, the research work has important
Theoretical and realistic meaning.
A Erqi (Archie) formula is that the oil well logging engineer G E Archie of Shell Co. Ltd, the U.S. is sent out in nineteen forty-two
The law about sandstone resistivity of table:
(1) for it is pure, without shale and 100% aqueous sandstone (i.e. water saturation SwSandstone when=1), electricity
Resistance rate is directly proportional to the resistivity of pore water, and proportionality coefficient is known as stratum factor F.Therefore obtaining stratum factor F is porosity
Function:
(2) for water saturation, less than 1 clean sandstone, (there are also petroleum in addition to water i.e. in the hole of pure sandstone
Or the other kinds of fluid such as natural gas), resistivity is directly proportional to resistivity of the sandstone of the same race when 100% is aqueous, ratio
Example coefficient is known as resistivity index or resistivity amplification coefficient I.
Resistivity index I is water saturation SwFunction:
In formula:
F-relative resistivities, dimensionless；Ro- waterstone resistivity, Ω m；
Rw- formation water resistivity, Ω m；φ-rock porosity, dimensionless；
A-lithology factor, dimensionless；M-structure index, dimensionless；
I-resistance Magnification, dimensionless；Rt- rock true resistivity, Ω m；
B-saturation degree coefficient, dimensionless；Sw- water saturation, dimensionless；
N-saturation exponent, dimensionless.
It can be obtained according to (1) × (2):
Abbreviation can obtain:
Formula (4) i.e. A Erqi saturation degree explains formula, and the explanation of water saturation accounts for storage by first analyzing hole in formula
Layer percent by volume, then analyze aqueous volume and account for the percentage of hole to realize.
Archie formula dispute
Archie formula still has arguement at present, or is queried, wherein mostly important is the following:
(1) factor of n value variation is influenced.A Erqi thinks that saturation exponent is substantially unrelated with rock type, in numerical value
On close to 2.Nineteen fifty-three, the G V Keller for holding a post in Pennsylvania State University discuss the wet of rock
Lubricant nature is on influence caused by the resistivity of rock, it is believed that and in hydrophilic rock, water is that ion migration forms good channel,
Such reservoir resistivity is lower, and n value is smaller.It will cause resistivity when the high oil saturation of oil-wet rock and n increased.Difference research
The experimental result that the targeted Archie formula of person is delivered is conflicting, so there is scholar to suggest utilizing Ying Jinliang when Archie formula
Saturation exponent is determined using core data.Under conditions of lacking experimental data, it should refer to and be estimated by other logging methods
Intensity value, saturation exponent must not be done any it is assumed that not be n ≈'s 2 especially it is assumed that otherwise will must malfunction
Evaluation conclusion accidentally.
Influence saturation exponent factor.It is utilized in PF Worthington in 1985 et al. more more complex than series model
Model prove: the rock for having microcapillary interstice, saturation exponent declines with the raising of water saturation.This
Outside, Worthington and its partner also found, conventional drying process can destroy the micropore of rock.If do not infused
Meaning, conventional drying means can make saturation exponent be higher than actual value.And when carrying out lithology measurement in our laboratories, often all
It is directed to the rock sample disturbed, saturation exponent is interfered to some extent.
(2) the other disturbing factors of rock-electric test result.Under physical condition, reservoir rock subjects certain temperature and pressure, tool
Have wetting properties, and experiment based on A Erqi does not account for these factors, thus the experiment condition that is based on of A Erqi with
True geological conditions has a certain distance.Secondly, the proposition basis of Archie formula is a large amount of core experiment, if rely
The rock sample of water saturation and pore water resistivity is obtained very little or without representativeness, then water saturation is sought
Precision has an impact.
(3) A Erqi applicable object.It is delivered till now from Archie formula, the rock electricity research based on model does not have always
It terminated, had been started new era for the application of the research of rock electricity and electric logging data in reservoir of oil and gas evaluation, but deposit
The problem of it is also very important: rock sample used in A Erqi have high porosity and high permeability, for low hole
The rock of degree is no longer valid.In addition, Archie formula does not account for the influence of shale, and experiments have shown that the presence of clay mineral
So that the conductive mechanism of rock becomes complex, the fresh water saturation sandstone Archie formula failure very low for salinity.
(4) in formula representation, parameter a and b are statistical parameter on earth or corresponding with certain physical mechanism,
Up to the present the problems in or one is being studied.According to the viewpoint of some scholars, b value is to the anti-of rock wetness
It reflects, for identical one group of observation data, different researchers, different research means and different research methods exist different
Explanation results.
Summary of the invention
It is above-mentioned to solve the present invention provides a kind of method of Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation
Technical problem.
To achieve the above object the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of the Explanation Accuracy improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation includes the following steps:
The ratio between aqueous volume and reservoir bulk volume are water-filled porosity in reservoir, reservoir oil-containing volume and reservoir bulk volume it
Than for oil-containing porosity, such reservoir porosity becomes the sum of water-filled porosity and oil-containing porosity, such as formula (5), contain water saturation
Degree becomes the ratio containing porosity and reservoir porosity, and such as formula (6), oil saturation becomes oil-containing porosity and reservoir total pore space
The ratio of degree, such as formula (7)；
φ=φw+φo(5)；
According to the definition of water saturation:
Therefore oil saturation are as follows:
(1) reservoir porosity obtains
As a further solution of the present invention, it is carried out intersecting the explanation side for establishing porosity with AC value with porosity measured value
Method.
As a further solution of the present invention, water-filled porosity preparation method:
A, when reservoir not oil-containing, according to A Erqi law, the relationship of formation resistivity and porosity such as formula (1),
The formula can transform to:
Due to all water floodings of reservoir porosity at this time, so φ=φw, that is, have
B, when reservoir is existing oily and has water, when having oil to have water again in hole, reservoir is rock, shape coexists in oil, water
Reservoir and crude oil are classified as high resistance class, water flooding are classified as low resistance class, petroliferous bed is regarded as (rock+oil)+water at this time by formula
Form, reservoir is divided into the rock containing oil and two parts containing water voids, and A Erqi derivation process Chinese style (8) and reservoir group
Point unrelated, oil-bearing rock is still rock, and oil-bearing rock still meets A Erqi law with containing water voids, but unlike, this
When the water-filled porosity (formula 10) that refers to of porosity；
Formula (11) can transform to:
Obtain no matter reservoir whether oil-containing, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is the function of formation resistivity, and has phase
With form, by demonstration above-mentioned think no matter reservoir whether oil-containing, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is aquifer water-bearing stratum resistance
The function of rate, formula (12)；
φw=f (Ro) (12)；
And under formation conditions, when reservoir to be regarded as to the rock and water flooding two parts containing oil, waterstone resistivity
It is just approximately equal to true formation resistivity, so formula (12) formula also understands simultaneously are as follows: water-filled porosity is both true formation resistivity Rt
Function, be similarly the function (formula 13) of all kinds of bottom gradient resistivity (R0.5, R2.0, R4.0)；
φw=f (Ro)=f1(Rt)=f2(R2.5)=f3(R4.0)=fn(Rx) (13)。
As a further solution of the present invention, water-filled porosity preparation method:
In Archie formula application, the same area, the lithology factor a of layer position oil reservoir and formation water resistivity are constants,
Pure water layer, net pay zone and oil-water-layer are found out respectively.When reservoir is pure water layer, the water-filled porosity of reservoir is equal to reservoir hole
Porosity；When reservoir is net pay zone, water-filled porosity is close to 0；It, then need to be by the actual measurement hole of rock sample when reservoir is oil-water-layer
Porosity, water saturation acquire water-filled porosity, finally establish respective function parsing according to resistivity and water-filled porosity data
Or interpretation chart, formation resistivity and water-filled porosity relationship are obtained with this.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) for A Erqi used in rock sample there is high porosity and high permeability, right
The deficiency of low-porosity rock failure (the 3rd article in Archie formula dispute discussion), the present invention is using compact oil reservoir as object, in oil
Saturation degree explains that aspect can provide certain convincingness.
(2) Archie formula is related to two groups of rock-electric tests, and litho-electric parameters have 4, and experimental technique requires height, and needs a large amount of
Core experiment based on.The present invention is not related to rock-electric test, and 1 parameter of water-filled porosity, method are pertained only in addition to porosity
It is more simple.Net pay zone that the present invention uses, pure water layer can pass through well logging, rock core and yield mutual authentication, grease layer data
It can be obtained according to common core analysis, experimental work amount greatly reduces.
(3) the method for the present invention can be applicable in different gradient resistance rates.In production, rock-electric test uses in Archie formula
True formation resistivity, parameter is also to formulate for true formation resistivity, when drilling well lacks true formation resistivity log data, is satisfied
Explaining with degree can only be replaced using other electrical curves, and explanation results will generate extra error.The discussion of foundation this paper formula (13),
If true formation resistivity missing or distortion, establish that gradient resistance rate is same as water-filled porosity relationship plate to be can achieve explanation and contain
The purpose of oily saturation degree.
(4) the invention proposes the concepts of oil-containing porosity, can calculate for reserves and provide certain convenience.Heterogeneous fine and close oil
Hiding reserves calculate porosity and usually need to weight with oil saturation, and oil-containing unit internal porosity and oily saturation degree isopleth are not
When completely the same, the two weighting is also possible to that certain error can be generated.When two parameters are replaced with one parameter of oil-containing porosity,
Not only weight-computation effort amount is reduced, originally because the error for weighting inconsistent generation can be also eliminated.
Research is by taking Zhengning-Heshui densification block as an example, according to rock, crude oil, formation water resistivity difference, by rock and original
Oil regards oil-bearing rock as, isolates aqueous Pore genesis and individually studies, and proposes new approaches and method that fine and close oily saturation degree is explained,
The high saturation oil area found in explanation results and production is almost the same, provides new way for the explanation of compact oil reservoir oil saturation degree
Diameter.
Compared with classical Archie formula, experimental work amount needed for present invention oil saturation degree means of interpretation reduces, tests skill
Art requires low, experimental cost reduction, applicable true resistivity and each gradient resistance rate, workload more simplified, is saturated in compact oil reservoir
Degree explains that aspect has larger Technology Potential and economic value.
Investigation and comparison Research Thinking between new interpretation method and Archie formula, analyzes the difference in error source, mentions
The wrong treating method for explaining data, and the objective deficiency for discussing new interpretation method out, be this method further research and
Improvement provides Research foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 for Zhengning-Heshui 6 sections of the head of district, long 7 hole porosity-AC cross plots；
28 well water layer electrical property curve graph of Fig. 2 plate；
Fig. 37 well water layer electrical property curve graph of pleasure；
283 well net pay zone electrical property curve graph of the village Tu4Wei；
282 well net pay zone electrical property curve graph of the village Tu5Wei；
211 well of the village Tu6Wei grows 62 oil-water-layer logging curves；
Fig. 7 is formation resistivity and water-filled porosity crossplot；
Fig. 8 is long 72The high oil-containing region of section explains flat distribution map.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
The method for improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation: according to the status of Archie formula, it is believed that
First is that the thinking that developing is new, even avoids it from causing the factor of error second is that reducing, reduces experimental work amount, simplifies its meter
Calculation method.
In fact, oily saturation degree is the percentage that oily phase fluid accounts for total fluid volume in reservoir, it is based on this basic conception
Understanding, present invention introduces water-filled porosities and oil-containing porosity concept: the ratio between aqueous volume and reservoir bulk volume are in reservoir
Water-filled porosity, the ratio between reservoir oil-containing volume and reservoir bulk volume are oil-containing porosity, and such reservoir porosity becomes containing water hole
The sum of porosity and oil-containing porosity (formula 5), water saturation become the ratio (formula 6) containing porosity and reservoir porosity, oil-containing
Saturation degree becomes the ratio (formula 7) of oil-containing porosity Yu reservoir total porosity.
φ=φw+φo(5)；
According to the definition of water saturation:
Therefore oil saturation are as follows:
By formula (7) it can be found that obtaining the oil saturation of reservoir to explain, layer porosity and storage must be just obtained
Water-filled porosity in layer.
Explain the acquisition of parameter
(1) reservoir porosity obtains；
Reservoir porosity can be found out with a variety of methods.By taking Zhengning-Heshui region as an example, 6 sections long, long 7 sections of sandstone well logging is bent
Interval transit time (AC value) has preferable correlation with reservoir porosity in line, so can be handed over porosity measured value and AC value
The means of interpretation that porosity can be established is as shown in Figure 1.
(2) water-filled porosity obtains thinking
The analysis of reservoir water saturation is relative complex, to be divided into two kinds of situations.
A, when reservoir not oil-containing, according to A Erqi law, the relationship of formation resistivity and porosity such as formula (1),
The formula can transform to:
Due to all water floodings of reservoir porosity at this time, so φ=φw, that is, have
B, when reservoir is existing oily and has water, when having oil to have water again in hole, reservoir is rock, shape coexists in oil, water
Formula.Due to Zhengning-Heshui Tight Sandstone resistivity (100 Ω m), petroleum resistivity (> 109Ω m) it is all larger than stratum
Water flooding is classified as low electricity so high resistance class can be classified as reservoir and crude oil by water resistance rate (0.15 Ω m) multiple orders of magnitude
Class is hindered, petroliferous bed can be regarded as the form of (rock+oil)+water at this time, and reservoir may be partitioned into the rock containing oil and contain water hole
Gap two parts.And A Erqi derivation process Chinese style (1) is unrelated with reservoir component[1,2], oil-bearing rock is still rock, so oil-containing
Rock still meets A Erqi law with containing water voids.Unlike but, the water-filled porosity (formula 10) that porosity refers at this time.
Formula (11) can transform to:
No matter reservoir whether oil-containing, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is the function of formation resistivity, and having the same
Form.No matter reservoir whether oil-containing, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is the function of aquifer water-bearing stratum resistivity, formula (12).
φw=f (Ro) (12)；
And under formation conditions, when reservoir to be regarded as to the rock and water flooding two parts containing oil, waterstone resistivity
It is just approximately equal to true formation resistivity, so formula (12) formula also can be regarded as simultaneously: water-filled porosity is both true formation resistivity
RtFunction, be similarly the function (formula 13) of all kinds of bottom gradient resistivity (R0.5, R2.0, R4.0).
φw=f (Ro)=f1(Rt)=f2(R2.5)=f3(R4.0)=fn(Rx) (13)；
(3) water-filled porosity preparation method
In Archie formula application, the same area, the lithology factor a of layer position oil reservoir and formation water resistivity are constants,
The relationship of water-filled porosity and formation resistivity is obtained, screening Zhengning-Heshui block length 6, long 7 section of more than 200 mouth well, 5 are passed through
A reservoir more than the 1000 of segment, finds out pure water layer, net pay zone and oil-water-layer respectively.When reservoir is pure water layer, reservoir contains
Water pore volume is equal to reservoir porosity；When reservoir is net pay zone, water-filled porosity is close to 0；When reservoir is oil-water-layer, then
Water-filled porosity need to be acquired by the actual measurement porosity of rock sample, water saturation.Finally according to resistivity and water-filled porosity number
According to respective function parsing or interpretation chart is established, formation resistivity and water-filled porosity relationship are obtained with this.
A, pure water layer and resistivity corresponding relationship
Research is by taking 28 well of plate and happy 7 wells as an example.The AC value of 28 well water layer of plate is 236 μ s/m, and stratum true resistance is 5 Ω m,
Rock core not oil-containing.It is 10.85% (according to Fig. 1) that the layer, which can be regarded as reservoir pore space angle value, due to being pure water layer, so containing water hole
Porosity is also 10.85% (Fig. 2).Corresponding water-filled porosity is 10.85% when i.e. stratum true resistance is 5 Ω m.Happy 7 wells are long
61Duan Chunshui layers of AC average value are 229 μ s/m, under the conditions of average stratum true resistance is 11 Ω m, true formation resistivity 11
Corresponding water-filled porosity is 9.34% (Fig. 3) when Ω m.Similar also peaceful 28 well, peaceful 44 well, peaceful 26 well etc. is many
Pure water layer, it is numerous to list herein.
A, net pay zone and resistivity corresponding relationship
The 283 well location Yu Ben head of district 7 of the prospect pit village3The region that hydrocarbon source rock is developed the most, the lower minister 7 of the well itself3Duan Fayu thick-layer
Hydrocarbon source rock, and long 71Duan Yuchang 63Section forms high saturation oil-bearing layer.The mud of 20m thickness is covered at 1760~1767m of depth on oil reservoir
Laccolith layer, underlie high quality source rock, and accumulating condition is very superior.102 Ω m of the layer resistivity is local area highest, explains knot
Fruit is net pay zone, and exploitation produces pure oil, rock core without flowable water.Thinking the layer, there is only irreducible water saturations 5.5%, at it
It is about 0.5% (10% porosity background) that water-filled porosity is corresponded under 9.23% background of porosity, it will be appreciated that is formation resistivity
Water-filled porosity 0.5% (Fig. 4) when 110 Ω m.Similar has 282 well of the village long 63It is pure at segment 1675m~1683m
Oil reservoir, 92 Ω m of resistivity correspond to water-filled porosity 0.6% (Fig. 5).
C, oil-water-layer and resistivity corresponding relationship
The water saturation of oil-water-layer can not be in geology angle to analyze net pay zone, the extreme case study of pure water layer, can only
Actual measurement.With 211 well of the village long 62For section, this section of average pore is 11.23%, and average water saturation 24.7% is converted into
Water-filled porosity about 2.7% (Fig. 6, table 1).I.e. it is believed that RtWhen for 43 Ω m, water-filled porosity 2.7%.
1 village of table, 211 well core porosity, saturation degree identify table
According to the Research Thinking both set before, by aforementioned net pay zone, pure water layer, oil-water-layer RtWith water-filled porosity data
It arranges (table 2), fitting function relationship establishes formation resistivity and water-filled porosity interpretation chart.
2 formation resistivity of table and true resistance value table
The selection that formation resistivity intersects relationship with water-filled porosity will have decisive role to the precision of explanation results.
The relative resistivities formula (1) and resistivity Magnification formula (2) of Archie formula show that hole and resistance have exponential relationship.
And above derive in, either reservoir whether oil-containing, according to formula (8), formula (12) it can be concluded that, water-filled porosity and stratum
Resistivity also has exponential relationship, establishes Zhengning-Heshui block length 6, long 7 sections of water-filled porosities and formation resistivity index accordingly
Relationship plate (Fig. 7).
According to plate and fitting formula, water-filled porosity is obtained according to Log Strata resistivity, and reservoir porosity has led to
The acquisition of AC curve interpretation is crossed, obtained water-filled porosity and reservoir porosity, which are substituted into formula (7), can be obtained reservoir oil-containing saturation
Degree.
Explanation results and Archie formula Comparative result
Reservoir interpretation is carried out according to the fine and close classical Archie formula of oil application of local area, all reservoir oil saturations are most
80% or more, it is oil reservoir or net pay zone (table 3) that explanation results, which show all reservoirs all, and the difference of all substratum oil saturation degrees exists
Within 20%.The method of the present invention explains 751 substratums, is distributed between oily saturation degree from -21.6% to 95%, resolution ratio
It improves (table 4).
3 Heshuis of table-Zhengning area Chang-6 reservoir litho-electric parameters value table
Table 4 studies area's Archie formula and explains oil saturation table (part)
Explanation results and production practices compare
Oily saturation degree is drawn according to new method explanation results and is greater than 60% distribution plane figure, by long 61~3, it is long by 71~2Section totally 5
The high oil-containing region and the low aqueous region of high test manufacture oil that a substratum is explained overlap, the high saturation oil area of 5 substratums and production
The area Die He height has preferable consistency, and interpretation result is relatively reliable, enumerates only enumerate long 7 in text herein2Segment solution
The high saturation petroleum province released and production district oil yield overlapping figure (Fig. 8).
The research position of Archie formula are as follows: oil reservoir is regarded as to the combination of stratum and hole first, secondly regards hole as
The combination of water flooding and crude oil.It is based on a large amount of Rock experiments, by first analyzing the lithologic character (a, m parameter) of hole,
Rock electrical feature (b, n parameter) when analyzing oil-containing in hole again realizes the explanation of oily saturation degree, belongs to vertical analysis thinking.
The present invention is considered as rock with crude oil under the premise of resistivity is differential in quantity and is integrated, by pore water independence
Out as unitary part research, the full degree research of oil is converted into the research of reservoir porosity and water-filled porosity, two when research
A parameter is sane level relationship, belongs to horizontal analysis thinking.
(1) error result compares
A Erqi forefathers scholar explains that all reservoir oil saturations are more to the fine and close classical Archie formula of oil application of local area
For number 80% or more, it is oil reservoir or net pay zone that explanation results, which show all reservoirs all, and local area classics Archie formula is explained
Oily saturation degree between maximum saturation difference be less than 20%.The method of the present invention explain oily saturation degree from -10.2% to
It is distributed between 95%, resolution ratio improves.If the research substantially all sand bodies in area are all high according to Archie formula explanation results
Oil-bearing reservoir, the full flat distribution map of oil reservoir are difficult to describe；It is as shown in Figure 8 that the present invention draws high saturation petroleum province after explaining.
For classical Archie formula, if experiment gets parms when having deviation, formula (4) available water saturation
SwGreater than 100%, oil saturation SoFor the result of negative value.According to the compact oil reservoir A Erqi oil saturation degree of the limited participation of the author
It explains in research and relevant Archie formula should be in the investigation of production report, if discovery is direct by rock-electric test initial data
When taking Archie formula parameter, oily saturation degree negative magnitude can be between 0%~-150%.But different researchers adopt same data
Different treatment research is taken, difference is obvious sometimes for explanation results, aforementioned Archie formula application in dispute the 4th article of phenomenon occurs.
Also it will appear water-filled porosity in the present invention and the case where negative value occur greater than porosity, oily saturation degree.The present invention is due to being first
It uses, is only capable of by taking Zhengning-Heshui region as an example, the amplitude of negative value is 0~21.6%.751 reservoirs, negative value number are explained in total
Only 21, negative value ratio 2.80% (table 5).
Table 5 studies area's Archie formula and explains oil saturation negative valued data table
(2) error component compares
A, empirical factor error
In as described in the dispute of aforementioned Archie formula (1) (2) article, Archie formula faces rock sample disturbance, formation condition
With error brought by experiment condition otherness.Washing oil processing had especially been done under laboratory condition, measured a, m parameter
Rock sample refills certain saturation degree grease (and most experiments are no longer under original formation pressure state, lack solution gas) again,
Oil and water zonation form and the matching degree of distributional pattern under the conditions of prime stratum are unknown in pore throat, but the parameter decides
B, the accuracy of n parameter.Further, since b, n parameter are to measure substantially in pore scale.General compact reservoir hole is about
Rock sample volume 10% or so is accounted for, so rock sample scale measurement is narrowed down to pore scale, measurement scale is equivalent to and reduces one
The order of magnitude, and measurement error increases an order of magnitude.Exactly these factors lead to formula in application, as dispute discuss in the
(1) item is limited by the Archie formula theoretical parameter n hypothesis for being approximately equal to 2, n value and theory in compact oil reservoir rock-electric test result
Also the amendment made to 2 tendencies is often deposited when having greater difference.
Testing rock sample in the present invention also can be disturbed, and there is also formation conditions and experiment condition otherness.But experiment needs
The volume (being directed to oil-water-layer) of water in the only reservoir porosity and reservoir pore space of measurement.Grease is assigned in compact oil reservoir rock-electric test
Depositing state disturbances has larger impact to litho-electric parameters, but does not significantly affect to water inventory is contained in hole.Such as: work as oil-containing
Rock sample is from underground mining to earth's surface, and oil gas is because the factors such as volatilization, pressure change original occurrence status, and interior is to its original preservation shape
The difficulty of the quasi- reduction of morphotype is larger.But when rock sample is from underground mining to earth's surface, water flooding volatility is lower, tends to protect in rock sample
It stays, even if water flooding is transported because of disturbance changes preservation position, but it does not change containing water inventory with the variation of preservation position, and
Rock-electric test parameter measurement of the technical requirements also below Archie formula of hole water volume is measured, measurement method is also more mature.
B, log error
In the course of the research, Archie formula and the present invention have been applied to AC value, RtValue, log error is for two
A research is simultaneous.
C, formula factor error
Two groups of rock-electric tests (relative resistivities experiment is tested with resistance Magnification) has been carried out since Archie formula is practical,
Formula (1), formula (2) need to measure two groups of a, m and b, n parameters to interact respectively.If a value has error, m value, which also accordingly exists, to be missed
Difference, two groups of parameter errors have related property.The value of this paper research method porosity is according to AC plate (with Archie formula phase
Together), for water-filled porosity according to water-filled porosity plate, the related property of error is not present when obtaining between each other for parameter, and measurement misses
Difference can not conduct.
In summary tripartite's surface error reason thinks, it is real that the anti-rock sample disturbance ability of the method for the present invention is better than A Erqi rock electricity
It tests, sample grade measurement scale is greater than the hole grade of Archie formula, measuring technique is required lower than rock-electric test, and single parameter
Error will not generate related error.It removes AC value and explains that porosity and Archie formula face outside same error, in other aspects
Anti- error performance is superior to classical Archie formula.
(3) error result is handled
In 751 reservoirs that Zhengning-Heshui area is explained, bears oil saturation degree and explain data totally 21, negative value accounts for gross sample ratio
Rate is 2.80%.The common feature of these reservoirs is that resistivity is lower, is that strip-type is linear referring to AC- porosity in this paper Fig. 1
Relationship thinks: being limited by DATA REASONING or plate accuracy, including AC value or resistivity value is relatively low is likely to cause oily saturation degree
It is construed to negative value (there is also the problems for practical Archie formula).But its lower resistivity reflects High water cut feature, and explanation is answered
It is water layer.Be also likely to be present in addition, the measurement of AC value and resistivity value is higher, but measured value it is bigger than normal with probability less than normal be it is equal,
So explanation results are not in the higher or relatively low situation of whole mean value when research object is large sample.
Log and porosity measurement error are inevitable, a small amount of negative value occur as the explanation results of foundation using it and belong to just
Often occur as.We only need this kind of reservoirs being labeled as water layer, without substantially modifying parameter plate: if because in order to a small amount of
Water layer explanation results, which are negative, just modifies a whole set of research parameter, then most of relatively accurate explanation results may be anti-after amendment
And generate bigger error.Amendment research parameter is only just considered as when negative value occurs in large area, amendment object includes AC- hole
Spend interpretation chart or resistivity-water-filled porosity interpretation chart.
The advantage of research method of the present invention
(1) there is high porosity and high permeability for rock sample used in A Erqi, fail to low-porosity rock
The deficiency of (the 2nd article in Archie formula dispute discussion), the present invention is using compact oil reservoir as object, the energy in terms of oily saturation degree explanation
Certain convincingness is provided.
(2) Archie formula is related to two groups of rock-electric tests, and litho-electric parameters have 4, and experimental technique requires height, and needs a large amount of
Core experiment based on.Context of methods is not related to rock-electric test, and 1 parameter of water-filled porosity is pertained only in addition to porosity, side
Method is more simple.Net pay zone, the pure water layer used in research can be by well logging, rock core and yield mutual authentication, the grease number of plies
According to that can obtain according to common core analysis, experimental work amount greatly reduces.
(3) this paper research method can be applicable in different gradient resistance rates.In production, the author has found rock in Archie formula
Electricity experiment uses true formation resistivity, and parameter is also to formulate for true formation resistivity, surveys when drilling well lacks true formation resistivity
When well data, saturation degree, which is explained, to be replaced using other electrical curves, and explanation results will generate extra error.According to this paper formula
(13) discussion, if true formation resistivity missing or distortion, establishing that gradient resistance rate is same as water-filled porosity relationship plate can
To achieve the purpose that explain oil saturation.
(4) concept of oil-containing porosity is proposed in research process, can calculate for reserves and certain convenience is provided.Heterogeneous cause
Close reservoir reserve calculates porosity and usually needs to weight with oil saturation, and oil-containing unit internal porosity and oily saturation degree are equivalent
When line is not quite identical, the two weighting is also possible to that certain error can be generated.Two parameters are replaced with oil-containing porosity one ginseng
When number, not only weight-computation effort amount is reduced, originally because the error for weighting inconsistent generation can be also eliminated.
Advantage of the invention: (1) research is by taking Zhengning-Heshui densification block as an example, according to rock, crude oil, stratum water resistance
Rate difference regards rock and crude oil as oil-bearing rock, isolates aqueous Pore genesis and individually study, and proposes fine and close oily saturation degree solution
The high saturation oil area found in the new approaches and method released, explanation results and production is almost the same, is saturated for compact oil reservoir oil
Degree, which is explained, provides new approach.
(2) compared with classical Archie formula, experimental work amount needed for oily saturation degree means of interpretation reduces, tests skill herein
Art requires low, experimental cost reduction, applicable true resistivity and each gradient resistance rate, workload more simplified, is saturated in compact oil reservoir
Degree explains that aspect has larger Technology Potential and economic value.
(3) investigation and comparison Research Thinking between new interpretation method and Archie formula, analyzes the difference in error source,
It proposes the wrong treating method for explaining data, and the objective deficiency for discussing new interpretation method, is the further research of this method
Research foundation is provided with improvement.
The above is present pre-ferred embodiments, for the ordinary skill in the art, according to the present invention
Introduction, in the case where not departing from the principle of the present invention and spirit, changes, modifications, replacement and change that embodiment is carried out
Type is still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method for the Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation, which comprises the steps of:
The ratio between aqueous volume and reservoir bulk volume are water-filled porosity in reservoir, and the ratio between reservoir oil-containing volume and reservoir bulk volume are
Oil-containing porosity, such reservoir porosity become the sum of water-filled porosity and oil-containing porosity, such as formula (5)；Water saturation becomes
For the ratio containing porosity and reservoir porosity, such as formula (6)；Oil saturation becomes oil-containing porosity and reservoir total porosity
Ratio, such as formula (7).
φ=φw+φo(5)；
According to the definition of water saturation:
Therefore oil saturation are as follows:
2. a kind of method of Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, reservoir porosity preparation method, is carried out intersecting the means of interpretation for establishing porosity with AC value with porosity measured value.
3. a kind of method of Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, water-filled porosity preparation method:
A, when reservoir not oil-containing, according to A Erqi law, the relationship of formation resistivity and porosity such as formula (8),
The formula can transform to:
Due to all water floodings of reservoir porosity at this time, so φ=φw, that is, have
B, when reservoir is existing oily and has water, when having oil to have water again in hole, reservoir is rock, form coexists in oil, water, by
Reservoir and crude oil are classified as high resistance class, water flooding are classified as low resistance class, petroliferous bed is regarded as the shape of (rock+oil)+water at this time
Formula, reservoir are divided into the rock containing oil and two parts containing water voids, and A Erqi derivation process Chinese style (8) and reservoir component without
It closing, oil-bearing rock is still rock, and oil-bearing rock still meets A Erqi law with containing water voids, but unlike, hole at this time
The water-filled porosity (formula 10) that porosity refers to；
Formula (10) transformation are as follows:
When according to a class reservoir, oil-containing is not with b class reservoir oil-containing, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is the function of formation resistivity
Conclusion, and its expression formula is identical.So in both cases, the water-filled porosity in reservoir is all the letter of aquifer water-bearing stratum resistivity
Number, formula (12)；
φw=f (Ro) (12)；
And under formation conditions, when reservoir to be regarded as to the rock and water flooding two parts containing oil, waterstone resistivity is nearest
Approximately equal to true formation resistivity, so formula (12) formula also understands simultaneously are as follows: water-filled porosity is both true formation resistivity RtLetter
Number, is similarly the function (formula 13) of all kinds of bottom gradient resistivity (R0.5, R2.0, R4.0)；
φw=f (Ro)=f1(Rt)=f2(R2.5)=f3(R4.0)=fn(Rx) (13)。
4. a kind of method of Explanation Accuracy for improving tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation as described in claim 1, feature
It is, water-filled porosity preparation method:
In Archie formula application, the same area, the lithology factor a of layer position oil reservoir and formation water resistivity are constants, respectively
Pure water layer, net pay zone and oil-water-layer are found out, when reservoir is pure water layer, the water-filled porosity of reservoir is equal to reservoir porosity；
When reservoir is net pay zone, water-filled porosity is constraint water pore volume, close to 0；When reservoir is oil-water-layer, then by rock sample
Actual measurement porosity, water saturation acquire water-filled porosity, it is finally corresponding with the foundation of water-filled porosity data according to resistivity
Function parsing or interpretation chart, obtain formation resistivity and water-filled porosity relationship with this.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910884626.6A CN110501750A (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2019-09-19 | A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910884626.6A CN110501750A (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2019-09-19 | A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110501750A true CN110501750A (en) | 2019-11-26 |
Family
ID=68592283
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910884626.6A Pending CN110501750A (en) | 2019-09-19 | 2019-09-19 | A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110501750A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111948114A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for measuring three-porosity of conglomerate core containing clay sand |
| CN113586043A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining bound water saturation parameter and computer equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104712329A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Computing model of mud shale oil gas saturability |
| CN106909754A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-30 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of Low permeability and competent sand reservoir fluid saturation correction method |
-
2019
- 2019-09-19 CN CN201910884626.6A patent/CN110501750A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104712329A (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2015-06-17 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Computing model of mud shale oil gas saturability |
| CN106909754A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-06-30 | 西安石油大学 | A kind of Low permeability and competent sand reservoir fluid saturation correction method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 华北石油会故指挥部勘探二部: "用测井资料解释碳酸盐地层的含油水性", 《石油勘探与开发》 * |
| 朱德怀: "用双孔隙度解释地层的含油性和渗透性", 《江汉石油学院学报》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111948114A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-17 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Method for measuring three-porosity of conglomerate core containing clay sand |
| CN113586043A (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining bound water saturation parameter and computer equipment |
| CN113586043B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2023-10-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining saturation parameters of bound water and computer equipment |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhang et al. | Movability of lacustrine shale oil: a case study of Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin | |
| Wang et al. | Quantitative characterization of reservoir space in the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Shale, southern Sichuan, China | |
| Liu et al. | Insights in the pore structure, fluid mobility and oiliness in oil shales of Paleogene Funing Formation in Subei Basin, China | |
| Zou et al. | Geologic significance and optimization technique of sweet spots in unconventional shale systems | |
| Kuanzhi et al. | A reserve calculation method for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin, NW China | |
| CN107975362A (en) | A kind of evaluation method of lithologic gas reservoirs type gas storage closure | |
| CN109653725A (en) | A layer water flooding degree log interpretation method is stored up based on sedimentary micro and the mixed of rock phase | |
| Xinjun et al. | Methods and key parameters for shale gas resource evaluation | |
| Jiang et al. | Characteristics of micropores, pore throats, and movable fluids in the tight sandstone oil reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, China | |
| CN106223942A (en) | A kind of Conglomerate Reservoir shale content computational methods based on Well logging curve reconstruction | |
| Chenghua et al. | 3D discrete network modeling of shale bedding fractures based on lithofacies characterization | |
| Wang et al. | Novel insights into the movable fluid distribution in tight sandstones using nuclear magnetic resonance and rate-controlled porosimetry | |
| CN110501750A (en) | A method of improving the Explanation Accuracy of tight sandstone reservoir oil saturation | |
| Guoqiang | Challenges and countermeasures of log evaluation in unconventional petroleum exploration and development | |
| Han et al. | Fine-grained rock fabric facies classification and its control on shale oil accumulation: a case study from the Paleogene Kong 2 Member, Bohai Bay Basin | |
| CN110471127A (en) | A kind of well logging permeability means of interpretation | |
| Wei et al. | Experimental study on water flooding mechanism in low permeability oil reservoirs based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology | |
| CN109667576A (en) | A kind of high salinity origin cause of formation low-resistivity reservoir Logging Identification Method | |
| CN106156456A (en) | Sand-conglomerate body invalid reservoir subtraction method | |
| Yanran et al. | Mathematical modeling for total organic carbon content prediction with logging parameters by neural networks: A case study of shale gas well in South China | |
| Davies et al. | Improved prediction of reservoir behavior through integration of quantitative geological and petrophysical data | |
| Wang | Characteristics of Chang 7 shale gas in the triassic Yanchang formation, Ordos basin, China | |
| Zhao et al. | Evaluation method for low-to ultralow-permeability reservoirs based on pore-throat structure: A case study in the eastern Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China | |
| Liang et al. | Opportunities and challenges for gas coproduction from coal measure gas reservoirs with coal‐shale‐tight sandstone layers: A review | |
| Kong et al. | Transient pressure analysis in porous and fractured fractal reservoirs |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20191126 |
|
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |