CN110497036B - Molding method and processing method of movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer - Google Patents
Molding method and processing method of movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110497036B CN110497036B CN201910802941.XA CN201910802941A CN110497036B CN 110497036 B CN110497036 B CN 110497036B CN 201910802941 A CN201910802941 A CN 201910802941A CN 110497036 B CN110497036 B CN 110497036B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
- B23C3/12—Trimming or finishing edges, e.g. deburring welded corners
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F1/00—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface
- B23F1/06—Making gear teeth by tools of which the profile matches the profile of the required surface by milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for molding a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer, relates to the technical field of blade manufacturing processes, and solves the technical problem of difficult molding of low-side teeth. The method comprises the steps of building a foundation model, forming an original positioning surface, a low-side tooth characteristic line, a low-side tooth processing surface and an integral processing surface, and manufacturing the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer. The invention is used for perfecting the processing technology of the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer and meeting the requirement that the connection of the axial flow compressor and the TRT blade root meets the design specification strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of blade manufacturing processes, and particularly relates to a shaping method of a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer.
Background
Blast Furnace Gas excess pressure turbine power generation device, TRT (blast Furnace Top Gas recovery turbine Unit) is a blast Furnace Gas excess pressure turbine power generation device which utilizes heat or waste Gas of blast Furnace smelting, namely, pressure energy and/or heat energy in blast Furnace Top Gas is acted through a turbine expansion machine and converted into mechanical energy, and then the mechanical energy is converted into electric energy. In practice, the axial compressor main shaft and the TRT movable blade root are connected by a tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer which is also called as low-edge tooth, and the purpose is to improve the matching condition between the original blade root and the main shaft mortise, reduce the stress between the main shaft and the blade root and reduce the fatigue fracture phenomenon of the axial compressor and the TRT blade root. The low-edge teeth of the blade root are used as a special blade root form, the blade root of the type is only processed at the low edges of two ends of the original blade root, and the rest dimensions are executed according to respective drawing dimensions. However, the low-profile tooth chamfer design is demanding and design specifications only give guidelines and do not provide a molding method.
In practice, artificial intelligence is brought out, for example, a blank is machined by a numerical control milling machine after being molded, but at present, a method for molding a low-edge tooth does not exist in China, which means that if the molding of the low-edge tooth is unsuccessful, over-cutting or insufficient cutting amount is easy to occur in numerical control machining, so that a bench worker is used for manually grinding the low-edge tooth for a long time, and the defects that the size difference is large, the appearance quality is poor, the service time is short, if the service time is slightly longer, the fatigue fracture phenomenon of an axial flow compressor and a TRT blade root can occur, frequent replacement is needed, a large amount of waste is caused, and the blank of the blade shape molding machining of the low-edge tooth in China is made up.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for molding a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer, which solves the technical problem of difficult molding of low-side teeth. The invention has many beneficial effects, which are described in detail in the following.
On the one hand, the scheme provides a molding method of a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer, wherein the blade tooth is axially connected with a compressor, and the molding method comprises the following steps:
s1: drawing a base model of blade root design based on CAM programming software, forming movable blade tenon teeth connected with a main shaft and a blade root plane determined by the base model on the side surface of the base model, wherein the edge line of the movable blade tenon teeth is intersected with the blade root plane;
s2: cutting initial low-side tooth surfaces at corresponding positions at two ends of the movable blade tenon tooth, and forming a vertical surface along the cutting position of the initial low-side tooth surfaces on the tooth surfaces of the movable blade tenon tooth;
s3: extending the blade root basic model outwards along the edge line of the side surface containing the tenon tooth of the movable blade, forming a new blade root model, forming a new side surface, and reserving the edge line of the original side surface on the new side surface;
s4: based on CAM programming software, reserving intersecting surfaces of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, segmenting intersecting lines of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, respectively rotating the segmenting lines around a central line of a main shaft of a compressor, reserving a smooth first curved surface formed by the intersecting surfaces after a plurality of segments of lines rotate, reserving a surface of the first curved surface cut by the intersecting lines of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, and using the surface as an original positioning surface of a low sideline of the movable blade tenon teeth;
s5: extracting a first straight line segment along the tip edge of adjacent teeth on two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth on the blade root plane based on CAM programming software;
based on the first straight line segment, respectively offsetting two straight line segments in the vertical direction through software, and connecting the staggered end points of the two straight line segments to form a first positioning line;
s6: on the basis of CAM programming software, extracting straight line segments on the tooth tips of the moving blade tenon teeth to serve as second positioning lines, shortening the straight line lengths of the second positioning lines, and bridging the second positioning lines and the first positioning lines on the basis of the CAM programming software to form a smooth first curve;
s7: respectively extracting straight line segments of edge lines, far away from the first positioning line, on the movable blade tenon tooth based on CAM programming software to serve as third positioning lines, and bridging the third positioning lines and the first positioning lines based on the CAM programming software to form a smooth second curve;
s8: respectively connecting the first curve and the second curve on two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth into a smooth curve as a third curve; setting first point sets at intervals on the third curve, and selecting a second point set at a corresponding position on an edge line adjacent to the original positioning surface; bridging the first point set and the second point set corresponding to the first point set to form a plurality of smooth curves, wherein the curves are used as fourth curves, and the plurality of fourth curves are converted into second curved surfaces to be used as machined low-side tooth surfaces;
s9: based on CAM programming software, a plane which is formed by connecting the low-edge tooth surface to be machined with the original positioning surface into a whole is selected out and used as a machining surface of the whole low-edge tooth of the blade root;
s10: based on CAM programming software, a compressor main shaft meeting design size requirements is created, and the contact ratio of the main shaft and the machined surface of the low-side teeth is verified:
if the misalignment between the machined surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is 98% or more, the machined surface of the low-side tooth is set as a milling surface.
If the misalignment between the machining surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is less than 98%, adjusting:
in S4: the number of segments of the intersecting line; and/or
In S5: based on a difference in height of the two straight line segments of the first straight line segment offset and the first straight line segment offset; and/or
In S6: the shortened linear length of the second positioning line;
and the process of S7 to S9 is repeated for recheck.
In a preferred or optional embodiment, in S2, based on CAM programming software, cutting chamfers at corresponding positions at two ends of the bucket tenon tooth, wherein the cutting height of the chamfers in the vertical direction is 0.3-0.6mm, and the axial length of the tenon tooth cut along the axial direction of the bucket tenon tooth is 15% -25% of the axial length of the tenon tooth; the vertical surface is superposed with a groove surface with a length cut along the axial direction of the movable blade tenon tooth.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the length cut axially along the bucket tenon tooth is 20% of the axial length and/or the cut height of the chamfer in the vertical direction is 0.5 mm.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the root base model is extended outwardly by 1-3mm along the edge line of the flank containing the bucket tenon tooth and a new root model is formed, forming a new flank, based on the CAM programming software in S3.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, the intersection line at S4 is divided into 13-20 segments, each segment being rotated about the central axis of the rotor, respectively, leaving an overlap of each segment, and joined to form a smooth first curved surface.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, in S5, the two straight lines are the same length as the first straight line and are respectively drawn with height difference of 0.4mm and 0.5mm downwards along the height position of the first straight line based on CAM programming software;
in S6: shortening the straight line length of the second positioning line by one third to one fourth based on CAM programming software, and bridging the second positioning line and the first positioning line to form a smooth first curve;
in S7: and extracting a straight line segment at the middle position of the slot edge of the movable blade tenon tooth as a third positioning line based on CAM programming software, and bridging the third positioning line and the first positioning line based on the CAM programming software to form a smooth second curve.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, in S8, the first point sets are set at equal intervals on the third curve, and the second point sets are selected at corresponding positions on the edge line adjacent to the original positioning surface,
a processing method for a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer comprises the following steps:
s101: the molding method comprises the steps of forming the above part or all of the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfers;
s201: guiding the modeling file into a high-speed milling device for milling;
s301: and checking the height of the milled tooth-shaped low-side teeth to ensure that the milled tooth-shaped low-side teeth meet the design requirement.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, in S201: the high-speed milling device adopts a D6-R3 or D8-R4 ball-head cutter to finish the low-side tooth finish machining.
In a preferred or alternative embodiment, S301:
grinding the tooth-shaped positioning surface by using red lead powder, and checking whether the low-side teeth are not in contact or not, if the low-side teeth are in contact, checking whether the installation of the ball nose cutter is correct or not.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that: through CAM programming software, the geometric principle of make full use of figure draws the low side tooth that satisfies the designing requirement, can effectual and compressor rotor laminating, as follows introduces:
the core is divided into four steps in total,
firstly, building a basic model based on CAM programming software, namely, building a blank shape, cutting a low-side tooth surface in a selected area, for example, an arc chamfer, selecting 15% -30% of the axial length of the movable blade tenon tooth along the axial direction based on that the two side edges of the movable blade tenon tooth are downward 0.3-0.6mm along the line, creating a vertical surface vertical to the side surface by using points of 15% -30% of the axial length, and respectively extending the edge lines of the original side surface (including one side surface of the movable blade tenon tooth) outwards, wherein the steps correspond to steps S1-S3;
secondly, constructing an original positioning surface:
segmenting the intersecting line of the vertical planes and the tenon teeth of the movable blade, rotating the segmenting line around the central axis of the rotor, and reserving the intersected smooth curved surface after the rotation of the multi-segment line, wherein the curved surface between the two vertical planes is the original blade root plane; taking the non-middle position groove plane as a low-side tooth plane, and performing corresponding step S4;
thirdly, constructing a low-side tooth characteristic line:
based on CAM programming software, extracting straight line segments along the line of the tooth tip edges adjacent to two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth on the blade root plane as first straight line segments, drawing two line segments parallel to the first straight line segments on the blade root plane and adjacent to the position of the first straight line segments, and connecting staggered points of the two parallel points to form a first positioning line;
extracting a straight line section of the tooth tip position of the movable blade tenon tooth to serve as a second positioning line, and reducing the second positioning line;
extracting a straight line section of an edge line of the movable blade tenon tooth far away from the first positioning line to serve as a third positioning line;
bridging the first positioning line with the second positioning line and the third positioning line respectively to form a low-side tooth characteristic line, and positioning to be used as a third curve; corresponding to the steps S5-S7;
fourthly, constructing a low-side tooth characteristic surface:
based on CAM programming software, a point set of a third curve is taken, a point set is taken at a corresponding position on the corresponding edge of the original blade root plane, the point set of the third curve is bridged with the point set on the original blade root plane to form a plurality of curves as fourth curves, the plurality of fourth curves are connected into a smooth plane as a low-edge tooth surface, and the edge tooth surface and the original blade root plane are extracted to be used as a processing surface of the low-edge tooth;
after the four core steps are completed, checking is carried out:
creating a rotor of a compressor meeting the design size requirement, and checking the fitting degree of a main shaft and the processing surface of the low-side teeth:
if the misalignment between the machined surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is 98% or more, the machined surface of the low-side tooth is set as a milling surface.
If the misalignment between the machining surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is less than 98%, adjusting:
in S4: the number of segments of the intersecting line; and/or
In S5: based on a difference in height of the two straight line segments of the first straight line segment offset and the first straight line segment offset; and/or
In S6: the shortened linear length of the second positioning line;
and the process of S7 to S9 is repeated for recheck.
The step greatly submits the requirements of processing effect and design specification, avoids the occurrence of the phenomenon of fatigue fracture of the axial compressor and the TRT blade root caused by large size difference, poor appearance quality, short service time and frequent replacement if the service time is slightly longer in the manual processing method, makes up the domestic blank of opposite-type chamfer processing, and ensures that the axial compressor and the TRT blade root can not fracture when combined.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a bucket configuration;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a configuration of a blade root;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the blade root profile in connection with the spindle;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bucket tooth on a bucket blade root side;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the axial length La of the low-profile teeth;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a vertical plane and bucket tenons;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a segment of an intersecting line of a vertical surface and a tenon tooth of a movable blade;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an original positioning surface segmentation curve formed by segmented rotation of a vertical surface and a movable blade tenon tooth intersecting line around a main shaft;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the first, second and third positioning lines extracted in the molding method for the movable blade tooth-shaped irregular chamfer of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view A of the offset of the second one of the first, second and third alignment lines after extraction in the molding method for a movable blade tooth profile chamfer according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of a low-profile tooth characteristic line in the molding method of the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a selected point set of a characteristic line of a low-profile tooth in the molding method of the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the shaping of the low-side tooth surface in the method for shaping the movable blade tooth-shaped irregular chamfer of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural view of a blade root overall processing surface selected in the method for molding the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a low-profile tooth machined surface verified by the molding method for the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the invention;
FIG. 16 is a flowchart of the overall molding method of the movable blade tooth-shaped irregular chamfer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the invention, and are not exhaustive. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Computer Aided manufacturing (cam) refers to all production preparation activities from product design to manufacturing, and includes CAPP, NC programming, UG, man-hour quota calculation, production plan making, resource demand plan making, etc., and also includes hardware aspects including numerical control machine, machining center, conveying device, handling device, storage device, detection device, computer, etc., and software aspects including database, computer Aided process design, computer Aided numerical control program making, computer Aided design, computer Aided operation plan making and scheduling, computer Aided quality control, etc., which can be understood as an assistant tool to greatly avoid inconvenience and repetitive operability of the conventional manual simulation scheme.
The shaping method of the tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the movable blade shown in the figures 1 to 16 is also a shaping mode of the chamfer of the blade, the blade is connected with a main shaft to form a rotor, and in order that the compressor and the TRT blade root can not be broken, the shaping method is used for manufacturing the low-side tooth processing surface of the blade and processing and shaping the low-side tooth processing surface by a high-speed milling numerical control machine tool. The scheme can be drawn through UG or soildwords software in cam software, and the principle is that the low-side tooth machining surface is obtained through the common surface of the geometric surfaces, and the following details are provided:
as shown in figure 1, the moving blade comprises a blade root 1 and a blade profile 2 integrally connected with the blade root 1, wherein a low-profile tooth processing surface is arranged on the side surface of the blade root 1, the specific shape of the blade root 1 is shown in figure 2, the combination of the blade root 1 and a main shaft is shown in figure 3, and the blade root 1 is arranged on the main shaft to form a rotor.
As shown in fig. 4, the two side portions of the moving blade tenon tooth 3 are low-side tooth surfaces 31, the middle surface is the blade root 1 manually manufactured by the middle positioning surface 32, the misalignment ratio of the low-side tooth surfaces 31 and the main shaft is required to be more than 80%, and the contact ratio or the contact ratio of the middle positioning surface is not less than 90%, so that the appearance quality of the tooth profile is poor, the transmission efficiency is low, and the phenomenon of fatigue fracture of the compressor and the TRT blade root is easy to occur due to the bench work operation.
The conventional axial flow movable blade adopts a rhomboid blade root, the tenon tooth structure is complex and comprises a cylinder, a cone and a plane, the matching surface of the blade root 1 and the main shaft mortise can be a cylindrical surface, and theoretically, the blade root 1 and the main shaft mortise are 100 percent attached. The technical scheme of the scheme can realize that the contact ratio of the middle positioning surface 32 (which has the same meaning as the original positioning surface) is more than or equal to 95 percent, the misalignment ratio of the low-side tooth surface 31 to be processed is more than or equal to 98 percent, the misalignment ratio of 100 percent can be realized, the low-side tooth meeting the design requirement is drawn by utilizing the geometric principle of a figure fully through CAM (computer-aided manufacturing) programming software, and can be effectively matched with a main shaft of a compressor, and the specific method is as follows:
the core is divided into four steps as a whole:
first, building a base model based on CAM programming software
S1, drawing a base model of blade root design based on CAM programming software, determining a movable blade tenon tooth 3 and a blade root plane 4 of a shaft diameter blank on the side surface of the base model, wherein the edge line of the movable blade tenon tooth 3 is intersected with the blade root plane by 4, the blade root plane 4 is a plane facing an operator, the movable blade tenon tooth 3 can be used for programming the shape of the blank through software construction according to the requirements of a design file, for example, by drawing a tenon tooth contour line as a bus, firstly rotating around a rotor axis (namely a main shaft axis) to form an annular groove, and then cutting by a rhombic surface to construct the blank shape of the movable blade tenon tooth 3;
s2 cutting low-side tooth surfaces (blank surfaces) at corresponding positions at two ends of the movable blade tenon tooth 3, wherein the low-side tooth surfaces are, for example, chamfers, the selected positions are shown in FIG. 5, the vertical downward cutting height at the edge of the movable blade tenon tooth 31 is 0.3-0.6mm, preferably 0.5mm, the height is selected based on the model of the blade, for example 63k, 160k, 32k or other models, 0.5mm is a general cutting size, and the larger the general model is, the deeper the selected cutting height is. The horizontal length, which is taken by taking a plane as 5 as a cutting length, is 15% -25% (La area in the figure is a low-side tooth surface area) of the axial length of the tenon tooth of the movable blade, preferably 20%, and the maximum tangential force and normal force borne by the middle positioning surface are ensured. The axial length is shown as L in figure 5, the horizontal cutting length position points at two ends are 20% L, and the optimal cutting position is that the chamfer is formed by cutting 0.5mm downwards.
Drawing a vertical surface 5 with the installation surface (including the side surface of the movable blade tenon tooth 31) at a position with the horizontal cutting length position of 20% La through cam software, wherein the vertical surface 5 is vertical to the installation surface;
s3, based on the CAM programming software, as shown in fig. 6, extending the blade root base model outward along the edge line of the side surface including the bucket tenon tooth 31 and forming a new blade root model, that is, the installation surface extends outward, a new side surface is formed, and the edge line 6 of the original side surface (installation surface) is reserved on the new side surface, and the purpose of extending outward is to reserve a sufficient processing position and ensure the milling precision.
As an alternative embodiment, in S3, the blade root base model is extended outward by 1-3mm along the edge line of the side surface containing the bucket tenon tooth 3 and a new blade root model is formed, and a new side surface is formed, preferably 2mm, so as to meet the requirements of economy and milling precision to the maximum extent.
The number of the movable blade tenon teeth is determined according to design requirements, the low-surface tooth surface structure of a plurality of movable blade tenon teeth can be realized by the mode of the scheme, and one movable blade tenon tooth is taken as an example for simplifying characters.
Secondly, constructing an original positioning surface:
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, S4 retains the intersecting surfaces of the vertical surface 5 and the bucket tenon tooth 3 based on CAM programming software, and segments the intersecting lines 7 thereof, the segment lines respectively rotate around the central line of the main shaft of the compressor, the intersecting surfaces form a smooth first curved surface after the rotation of the multiple segments of lines, and the surface of the first curved surface cut by the intersecting line of the vertical surface 5 and the bucket tenon tooth 3 is retained as the original positioning surface 8 (equivalent to the intermediate positioning surface) of the bucket tenon tooth boundary line.
As an alternative embodiment, in S4, the original blade root contour line (including the intersection line 7) rotates around the rotor axis to form a smooth original blade root curved surface, the intersection line 7 is divided into 13-20 segments, each segment rotates around the rotor axis, and the end points of each segment rotate to form curves, and each curve bridges (i.e., connects the arcs) the points into which the low-profile tooth feature line is divided in a one-to-one correspondence, and serves as one of the feature lines for constructing the new tooth surface. The curved surface between the two vertical surfaces 5 is an original positioning surface 8, the non-middle position groove plane is two sides and is used as a low-side tooth surface 31, and the original positioning surface 8 is a middle positioning surface 32.
Thirdly, constructing a low-side tooth characteristic line:
as shown in figures 9 and 10 of the drawings,
s5, based on CAM programming software, extracting a straight line (extracting the straight line connecting each point of the curve with a tangential point) along a first straight line 9 along the edge of the tooth tip 11 adjacent to the two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth 3 on the blade root plane, respectively drawing two straight lines which are offset to the first straight line 9 on the blade root plane, connecting the end points of the two straight lines which are staggered to form a first positioning line 10, for example, forming two straight lines by respectively offsetting downwards based on the first positioning line 9, drawing the height difference of the downward offset distance of 0.4mm and 0.5mm respectively, indicating that the length of the two straight lines is the same as that of the first positioning line 9, and connecting the staggered end points of the two straight lines.
The left end point of the straight line segment with the offset of 0.4mm is connected with the right end point of the straight line segment with the offset of 0.5mm to form a first positioning line 10;
s6, based on CAM programming software, extracting a straight line segment of the tooth tip 11 on the bucket tenon tooth as a second positioning line 12, shortening the straight line length of the second positioning line 12, and bridging the second positioning line 12 and the first positioning line 9 to form a smooth first curve, for example, shortening the second positioning line 12 by one third to one fourth, bridging the second positioning line 12 and the first positioning line 10 to form a smooth first curve as a part of low-edge tooth characteristic line;
s7 respectively extracts, based on CAM programming software, a straight line segment along an edge of the moving blade tenon tooth 3 away from the first positioning line 9 as a third positioning line 13, bridges the third positioning line 13 and the first positioning line 9, and forms a smooth second curve, for example, a straight line segment at a middle position of a slot edge of the moving blade tenon tooth 3 is extracted as the third positioning line 13, and forms a smooth second curve, the second curve is used as another part of low-edge tooth characteristic line, and the remaining smooth first curves are connected to form a complete low-face tooth characteristic curve 14.
Alternatively, the first positioning line 9 may be bridged with the second positioning line 12 and the third positioning line 13, respectively, to form a low-profile tooth characteristic line, and the positioning is used as a third curve, that is, the complete low-profile tooth characteristic curve 14.
Fourthly, constructing a low-side tooth characteristic surface:
s8 is based on CAM programming soft, respectively connecting the first curve and the second curve at both sides of the moving blade tenon tooth 3 into a smooth curve, as a third curve 14 (complete low-profile tooth characteristic curve), setting first point sets 15 at intervals on the third curve 14, for example, at equal intervals, and selecting a second point set at a corresponding position on the edge line adjacent to the original positioning surface 8; the first set of points 15 and the second set of points 16 corresponding to the positions of the first set of points 15 are bridged to form a plurality of smooth curves, which are used as fourth curves 17, and the plurality of fourth curves are converted into second curved surfaces, for example, in a grid line structure, and the low-profile tooth surfaces are used as low-profile tooth surfaces 31.
By this step, through geometric interconversion, a continuous and smooth low-side tooth flank 31 is finally formed, which can be directly machined by a milling machine.
After the four core steps are completed, checking is carried out:
creating a main shaft of the compressor meeting the design size requirement, and checking the non-coincidence degree of the main shaft and the low-side tooth surface 31:
s9, based on CAM programming software, a plane which is formed by connecting the low-side tooth surface 31 and the original positioning surface 8 into a whole is selected out to be used as an integral low-side tooth processing surface of the blade root 1;
s10, based on CAM programming software, a main shaft of the compressor meeting the design size requirement is established, and the non-overlapping degree of the main shaft and the whole low-side tooth processing surface is verified:
if the misalignment between the low-side tooth processing surface to be processed and the main shaft is more than 98%, the low-side tooth processing surface is used as a low-side tooth processing surface milling surface;
if the misalignment is less than 98%, adjusting the shortened straight line length of the second alignment line in S6, repeating S7-S9 and verifying again.
If the misalignment degree is more than 98%, milling is carried out as a processing surface of the low-side teeth;
if the misalignment ratio is not less than 98%, adjusting:
in S4, the number of segments of the intersecting line; and/or
In S5, based on the height difference between the two straight line segments of the first straight line segment offset and the first straight line segment offset; and/or
In S6, the shortened linear length of the second alignment line is repeated S7 through S9 and re-verified.
The step greatly submits the requirements of processing effect and design specification, avoids the occurrence of the phenomenon of fatigue fracture of the axial compressor and the TRT blade root caused by large size difference, poor appearance quality, short service time and frequent replacement if the service time is slightly longer in the manual processing method, makes up the domestic blank of opposite-type chamfer processing, and ensures that the axial compressor and the TRT blade root can not fracture when combined.
On the other hand, the processing method for the movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer comprises the following steps:
s101, a molding method of the tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of the part or all of the movable blades is included;
s201, the modeling file is guided into a high-speed milling device for milling, the high-speed milling device is manufactured by numerical control milling of an integral hard alloy ball head cutter by selecting a Mikelang HSM800 high-speed milling center, and the machine tool is generally used for manufacturing of dies, is high in speed, efficiency and surface smoothness and precision.
D6-R3 or D8-R4 ball-head cutters are selected to finish low-side tooth finish machining, whether the type of the cutters is correct or not is checked before milling, milling is carried out in a mode of clamping one top and clamping one blade, after checking, a milling program is called, numerical control milling is carried out, the milling program is the prior art, machining of grinding tools is carried out in a mode of realizing artificial intelligence in the prior art, and description is omitted.
S301, checking the height of the milled tooth-shaped low-side tooth to ensure that the tooth-shaped low-side tooth meets the design requirements, for example, checking whether the low side, the large plane and the diamond of the blade root have collision or not, if the collision exists, flattening the tooth-shaped low-side, the large plane and the diamond by using a file, and not allowing a protruding high point to exist, grinding a tooth-shaped positioning surface by using red lead powder, checking whether the low-side tooth is not in contact, wherein the non-contact is a qualified product, and if the low-side tooth is in contact, checking the calling program of equipment or the quality, the appearance and.
The novel low-side-tooth blade root successfully meets the design requirements through the manufacturing method, the novel tooth form which replaces the conventional high-side-tooth-form blade root is manufactured, the stress of the blade root can be reduced, the operation safety of the blade is improved, the novel low-side-tooth blade root is firstly used on a first-steel AV100-18 axial-flow unit and popularized and used on 100 units such as Bao-Steel Zhanjiang, the safety is greatly improved after the reliability verification, and the blank of the domestic manufacturing process is made up.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes and substitutions within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A molding method of a tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer of a movable blade, the movable blade is connected with a main shaft of a compressor, and the molding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: drawing a base model of blade root design based on CAM programming software, forming movable blade tenon teeth connected with a main shaft and a blade root plane determined by the base model on the side surface of the base model, wherein the edge line of the movable blade tenon teeth is intersected with the blade root plane;
s2: cutting initial low-side tooth surfaces at corresponding positions at two ends of the movable blade tenon tooth, and forming a vertical surface along the cutting position of the initial low-side tooth surfaces on the tooth surfaces of the movable blade tenon tooth;
s3: extending the blade root basic model outwards along the edge line of the side surface containing the tenon tooth of the movable blade, forming a new blade root model, forming a new side surface, and reserving the edge line of the original side surface on the new side surface;
s4: based on CAM programming software, reserving intersecting surfaces of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, segmenting intersecting lines of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, respectively rotating the segmenting lines around a central line of a main shaft of a compressor, reserving a smooth first curved surface formed by the intersecting surfaces after a plurality of segments of lines rotate, reserving a surface of the first curved surface cut by the intersecting lines of the vertical surface and the movable blade tenon teeth, and using the surface as an original positioning surface of a low sideline of the movable blade tenon teeth;
s5: extracting a first straight line segment along the tip edge of adjacent teeth on two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth on the blade root plane based on CAM programming software;
based on the first straight line segment, respectively offsetting two straight line segments in the vertical direction through software, and connecting the staggered end points of the two straight line segments to form a first positioning line;
s6: on the basis of CAM programming software, extracting straight line segments on the tooth tips of the moving blade tenon teeth to serve as second positioning lines, shortening the straight line lengths of the second positioning lines, and bridging the second positioning lines and the first positioning lines on the basis of the CAM programming software to form a smooth first curve;
s7: respectively extracting straight line segments of edge lines, far away from the first positioning line, on the movable blade tenon tooth based on CAM programming software to serve as third positioning lines, and bridging the third positioning lines and the first positioning lines based on the CAM programming software to form a smooth second curve;
s8: respectively connecting the first curve and the second curve on two sides of the movable blade tenon tooth into a smooth curve as a third curve; setting first point sets at intervals on the third curve, and selecting a second point set at a corresponding position on an edge line adjacent to the original positioning surface; bridging the first point set and the second point set corresponding to the first point set to form a plurality of smooth curves, wherein the curves are used as fourth curves, and the fourth curves are converted into second curved surfaces which are used as low-side tooth surfaces to be processed;
s9: based on CAM programming software, a plane which is formed by connecting the low-edge tooth surface to be machined with the original positioning surface into a whole is selected out and used as a machining surface of the whole low-edge tooth of the blade root;
s10: based on CAM programming software, a compressor main shaft meeting design size requirements is created, and the contact ratio of the main shaft and the machined surface of the low-side teeth is verified:
if the misalignment between the machined surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is 98% or more, the machined surface of the low-side tooth is set as a milling surface:
if the misalignment between the machining surface of the low-side tooth and the main shaft is less than 98%, adjusting:
in S4: the number of segments of the intersecting line; and/or
In S5: based on a difference in height of the two straight line segments of the first straight line segment offset and the first straight line segment offset; and/or
In S6: the shortened linear length of the second positioning line;
the process of S7 through S9 is repeated and re-verified.
2. The molding method of the tooth-shaped chamfer of a movable blade according to claim 1, characterized in that,
in S2: cutting chamfers at corresponding positions at two ends of the movable blade tenon tooth based on CAM programming software, wherein the cutting height of the chamfers in the vertical direction is 0.3-0.6mm, and the axial length of the chamfers along the axial direction of the movable blade tenon tooth is 15% -25%; the vertical surface is perpendicular to a groove surface of a length axially cut along the movable blade tenon tooth.
3. The molding method of the tooth-shaped chamfer of a movable blade according to claim 2, characterized in that,
the axial length of the axial cutting of the movable blade tenon tooth is 20% and/or the cutting height of the chamfer in the vertical direction is 0.5 mm.
4. The molding method of the tooth-shaped chamfer of a movable blade according to claim 1, characterized in that,
in S3: and (3) extending the blade root basic model outwards by 1-3mm along the edge line of the side surface containing the movable blade tenon tooth based on CAM programming software, and forming a new blade root model to form a new side surface.
5. The molding method of the rotor blade tooth profile chamfer according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the intersecting line is divided into 13-20 segments, each segment is rotated around the center line of the main shaft, and the overlapped part of each segment is retained and connected into a smooth first curved surface.
6. The molding method of the tooth-shaped chamfer of a movable blade according to claim 1, characterized in that,
in S5: respectively biasing two straight line segments downwards by a height difference of 0.4mm and 0.5mm, and connecting staggered end points of the two straight line segments to form a first positioning line;
in S6: shortening the straight line length of the second positioning line by one third to one fourth based on CAM programming software, and bridging the second positioning line and the first positioning line to form a smooth first curve;
in S7: and extracting a straight line segment at the middle position of the slot edge of the movable blade tenon tooth as a third positioning line based on CAM programming software, and bridging the third positioning line and the first positioning line to form a smooth second curve.
7. The molding method of the tooth-shaped chamfer of a movable blade according to claim 1, characterized in that,
in S8: and arranging first point sets at equal intervals on the third curve, and selecting a second point set at a corresponding position on an edge line adjacent to the original positioning surface.
8. A processing method for a movable blade tooth-shaped special-shaped chamfer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s101: a molding method comprising the bucket tooth-shaped odd-shaped chamfer as defined in any one of claims 1 to 7;
s201: guiding the modeling file into a high-speed milling device for milling;
s301: and checking the height of the milled tooth-shaped low-side teeth to ensure that the milled tooth-shaped low-side teeth meet the design requirement.
9. The method for machining a tooth-shaped chamfer according to claim 8, wherein the chamfer is a tapered chamfer,
in S201: the high-speed milling device adopts a D6-R3 or D8-R4 ball-head cutter to finish the low-side tooth finish machining.
10. The method for machining a tooth-shaped chamfer according to claim 8, wherein the chamfer is a tapered chamfer,
in S301: grinding and combining the tooth-shaped positioning surface by using red lead powder, and checking whether the lower teeth are not contacted.
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| CN1433551A (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2003-07-30 | 享利克·奥利克斯 | Process for contour control mochining of metal blocks |
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| CN110173459A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-08-27 | 清华大学 | Blade and its formative method and turbine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20090208339A1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-08-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Blade root stress relief |
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| CN1433551A (en) * | 2000-01-05 | 2003-07-30 | 享利克·奥利克斯 | Process for contour control mochining of metal blocks |
| CN103056625A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-24 | 中国人民解放军总参谋部第六十研究所 | Integral impeller 5-axis machining method based on UG NX system platform |
| CN104690350A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-06-10 | 西北工业大学 | Numerical control machining method of mortise chamfering angles |
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