CN110494406A - 用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品 - Google Patents
用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110494406A CN110494406A CN201880023849.7A CN201880023849A CN110494406A CN 110494406 A CN110494406 A CN 110494406A CN 201880023849 A CN201880023849 A CN 201880023849A CN 110494406 A CN110494406 A CN 110494406A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- aggregate
- filler
- sio
- article
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/22—Glass ; Devitrified glass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
- B28B1/082—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting combined with a vacuum, e.g. for moisture extraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/022—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form combined with vibrating or jolting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/003—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/0001—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/242—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete
- B29C67/243—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete for making articles of definite length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
- B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
- B29C67/242—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete
- B29C67/243—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete for making articles of definite length
- B29C67/244—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete for making articles of definite length by vibrating the composition before or during moulding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/06—Quartz; Sand
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/303—Alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/304—Magnesia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
- C04B14/306—Zirconium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/18—Polyesters; Polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0041—Non-polymeric ingredients chosen for their physico-chemical characteristics
- C04B2103/0043—Compounds chosen for their specific Moh's hardness
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
- C04B2103/0075—Anti-dusting agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00129—Extrudable mixtures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/54—Substitutes for natural stone, artistic materials or the like
- C04B2111/542—Artificial natural stone
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
Abstract
在用于制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法中,物品从包含骨料和粘合剂的初始混合物获得。合成骨料和填料具有大于或等于5莫氏硬度的硬度,并且包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅,呈结晶形式的二氧化硅以按重量计小于1%的量存在。
Description
本发明涉及用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板(slab)或块(block)的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品。
具体地,本发明涉及用于制造呈板形式或块形式的物品的方法,其中初始混合物(initial mix)由具有预先确定的粒度的石材或石材样材料的颗粒物以及有机硬化粘合剂和/或无机硬化粘合剂组成。
已知例如通过轧制、按压、挤出或通过工艺来生产这种类型的物品。
轧制例如在制造包含矿物填料诸如氢氧化铝或碳酸钙的陶瓷板或树脂板期间使用。在此工艺中,待被压实的混合物例如被分布在可以由钢制成的传送带(conveyor belt)的顶部上,并且然后通过一个或更多个钢筒压碎,所述钢筒经受来自液压类型或气动类型的上方的按压力(pressing force)。
按压例如被用于陶瓷板的制造。在此工艺中,待被压实的混合物被分布在支撑物例如传送带的顶部上,并且然后通过压力机压头(press ram)压碎,该压力机压头具有略微大于待获得的物品的表面积。
挤出被用于制造包含矿物填料诸如氢氧化铝或碳酸钙的陶瓷板或树脂板。待形成的混合物通过具有板的横截面的形状的模具被挤出,其通过螺杆按压(screw-pressing)或液压***来推动。在模具的下游,挤出的物品例如安放在传送带上。
关于体系,由石材材料骨料和粘合剂组成的混合物被倾倒入临时保持器中并且在真空下在同时压缩的情况下经受振动(真空振动压缩(vacuum vibro-compression))。
此工艺的重要部分是真空振动压缩,真空振动压缩允许使用最少量的粘合剂的可能性,并且因此允许使用最大量的石材或石材样骨料的可能性,这获得具有非常天然外观的板。
利用此工艺,可以获得具有也与2.1m×3.6m一样大的尺寸以及可以与30mm或更多一样厚的厚度的板。
考虑到初始混合物的可能成分,这些成分可以包括骨料、填料、粘合剂、添加剂以及着色剂。
骨料通常由天然矿物组成,这些矿物可以具有硅质性质,例如石英、花岗岩、斑岩、玄武岩、石英岩、硅砂;或者具有钙质性质,例如大理石、白云石、有色石材(colouredstone)等。
取决于在最终产品中要获得的美学特性和物理特性/机械特性,这些材料可以以不同尺寸的砂或颗粒物的形式使用。
有时,出于美学的原因,制剂还可以包括有色玻璃颗粒物(coloured-glassgranule),即使它们不是非常耐刮擦的,具有通常不大于4的莫氏硬度;或其他装饰性要素(element),例如压碎的壳(crushed shell)。有时,玻璃颗粒物还以高百分比使用,以便获得特殊的美学效果,即使获得具有差的耐刮擦性或耐磨性的物品。
矿物填料是与粘合剂一起使用以形成所谓的粘合糊剂(binding paste)的材料。填料通常由精细碾磨的不同类型的石材材料组成,例如用于用硅质骨料形成的团聚物(agglomerate)的充气二氧化硅(aerated silica)或充气长石(aerated feldspar)以及用于用钙质骨料形成的团聚物的碳酸钙或氢氧化铝。
使用分别碾磨成砂或细粉末的石英作为骨料或填料制成的物品在商业上已经变得广泛。由于石英的透明性,在合适地添加有色颜料的情况下,可以生产具有高品质外观(high-quality appearance)的物品,这些物品非常耐刮擦/磨损和耐化学剂例如常用的酸(柠檬汁中包含的柠檬酸、作为醋的组分的乙酸等)。
常用的有机性质的粘合剂是树脂,例如不饱和聚酯树脂,或丙烯酸树脂或丙烯酸/聚氨酯树脂,或另外植物来源的树脂,例如用酸酐环氧化的籽油。
可选择地,可以使用胶结性质的粘合剂。
如本领域技术人员熟知的,在树脂的情况下,硬化优选地通过在烘箱内部施加热来进行,而在胶结粘合剂的情况下,需要进行板的固化。
添加剂是以小量添加至混合物中以便获得给定结果的组分,例如用于使树脂或有色颜料硬化的催化剂和促进剂(accelerator)。
这种类型的方法被描述在意大利专利第1117346号和第1056388号中。
现有技术尽管被广泛地使用和理解,但其并非没有缺点。
一个特别麻烦的缺点起因于使用诸如石英或石英岩或硅砂的材料作为骨料和填料,或者更通常地,使用在最终物品的机械加工(例如板的切割)期间导致形成呈结晶态的二氧化硅(SiO2)粉尘的材料。
此粉尘当分散到大气中时,如果被吸入,可能对人体健康非常有害,造成被称为硅肺病的肺病。
该问题对于本领域技术人员是熟知的,并且通常进行机械加工的人员应当穿戴被设计成防止吸入粉尘的个人防护装置。
然而,如果在机械加工例如切割或成形期间,水被输送到工具和材料之间的接触的区域中,则该不出现问题,因为这防止呈粉尘的形式的有害物质传播到空气中。
然而,这两种预防条件(使用个人防护装置和/或用水喷雾机械加工区)并不总是被遵守,并且因此存在对在上游产生最终产品的需求,所述最终产品具有期望的机械性质和/或色彩性质,但完全避免对操作者有害的物质的产生并且从而避免可能导致对操作者的健康严重损伤的不正确的行为的后果。
本发明的目的是结合石英作为骨料和填料的广泛工业使用,至少部分地解决现有技术的缺点。
因此,本发明的第一任务是提供用于制造物品的方法,所述物品在不使用石英的情况下制成,但是在外观和性能方面具有类似于包含石英并且在机械加工操作期间不产生结晶的二氧化硅粉尘的产品的特性。
本发明的第二任务是提供物品,所述物品在不使用石英的情况下制成,但是所述物品在外观和性能方面具有类似于包含石英并且在机械加工操作期间不产生结晶的二氧化硅粉尘的产品的特性。
该目的和任务在使用根据权利要求1的骨料的情况下、用根据权利要求10的方法和用根据权利要求25的物品来实现。
本发明的优点和特性特征将从在下文通过非限制性实例的方式提供的实施方案的多个实例的详细描述中更清楚地呈现。
特别地,已经出现的构思是在用于制造呈板或块形式的物品的方法中,使用非常硬的且半透明的或发白的、具有类似于石英的外观,但包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的合成骨料和填料,而不是使用从石英的碾磨获得并且在机械加工操作例如切割期间可能造成上述问题的骨料和/或填料。
基本上,已经出现的构思是使用非常硬的且半透明或发白的、具有类似于石英的外观、但包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的合成骨料和填料,而不是使用在(板或块)机械加工工艺期间将产生结晶的二氧化硅粉尘的石英。
包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的合成骨料和填料可以是特殊的无定形玻璃,在技术术语中被称为“玻璃料”,其是非常硬的且半透明的或发白的、具有类似于石英的外观;可以存在痕量的呈结晶形式的二氧化硅,但在任何情况下以小于按重量计1%的量。
具有这些特性的玻璃料可以通过在约1550℃熔化选择的天然矿物粉末的混合物来获得。从熔化炉中输出的熔融材料被水射流直接撞击用于迅速冷却,然后干燥、碾磨并且分离成期望的粒度测定的级分(granulometric fraction)。
较细的粒度测定的级分被用作填料。
根据本发明的可能的实施方案,包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的具有硬度≥5莫氏硬度的合成骨料和填料可以形成初始混合物中的骨料和填料的按重量计至少70%。有利地,包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的具有硬度≥5莫氏硬度的合成骨料和填料可以形成初始混合物中的骨料和填料的在按重量计70%和按重量计100%之间。
有利地,所使用的具有硬度≥5莫氏硬度的玻璃料可以具有以下化学组成:
-48%<SiO2<73%,
-12%<CaO<30%,
-1.5%<MgO<11%,
-1.0%<Al2O3<19%,以及
-0%<ZrO2<20%。
或者所使用的具有硬度≥5莫氏硬度的玻璃料可以具有以下化学组成:
-43%<SiO2<80%,
-5%<CaO<30%,
-0%<MgO<12%,
-0%<Al2O3<25%,以及
-0%<ZrO2<20%,
-0%<Na2O<12%,
-0%<K2O<10%。
任选地,玻璃料还可以包含以下另外的组分:
-0%<B2O3<10%、
-0%<ZnO<10%,
-0%<BaO<10%,
-0%<Li2O<5%,
-0%<P2O5<5%。
有利地,具有硬度≥5莫氏硬度的玻璃料可以具有颜色,所述颜色具有高白度(其中L>95),或者是半透明的。这些颜色类似于已知类型的初始混合物中使用的石英的颜色。
为此目的,发色团的量必须特别低,使得上述化学组成还可以包括:
-Fe2O3<0.1%;以及
-TiO2<0.1%。
玻璃料颗粒物的硬度可以优选地大于5莫氏硬度,并且甚至更优选地大于6莫氏硬度。
此外,所使用的玻璃料是耐酸的(除了氢氟酸),并且对强碱具有良好的耐性。此外,所使用的玻璃料的特征为总的化学惰性和完全的水不溶性(即使在热条件下),也不需要另外的热处理。有利地,没有可能存在的任何金属的释放。
此外,所使用的玻璃料在碾磨期间具有良好的收率,其中当碾磨时具有产生粉尘或薄片(flake)的有限趋向。
特别有利的是将混合物保持为糊剂状。根据本发明的可能的实施方案,粘合树脂由等于按重量计小于30%的量组成。
用于制造物品的方法的其他步骤保持大体上与现有技术相同。
关于轧制,在混合物已经被制备之后,其被横向地分布在传送带的顶部上,使得所述混合物的上表面可以经受至少一个圆筒的按压作用。按压作用可以通过液压装置或气动装置来提供。
在此工艺的可能的变型中,混合物在被分布在传送带上之后可以通过与第一带相对并且与第一带同步的第二按压带来压实,经受压碎作用。
有利地,以本领域技术人员本身已知的方式,抗粘材料的分离片材(separatingsheet)可以被***在带和混合物之间以及混合物和至少一个按压圆筒(或带)之间。
在其中混合物被用于按压工艺的情况下,混合物被横向地分布在支撑物例如传送带的顶部上,并且然后通过压力机压头经受按压作用。有利地,压力机压头可以具有大于待获得的物品的表面积的表面积。根据本发明的可能的实施方案,按压力通过液压装置产生。
有利地,抗粘材料的分离片材可以被布置在带和混合物之间以及压力机压头和混合物之间。
关于挤出,制备的混合物通过具有板的横截面的形状的模具被挤出。该设备还包括可以例如是螺杆类型或液压类型的按压元件。根据可能的实施方案,在物品已经被挤出之后,其例如安放在传送带上,在必要的地方在其间布置抗粘材料的膜。
在替代工艺的情况下,在初始混合物已经被制备之后,其被沉积在临时保持器内部,所述临时保持器可以是所谓的托盘模具(在板的情况下)或模壳(在块的情况下)。
然后,混合物的表面可以覆盖有一层类似于形成托盘模具的材料的材料,或者在用于生产块的模壳的情况下覆盖有盖(lid)。
然后,包含混合物的保持器被***到钟状物(bell)内部,在钟状物内部产生真空并且使混合物经受经由压力机压头的真空振动压缩。
有利地,产生的真空可以具有在10毫巴和25毫巴之间的残余压力。有利地,真空振动压缩可以持续在30秒和70秒之间。
在振动压缩操作已经完成之后,恢复大气压力并且打开钟状物。
然后,在其中使用树脂作为粘合剂的情况下,可以通过上文描述的方法中的任一种获得的板被转移到催化烘箱中,或者在其中使用胶结粘合剂的情况下,板被留下固化。
在物品已经被硬化之后,物品将根据需要从保持器中取出,并且被传送出去,用于精加工操作(finishing operation)。
因此,与用于根据现有技术制造呈板或块的形式的物品的常规方法相比可以获得的优点是明显的。
首先,可以生产具有高品质外观并且耐刮擦和耐化学剂的物品,所述物品在机械加工操作例如切割期间不导致呈结晶形式的二氧化硅粉尘的形成。
其次,通过防止该组分的形成,可以预先避免操作者在机械加工操作期间的任何不正确的行为的后果。
此外,可以获得具有与用石英实现的美学特性、机械特性和性能特性非常相似的美学特性、机械特性和性能特性的板,其目前的市场是非常广泛的且在市场上是受欢迎的。
为了满足特定的需求,本领域技术人员可以对上文描述的实施方案进行修改和/或用等效的要素替换所描述的要素,而从而不偏离所附权利要求的范围。
Claims (25)
1.具有石材样外观的合成骨料和填料在用于制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法中的用途,所述物品从包含骨料和任选地填料和粘合剂的初始混合物获得,
其中所述合成骨料和填料具有大于或等于5莫氏硬度的硬度,并且包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅,呈结晶形式的二氧化硅以按重量计小于1%的量存在,以便减少在这些物品的机械加工期间产生的呈结晶形式的二氧化硅粉尘的量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成骨料和填料的用途,其特征在于,所述物品用一定方法获得,在所述方法期间,所述初始混合物经历真空振动压缩,随后是其中进行所述粘合剂的硬化的步骤。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅的所述合成骨料是玻璃料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料形成所述初始混合物中的所述骨料和填料的按重量计至少70%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料形成所述初始混合物中的所述骨料和填料的在按重量计70%和按重量计100%之间。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料具有以下化学组成:
48%<SiO2<73%,
12%<CaO<30%,
1.5%<MgO<11%,
1.0%<Al2O3<19%,以及
0%<ZrO2<20%,
所述SiO2大体上仅以无定形形式存在,并且在任何情况下,其中呈结晶形式的SiO2的可能含量小于按重量计1%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料具有以下化学组成:
43%<SiO2<80%,
5%<CaO<30%,
0%<MgO<12%,
0%<Al2O3<25%,以及
0%<ZrO2<20%,
0%<Na2O<12%,
0%<K2O<10%,
所述SiO2大体上仅以无定形形式存在,并且在任何情况下,其中呈结晶形式的SiO2的可能含量小于按重量计1%。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的用途,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料的化学组成还包括以下另外的组分:
0%<B2O3<10%,
0%<ZnO<10%,
0%<BaO<10%,
0%<Li2O<5%,
0%<P2O5<5%。
9.根据权利要求6-8中任一项所述的用途,其特征在于,所述组成还包括Fe2O3<0.1%和TiO2<0.1%。
10.用于制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法,所述物品从包含骨料和粘合剂的初始混合物获得,其特征在于,它包含具有大于或等于5莫氏硬度的硬度的石材样合成骨料和填料,所述石材样合成骨料和填料包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅,呈结晶形式的二氧化硅以按重量计小于1%的量存在。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述初始混合物经历真空振动压缩,随后是粘合剂硬化步骤。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述初始混合物经受轧制工艺,在所述轧制工艺中,所述混合物被横向地分布在传送带的顶部上,使得所述混合物的上表面可以通过圆筒或通过被定位成与第一带相对的第二同步带经受按压作用。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物经受按压工艺,在所述按压工艺中,所述初始混合物被横向地分布在支撑物的顶部上并且然后通过压力机压头经受按压作用。
14.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述混合物通过具有所述板的横截面的形状的模具经受挤出工艺。
15.根据权利要求10-14中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,骨料和填料的按重量计至少70%由具有大于或等于5莫氏硬度的硬度的合成骨料和填料组成,所述合成骨料和填料包含大体上仅呈无定形形式的二氧化硅。
16.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料形成所述初始混合物中的所述骨料和填料的在按重量计70%和按重量计100%之间。
17.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,合成骨料是具有以下化学组成的无定形玻璃料:
48%<SiO2<73%,
12%<CaO<30%,
1.5%<MgO<11%,
1.0%<Al2O3<19%,以及
0%<ZrO2<20%,
所述SiO2大体上仅以无定形形式存在,并且在任何情况下,其中呈结晶形式的SiO2的可能含量小于按重量计1%。
18.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成骨料是具有以下化学组成的无定形玻璃料:
43%<SiO2<80%,
5%<CaO<30%,
0%<MgO<12%,
0%<Al2O3<25%,以及
0%<ZrO2<20%,
0%<Na2O<12%,
0%<K2O<10%,
所述SiO2大体上仅以无定形形式存在,并且在任何情况下,其中呈结晶形式的SiO2的可能含量小于按重量计1%。
19.根据权利要求17和18中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成骨料和填料的化学组成还包括以下另外的组分:
0%<B2O3<10%,
0%<ZnO<10%,
0%<BaO<10%,
0%<Li2O<5%,
0%<P2O5<5%。
20.根据权利要求17-19中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述化学组成还包括Fe2O3<0.1%和TiO2<0.1%。
21.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,使用的所述粘合剂具有有机性质。
22.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,使用的有机粘合剂是不饱和聚酯树脂。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,使用的所述树脂是等于按重量计小于30%的量。
24.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述粘合剂具有胶结性质。
25.用根据权利要求10-23中任一项所述的方法获得的物品。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT102017000040155A IT201700040155A1 (it) | 2017-04-11 | 2017-04-11 | Procedimento per la realizzazione di manufatti in forma di lastra o blocco con un legante induribile, e manufatti così ottenuti |
IT102017000040155 | 2017-04-11 | ||
IT102018000003001 | 2018-02-23 | ||
IT102018000003001A IT201800003001A1 (it) | 2018-02-23 | 2018-02-23 | Procedimento per la realizzazione di manufatti in forma di lastra o blocco con un legante induribile, e manufatti così ottenuti. |
PCT/IB2018/052483 WO2018189663A1 (en) | 2017-04-11 | 2018-04-10 | Method for manufacturing articles in the form of a slab or block with a hardening binder, and articles thus obtained |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110494406A true CN110494406A (zh) | 2019-11-22 |
Family
ID=62104337
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201880023849.7A Pending CN110494406A (zh) | 2017-04-11 | 2018-04-10 | 用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11753336B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3609854A1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR102504574B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110494406A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2018253406B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112019020488A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3059944A1 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL269734B2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2018189663A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT201800020944A1 (it) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-21 | Luca Toncelli | Metodo per la produzione di manufatti colorati in lastra vetroceramica a partire da un impasto base, fritta vetrosa per la realizzazione dellimpasto base e manufatto colorato in lastra vetroceramica così ottenuto |
IT201800020920A1 (it) | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-21 | Luca Toncelli | Metodo per la produzione di manufatti in lastra a partire da un impasto base, fritta vetrosa per la realizzazione dellimpasto base e manufatto in lastra così ottenuto |
EP3771701B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-09-08 | Cosentino Research & Development, S.L. | Artificial agglomerate stone article comprising synthetic silicate granules |
EP3771702A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-03 | Cosentino Research & Development, S.L. | Artificial agglomerate stone article comprising synthetic silicate granules |
IT201900016043A1 (it) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-03-11 | Luca Toncelli | Metodo ed impianto per la produzione di materiali granulati atti ad essere utilizzati per la realizzazione di manufatti in lastra o blocco a partire da un impasto |
IT201900018890A1 (it) | 2019-10-15 | 2021-04-15 | Luca Toncelli | Metodo per la produzione di materiali granulati atti ad essere utilizzati per la realizzazione di manufatti in lastra o blocco a partire da un impasto |
EP3945079A1 (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-02-02 | Sibelco Nederland N.V. | A glass composition, a method of forming a glass composition and uses of a glass composition |
EP4389717A1 (en) | 2022-12-22 | 2024-06-26 | Cosentino Research & Development, S.L. | Artificial agglomerated stone article comprising opaque white granulated vitreous material and method for the manufacture of said article |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3396067A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1968-08-06 | Mira Chem Inc | Resinous product simulating onyx |
US5164425A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1992-11-17 | Showa Denko K.K. | Artificial marble composition |
JPH092858A (ja) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-01-07 | Nippon Fueroo Kk | 人造大理石用樹脂組成物 |
CA2060041C (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1999-04-06 | Katari S. Raju | Molded composite polyester articles having improved thermal shock resistance |
WO2006084827A1 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-17 | Luca Toncelli | Method for manufacturing articles in the form of slabs |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT1056388B (it) | 1975-09-05 | 1982-01-30 | Toncelli M | Procedimento con azione combinata di vibrazione e pressione in ambiente privo d aria per la formatura di lastre di graniglie legate con resine |
IT1117346B (it) | 1977-04-22 | 1986-02-17 | Toncelli Marcello | Perfezionamenti al procedimento con azione combinata di vibrazione a pressione in ambiente privo d'aria per la formatura di lastre di graniglie legate con resine |
FR2735415B1 (fr) | 1995-06-15 | 1997-07-18 | Mci Sa | Procede de fabrication d'un article en forme de plaque et article fabrique |
AU3638501A (en) | 1999-10-29 | 2001-05-08 | Christopher Banus | Composite stone surfacing with improved optical and wear resistance properties |
EP1236699A1 (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-04 | Sika AG, vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co. | Composite material and shaped article with thermal conductivity and specific gravity on demand |
EP1712583B1 (en) | 2004-01-30 | 2020-09-16 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Porous cellulose aggregate and formed product composition comprising the same |
US20070210493A1 (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2007-09-13 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Method for Producing Ceramic Porous Article |
ITTV20050068A1 (it) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-11-20 | Luca Toncelli | Procedimento ed impianto per la fabbricazione di blocchi di conglomerato in materiale lapideo o ceramico. |
CN101570331B (zh) * | 2009-06-12 | 2011-08-24 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 一种高纯度超细球形石英粉的制备方法 |
IT1396313B1 (it) | 2009-09-28 | 2012-11-16 | Toncelli | Procedimento per la fabbricazione di manufatti di materiale conglomerato in forma di lastre contenente elementi decorativi. |
US8969464B2 (en) | 2011-04-13 | 2015-03-03 | Citymix, Inc. | Synthetic construction aggregate and method of manufacturing same |
AT511804B1 (de) | 2011-11-17 | 2013-03-15 | Berndorf Band Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur herstellung einer platte aus kunststeinmaterial |
WO2017083671A1 (en) | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-18 | The Euclid Chemical Company | Low-dust filler for composite building product |
-
2018
- 2018-04-10 IL IL269734A patent/IL269734B2/en unknown
- 2018-04-10 US US16/603,875 patent/US11753336B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-10 AU AU2018253406A patent/AU2018253406B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-10 EP EP18721857.3A patent/EP3609854A1/en active Pending
- 2018-04-10 KR KR1020197033245A patent/KR102504574B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2018-04-10 BR BR112019020488A patent/BR112019020488A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-04-10 CN CN201880023849.7A patent/CN110494406A/zh active Pending
- 2018-04-10 CA CA3059944A patent/CA3059944A1/en active Pending
- 2018-04-10 WO PCT/IB2018/052483 patent/WO2018189663A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3396067A (en) * | 1963-07-18 | 1968-08-06 | Mira Chem Inc | Resinous product simulating onyx |
US5164425A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1992-11-17 | Showa Denko K.K. | Artificial marble composition |
CA2060041C (en) * | 1991-01-28 | 1999-04-06 | Katari S. Raju | Molded composite polyester articles having improved thermal shock resistance |
JPH092858A (ja) * | 1995-06-15 | 1997-01-07 | Nippon Fueroo Kk | 人造大理石用樹脂組成物 |
WO2006084827A1 (en) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-17 | Luca Toncelli | Method for manufacturing articles in the form of slabs |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
华南工学院无机化学教研组: "《无机化学 上》", 30 April 1979, 人民教育出版社 * |
吴智勇: "《建筑装饰材料》", 31 July 2015, 北京理工大学出版社 * |
徐宝辉: "《建筑装饰材料与施工工艺》", 30 June 2016, 北京工业大学出版社 * |
朱启星: "《预防保健学 第3版》", 30 August 2016, 安徽大学出版社 * |
李景镇: "《光学手册 下》", 31 July 2010, 陕西科学技术出版社 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL269734B (en) | 2022-12-01 |
IL269734B2 (en) | 2023-04-01 |
US11753336B2 (en) | 2023-09-12 |
IL269734A (en) | 2019-11-28 |
AU2018253406B2 (en) | 2024-02-22 |
KR102504574B1 (ko) | 2023-03-02 |
KR20190138842A (ko) | 2019-12-16 |
US20200115278A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
CA3059944A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
BR112019020488A2 (pt) | 2020-04-28 |
EP3609854A1 (en) | 2020-02-19 |
WO2018189663A1 (en) | 2018-10-18 |
AU2018253406A1 (en) | 2019-11-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110494406A (zh) | 用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品 | |
CN107935386B (zh) | 颗粒状干粒釉、颗粒状干粒釉布料仿石砖及其制备方法 | |
CN109265072A (zh) | 一种多层人造石及其制备方法 | |
CN114423720A (zh) | 包含长石颗粒的人造石 | |
MXPA02012390A (es) | Metodo y planta para fabricar tejas y baldosas ceramicas, y tejas y baldosas obtenidas de este modo. | |
CN1287990A (zh) | 微晶玻璃陶瓷复合板材及其生产方法 | |
CN110520396A (zh) | 用于用硬化粘合剂来制造呈板或块的形式的物品的方法以及由此获得的物品 | |
CN103936354B (zh) | 建筑垃圾生产带装饰面的外墙砖的生产工艺 | |
RU2044701C1 (ru) | Способ изготовления декоративно-облицовочного материала | |
US20220315487A1 (en) | Method and plant for manufacturing granulate materials designed to be used for manufacturing articles in form of slab or block from a mixture | |
CN104649646B (zh) | 一种可塑性复合材料 | |
CN107935387B (zh) | 多彩片状干粒釉、片状干粒釉布料仿石砖及其制备方法 | |
CN100364927C (zh) | 一种陶瓷抛光砖的生产方法及其生产的陶瓷抛光砖 | |
KR100882087B1 (ko) | 제강 슬래그를 이용한 인조 대리석 제조방법 및 이에 따라제조된 인조대리석 | |
IT201800003001A1 (it) | Procedimento per la realizzazione di manufatti in forma di lastra o blocco con un legante induribile, e manufatti così ottenuti. | |
US3535135A (en) | Sand-lime bricks and method of making | |
US20240067556A1 (en) | Glass/quartz composite surface | |
US20230002284A1 (en) | Glass/quartz composite surface | |
CA3113062A1 (en) | Method and process for creating a composite material | |
KR100439622B1 (ko) | 황토와 송이를 포함하는 경량 콘크리트 | |
WO2003074437A1 (fr) | Moulages en verre poreux et procede de production associe | |
RU2101173C1 (ru) | Способ изготовления декоративных облицовочных бетонных изделий | |
CN116396065A (zh) | 冰种玉质陶瓷砖及其制备方法 | |
CN107973587A (zh) | 一种高韧性的陶瓷材料及其制备方法 | |
JPH02107548A (ja) | 人造石およびその製法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |