CN110492428A - A kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive - Google Patents
A kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive Download PDFInfo
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- CN110492428A CN110492428A CN201910802204.XA CN201910802204A CN110492428A CN 110492428 A CN110492428 A CN 110492428A CN 201910802204 A CN201910802204 A CN 201910802204A CN 110492428 A CN110492428 A CN 110492428A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/006—Calibration or setting of parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
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- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of adaptive methods of micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value, support to switch two ways using adjustment floating threshold definite value and definite value area according to protection type;For by the way of adjusting floating threshold definite value; protection definite value is formed by fixing definite value+floating definite value; floating definite value is limited by load current; micro-capacitance sensor power flow changing automatically tracks adjustment using the realization of floating threshold technology; it does not need trend electric current and changes every time all to adjust definite value again, realization is mutually coordinated with current O&M mode.For the non-protection element using floating threshold, micro-capacitance sensor switches definite value area according to the real time discriminating method of operation when operation, realization is mutually coordinated with current O&M mode according to different method of operation adjusting different running methods corresponding protection definite value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of adaptive methods of micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value, belong to Relay Protection Technology in Power System neck
Domain.
Background technique
Compared with traditional power grid, micro-capacitance sensor operation characteristic and fault characteristic have the following characteristics that the method for operation is flexible, exist
It is incorporated into the power networks and off-grid operation two ways;1) distribution line is shorter;2) original single distributed generation unit is changed to connect
Enter the mode of power grid, there are more power supplys;3) polyphyly of micro-capacitance sensor causes the trend for flowing through terminal device to be likely bidirectional;
4) power failure characteristic is complicated;5) asymmetrical three-phase is loaded.
The adaptive setting of relay protection of power system definite value is an important work of traffic department's relay protection professions at different levels
Make.With the continuous application of micro-capacitance sensor being growing with novel protective relaying device, the complicated journey of protective relaying device configuration
Spend higher and higher, the workload of adaptive setting is also increasing.
The adaptive setting scheme of existing relay protection of power system definite value is there are limitation, dependence and with O&M mould
The conflicting problem of formula, concrete reason are analyzed as follows:
1) limitation: current adaptive approach is most of for research object to be confined to route protection, about change
Depressor protection, bus protection adaptability introduce it is less.Transmission of electricity, power transformation and distribution are confined to for application scenarios, about micro- electricity
Net application scenarios there are no pertinent literature.Distance protection and the research of overcurrent protection are mostly focused on for protection philosophy, it is right
It is introduced in the adaptive realization of other protection philosophies less.
2) dependence: current adaptive approach transition is such as relied on dependent on device information and schedule system information in standing
Equipment or system go wrong, necessarily cause to protect adaptive criterion, therefore the scheme of dependence transition its reliability must be poor.
3) mutually conflict with current O&M mode: current fixed value adjusting calculating is traffic department's relay protection profession at different levels
One important process, definite value change O&M definite value and not by modified definite value without the permission of O&M department
It feeds back in scheduling or prudential sub-station, should not allow at present.
Moreover, it is unlikely to meet all methods of operation of power grid by a set of definite value, it will be difficult to take into account protection
Reliability and selectivity, and if the method for operation of adjustment micro-capacitance sensor all re-starts fixed value adjusting calculating every time, it undoubtedly will be big
The big burden for increasing protection seting personnel.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, provide a kind of micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value from
The method of adaptation, by the identification of the information realization operational mode of itself acquisition, using floating threshold technology and current O&M mould
Formula is mutually coordinated, or using sending current operation definite value, definite value area code and its alarm event information after the switching of definite value area in active, and works as
Preceding O&M mode is mutually coordinated.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive, comprising:
According to the mode of protection type judgement adjustment micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value;The mode of the adjustment micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value
It include: adjustment floating definite value and progress definite value area switching;
If adjusting floating definite value:
According to micro-grid operation mode or according to protected object dynamic adjustment floating definite value;
After the adjustment of floating definite value, protection definite value is updated;
Compared with current calculated result is carried out relay protective scheme criterion with updated protection definite value;
The protection definite value indicates are as follows:
Sop=Sfixed+Sfloat
Wherein, SopIt is protection definite value, SfixedIt is fixed definite value, SfloatIt is floating definite value,
Floating definite value indicates are as follows:
Sfloat=K × I
Wherein, K is floating threshold coefficient, and I is broad sense current value, including monophase current, three-phase current maximum value or minimum
Value or average value, difference current, the product of voltage and current and voltage and current quotient;
If carrying out the switching of definite value area:
Definite value area is switched according to the method for operation of real time discriminating micro-capacitance sensor when operation;
After completing the switching of definite value area, all definite values of current operation definite value area code and current operation definite value area code are above sent,
And show the protection definite value for representing variation;
Compared with the protection definite value obtained after the switching of definite value area is carried out relay protective scheme criterion with current calculated result.
Further, it is suitable for Protection criteria of the electric current as dependent variable by the way of adjusting floating definite value, is suitable for
Back-up protection criterion, and it is suitable for inverse time over-current protection.
Further, the back-up protection includes: time delay over-current protection, impedance protection, power protection and overload
Protection.
Further, the inverse time over-current protection is suitable for the scene of different inverse-time curve features, including general
Inverse time lag, very inverse time lag, extreme inverse time lag, long inverse time lag and short inverse time lag difference inverse-time curve.
It is further, described according to micro-grid operation mode dynamic adjustment floating definite value, comprising:
Micro-grid connection, off-network shape are differentiated according to micro-grid connection circuit breaker position information and grid-connected breaker Power Flow Information
State;
When being determined as switching to grid-connected state by off-network state, the floating threshold system in protection definite value is dynamically tuned up
Number;When being determined as switching to off-grid operation state by grid connection state, the floating threshold coefficient in protection definite value is dynamically turned down;
The adjustment amplitude of the floating threshold coefficient depends on the ratio of grid-connected load current and off-network load current.
Further, according to protected object dynamic adjustment floating definite value, comprising:
Acquisition current electricity flow and voltage in real time, and acquisition adjacent node connection locking information;
Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the adjustment of floating definite value:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, locking floating definite value adjustment;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, according to voltage and magnitude of current computing impedance, when impedance definite value is greater than line
When the protected range in road, floating definite value is allowed to adjust;When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, locking is floating
Dynamic definite value adjustment, while sending out alarm signal;
The protected object includes route protection and tranformer protection;
The adjustment amplitude of the floating definite value is proportional with load current.
Further, for by the way of the switching of definite value area, micro-capacitance sensor adjusts different fortune according to the different methods of operation
The corresponding protection definite value of line mode, the corresponding protection definite value of different running method are stored in different definite value areas.
Further, for by the way of the switching of definite value area, protective device config option is fixed for selecting to automatically switch
It is worth area or according to prompt definite value area code manual switching definite value area.
Further, definite value area is switched according to the method for operation of real time discriminating micro-capacitance sensor, comprising:
Acquisition current electricity flow and voltage in real time, and acquisition adjacent node connection locking information;
Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the switching of definite value area:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, the switching of locking definite value area;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, according to voltage and magnitude of current computing impedance, when impedance definite value is greater than line
When the protected range in road, definite value area is allowed to switch;At this point, identifying current micro-capacitance sensor according to micro-capacitance sensor electrical quantity and location information
The method of operation;When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, locking definite value area switching, while sending out alarm letter
Number.
Further, after completing the switching of definite value area, to send current operation definite value area code information on remote mode, in definite value
Send all definite values that current operation definite value area code is sent in mode.
Advantageous effects of the invention:
(1) present invention uses the valued methods of floating threshold, adapts to the big micro-capacitance sensor fortune of method of operation multiplicity, power flow changing
Row solves the problems, such as that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is not easy to adjust, and while guaranteeing protection act reliability, also ensures that protection is dynamic
Make sensitivity.
(2) the method for the present invention has wider array of adaptability, route protection, tranformer protection, bus suitable for micro-capacitance sensor
The different objects such as protection, are suitable for the different running methods such as micro-grid connection, off-network.
(3) information exchange of the present invention independent of scheduling system in standing runs mould by the information realization of itself acquisition
The identification of formula.
(4) present invention mutually coordinate with current O&M mode, trend curent change using floating threshold technology realization automatically with
Track adjustment, does not need trend electric current and changes every time all to adjust definite value again, or current using sending in active after the switching of definite value area
Definite value, definite value area code and its alarm event information are run, is mutually coordinated with current O&M mode.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the micro-capacitance sensor based on the adjustment of floating threshold definite value in the present invention protects definite value self adaptive flow figure;
Fig. 2 is that the micro-capacitance sensor based on the switching of definite value area in the present invention protects definite value self adaptive flow figure.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described below.Following embodiment is only used for clearly illustrating technical side of the invention
Case, and not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of, and the micro-capacitance sensor based on floating threshold definite value protects fixed value calculation mode, comprising:
Protection definite value is formed by fixing definite value+floating definite value, is expressed as follows: Sop=Sfixed+Sfloat
Wherein, SopIt is protection definite value, SfixedIt is fixed definite value, fixed definite value need to escape current transformer, device Seiko electricity
Flow equal error, SfloatIt is floating definite value, different protection protected objects and different Protection criterias, floating definite value is different
's.
Micro-capacitance sensor power flow changing is big, and floating definite value is limited by load current, and load current size determines that floating definite value is big
It is small.It is conducive to avoid false protection and tripping using customization of floating, improves the reliability and sensitivity of protection act, floating definite value table
Show as follows:
Sfloat=K × I
Wherein K is floating threshold coefficient, and floating threshold COEFFICIENT K is different because of protected object and Protection criteria, and I is broad sense electric current
Value, refer to include monophase current, three-phase current maximum value or minimum value or average value, difference current, the product of voltage and current,
The quotient etc. of voltage and current.
Micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value in the present invention based on floating definite value is suitable for Protection criteria of the electric current as dependent variable, fits
For different Protection criterias, suitable for the calculating for the different sampled datas such as half cycles, whole wave or several cycle data windows be long,
Suitable for algorithms of different such as Fourier algorithm, integral algorithms.
In the present invention based on floating definite value micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value be suitable for back-up protection criterion, back-up protection include but
It is not limited only to time delay over-current protection (phase overcurrent, zero sequence excess current, negative sequence overcurrent), impedance protection, power protection, mistake
Load protection etc., since back-up protection has longer delay, the longer sampled data window of the preferably selection of back-up protection is long.
Micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value in the present invention based on floating definite value is suitable for inverse time over-current protection, and is suitable for not
With the scene of inverse-time curve feature,
Inverse time over-current protection expression formula are as follows:
Applicable scene include general inverse time lag, very inverse time lag, extreme inverse time lag, long inverse time lag and short inverse time lag it is Bu Tong anti-
Time limit curve, corresponding A with the B value of different inverse time lag features is different, in above formula expression formula, when t is the calculated inverse time lag
Between, tpFor the when limit value of overcurrent, IPFor the current ration of overcurrent, I is current flow.
Inverse time over-current protection there are two types of different implementations,
Scheme is first is that definite value is decided by inverse time-delay operation time, but spirit according to peak load fixed value adjusting, by size of current
Sensitivity may be lower.
Scheme is second is that be current ration threshold value equally using fixed definite value+floating definite value mode, according to payload dynamic
Adjust the when limit value t of overcurrentp, safety action sensitivity, while preferably to choose longer sampled data window long by I.
It to sum up analyzes, the present invention provides a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive, is provided that
It is adaptive using the micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value of adjustment floating threshold coefficient for being suitable for the protection of floating definite value adjustment
Induction method;It is adaptively square using the micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value of definite value area switching for not being suitable for the protection element of floating definite value
Method.
For being suitable for the protection of floating definite value adjustment,
Micro-grid connection, off-network shape are differentiated according to micro-grid connection circuit breaker position information and grid-connected breaker Power Flow Information
State;
When being determined as switching to grid-connected state by off-network state, the floating threshold system in protection definite value is dynamically tuned up
Number K;When being determined as switching to off-grid operation state by grid connection state, the floating threshold COEFFICIENT K in protection definite value is dynamically turned down.
The adjusting range of K is that the adjustment amplitude of 0.05~20, K is proportional with load current, is sized depending on grid-connected load current
With the ratio of off-network load current.
Or according to protected object dynamic adjustment floating definite value.
Referring to Fig. 1, during protecting definite value adaptively to adjust, the electrical quantity such as acquisition current electricity flow, voltage, and
Acquire adjacent node connection locking information;Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the adjustment of floating definite value:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, it is latched online protection definite value floating definite value adjustment;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, by voltage, electric current computing impedance, protected when impedance definite value is greater than route
When the range of shield, floating definite value is allowed to adjust;When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, it is latched online protection
The adjustment of definite value floating definite value, while sending out alarm signal.
If floating definite value is allowed to adjust, according to protected object dynamic adjustment floating definite value.Protected object refers to line
Road, transformer are more with line applications.By taking the adjustment of route protection object floating definite value as an example, when impedance definite value is greater than route quilt
When the range of protection, then show fault-free region or fault zone outside protected route, to improve micro-capacitance sensor troubles inside the sample space
The reliability of protection act, floating definite value adjustment amplitude is proportional with load current, is sized depending on before load current
Variation afterwards, if current calculation cycle load current is 1.1 times of previous calculating cycle load current, then definite value of floating is adjusted to
Original 1.1 times.When protected object is transformer, since transformer impedance is larger, floating definite value adjusts amplitude with negative
Charged current is proportional, but is not the ratio in 1:1, and is adjusted to the ratio of 1:0.05~0.5, and 1 is load current, 0.05~
0.5 is floating definite value, and floating definite value size depends on the ratio size of transformer impedance value and line impedance value.
After adjustment, protection definite value is updated according to newest floating definite value.
Compared with current calculated result is carried out relay protective scheme criterion with updated protection definite value.It is exactly for excessive protection
Current calculated result is then judged as greater than updated protection definite value meets protection act logical condition, is otherwise judged as and is unsatisfactory for
Protection act logical condition;Then it is judged as satisfaction less than updated protection definite value for owing amount protection exactly current calculated result
Otherwise protection act logical condition is judged as and is unsatisfactory for protection act logical condition.
For the non-protection element using floating threshold, micro-capacitance sensor adjusts different running method according to the different methods of operation
Corresponding protection definite value, the corresponding protection definite value of different running method are stored in different definite value areas, and when operation uses definite value area
Number switch prompting automatically switches config option as protective device, protects definite value adaptive process as follows:
When operation according to the method for operation of real time discriminating micro-capacitance sensor prompt definite value area code switching or starting switch to it is corresponding
Run definite value area code;
After completion definite value area code switching, above send current operation definite value area code and currently run all fixed of definite value area code
Value, and show the definite value for representing variation.
Further, definite value area code switches, and mode manually or automatically can be used.
Referring to fig. 2, during protecting definite value adaptively to adjust, the electrical quantity such as acquisition current electricity flow, voltage, and
Acquire adjacent node connection locking information;Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the switching of definite value area:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, the switching of locking definite value area;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, by voltage, electric current computing impedance, protected when impedance definite value is greater than route
When the range of shield, definite value area is allowed to switch;At this point, identifying the operation of current micro-capacitance sensor according to micro-capacitance sensor electrical quantity and location information
Mode is to automatically switch definite value area or manual switching definite value area according to the determination of the config option of protective device.
After completing the switching of definite value area, to send current operation definite value area code information on remote mode, in a manner of being sent in definite value on
Send all definite values of current operation definite value area code.
By current calculated result compared with currently operation definite value area definite value carries out relay protective scheme criterion.Just for excessive protection
It is that current calculated result is greater than newest definite value and is then judged as and meets protection act logical condition, is otherwise judged as that discontented foot protection is dynamic
Make logical condition;Deficient amount protection exactly current calculated result is then judged as less than newest definite value and meets protection act logic item
Otherwise part is judged as and is unsatisfactory for protection act logical condition.
When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, locking definite value area switching, while sending out alarm signal.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, several improvement and deformations can also be made, these improvement and deformations
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive characterized by comprising
According to the mode of protection type judgement adjustment micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value;The mode packet of the adjustment micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value
It includes: adjustment floating definite value and progress definite value area switching;
If adjusting floating definite value:
According to micro-grid operation mode or according to protected object dynamic adjustment floating definite value;
After the adjustment of floating definite value, protection definite value is updated;
Compared with current calculated result is carried out relay protective scheme criterion with updated protection definite value;
The protection definite value indicates are as follows:
Sop=Sfixed+ Sfloat
Wherein, SopIt is protection definite value, SfixedIt is fixed definite value, SfloatIt is floating definite value,
Floating definite value indicates are as follows:
Sfloat =K×I
Wherein, K is floating threshold coefficient, and I is broad sense current value, including monophase current, three-phase current maximum value or minimum value or
Average value, difference current, the product of voltage and current and voltage and current quotient;
If carrying out the switching of definite value area:
Definite value area is switched according to the method for operation of real time discriminating micro-capacitance sensor when operation;
After completing the switching of definite value area, all definite values of current operation definite value area code and current operation definite value area code are above sent, and are shown
Now represent the protection definite value of variation;
Compared with the protection definite value obtained after the switching of definite value area is carried out relay protective scheme criterion with current calculated result.
2. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that floating using adjustment
The mode of dynamic definite value is suitable for Protection criteria of the electric current as dependent variable, is suitable for back-up protection criterion, and be suitable for inverse time
Limit overcurrent protection.
3. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the standby is protected
Shield includes: time delay over-current protection, impedance protection, power protection and overload protection.
4. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the inverse time lag
Overcurrent protection is suitable for the scene of different inverse-time curve features, including general inverse time lag, very inverse time lag, extreme inverse time
Limit, long inverse time lag and short inverse time lag difference inverse-time curve.
5. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described according to micro-
Grid operation mode dynamic adjustment floating definite value, comprising:
Micro-grid connection, off-network state are differentiated according to micro-grid connection circuit breaker position information and grid-connected breaker Power Flow Information;
When being determined as switching to grid-connected state by off-network state, the floating threshold coefficient in protection definite value is dynamically tuned up;
When being determined as switching to off-grid operation state by grid connection state, the floating threshold coefficient in protection definite value is dynamically turned down;
The adjustment amplitude of the floating threshold coefficient depends on the ratio of grid-connected load current and off-network load current.
6. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that according to protection pair
As dynamic adjusts floating definite value, comprising:
Acquisition current electricity flow and voltage in real time, and acquisition adjacent node connection locking information;
Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the adjustment of floating definite value:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, locking floating definite value adjustment;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, according to voltage and magnitude of current computing impedance, when impedance definite value is greater than route quilt
When the range of protection, floating definite value is allowed to adjust;When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, it is fixed that locking is floated
Value adjustment, while sending out alarm signal;
The protected object includes route protection and tranformer protection;
The adjustment amplitude of the floating definite value is proportional with load current.
7. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
For by the way of the switching of definite value area, micro-capacitance sensor is according to the different corresponding guarantors of method of operation adjusting different running method
Definite value is protected, the corresponding protection definite value of different running method is stored in different definite value areas.
8. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that for using fixed
It is worth the mode of area's switching, protective device config option is used to select to automatically switch definite value area or manual according to prompt definite value area code
Switch definite value area.
9. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Switch definite value area according to the method for operation of real time discriminating micro-capacitance sensor, comprising:
Acquisition current electricity flow and voltage in real time, and acquisition adjacent node connection locking information;
Join locking information according to adjacent node, judge whether to be latched the switching of definite value area:
When adjacent node has connection block signal, the switching of locking definite value area;
When adjacent node is without connection block signal, according to voltage and magnitude of current computing impedance, when impedance definite value is greater than route quilt
When the range of protection, definite value area is allowed to switch;At this point, identifying the fortune of current micro-capacitance sensor according to micro-capacitance sensor electrical quantity and location information
Line mode;When impedance definite value range protected less than or equal to route, locking definite value area switching, while sending out alarm signal.
10. a kind of method that micro-capacitance sensor protection definite value is adaptive according to claim 1, which is characterized in that complete definite value
After area's switching, to send current operation definite value area code information on remote mode, in a manner of being sent in definite value on send current operation definite value area
Number all definite values.
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Cited By (2)
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CN114142448A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Power distribution network protection method and device and storage medium |
CN117175494A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
Citations (1)
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CN102684175A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-19 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Implementation method for micro grid protector |
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CN102684175A (en) * | 2012-06-05 | 2012-09-19 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Implementation method for micro grid protector |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114142448A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-04 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Power distribution network protection method and device and storage medium |
CN117175494A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-05 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
CN117175494B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-02-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Adaptive reclosing method and system for flexible direct-current power grid |
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