CN110488907A - A kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation - Google Patents

A kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation Download PDF

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CN110488907A
CN110488907A CN201910725761.6A CN201910725761A CN110488907A CN 110488907 A CN110488907 A CN 110488907A CN 201910725761 A CN201910725761 A CN 201910725761A CN 110488907 A CN110488907 A CN 110488907A
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power
area
photovoltaic
voltage
maximum power
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许志明
刘军
范亚楠
余同
白天宇
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
    • G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling methods for photovoltaic power generation, this method uses Boost circuit in DC bus, the voltage range for expanding photovoltaic plant work by changing duty ratio, specifically includes step: 1) obtaining photovoltaic cell P-U curve；2) differentiate present operating point position, determine next step perturbation direction；3) photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power to plunge area's three parts, by step change according to three sections of processing of slope variation characteristic point；4) the duty cycle adjustment output voltage for passing through Boost current transformer, operates in photovoltaic cell at maximum power point；5) after voltage at maximum power point and output voltage sampled value being made difference, by pi regulator driving switch.Compared with prior art, the present invention have many advantages, such as intensity of illumination uprush and, there is good inhibition in bust in the case where to the concussion of power, improve the rapidity and accuracy of tracking.

Description

A kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation
Technical field
The present invention relates to new energy equipment fields, maximum more particularly, to a kind of mixing step-length for photovoltaic power generation Power tracking control method.
Background technique
Currently used maximal power tracing is roughly divided into three classes: fixed step size, variable step and mixing step-length.Prior art benefit Manually although the maximum power of intelligent algorithm has good precision, but algorithm comparison is complicated, therefore in face of complicated light According to condition, the trackability of tracking is weaker.The simple method of successive approximation can carry out maximum tracking, but this method is easy approaching maximum Occur repeatedly disturbing when at power in stabilization, without good stability and accuracy.Traditional conductance increment method generallys use Fixed step size is into MPPT (maximal power tracing), cannot in the case where illuminance abrupt variation although improving stability and accuracy It adapts to very well, there are obvious shortcomings for this method: if step-length is too small, needing more times that can just track maximum power Point；If step-length is too big, system can vibrate at maximum power point or so.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind to be used for photovoltaic power generation Mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation, control system applied by this method DC bus use Boost circuit, pass through change duty ratio expand photovoltaic plant work voltage range, the control method tool Body the following steps are included:
S1, acquisition photovoltaic cell export electric current, voltage, obtain photovoltaic cell P-U curve.
S2, it is based on method of perturbation, present operating point position is differentiated according to the instantaneous conductance of photovoltaic cell and conductance variable quantity, and really Determine next step perturbation direction.
Maximal power tracing point is determined by the hump of photovoltaic cell P-U curve of output, then the output of solar battery Power are as follows:
P=UI
Wherein, U is the output voltage of solar battery, and I is the output electric current of solar battery；
Output voltage derivation to above formula, obtains:
WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction is at maximum power point；WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction On the left of maximum power；WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction is on the right side of maximum power；Wherein G is instantaneous conductance.
S3, it photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power plunges area's three parts, will walk Long variation is according to three sections of processing of slope variation characteristic point.
By photovoltaic cell P-U curve be divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power plunge area's three parts it is specific in Hold are as follows:
Changed according to P-U curve power slope, is that the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power are anxious by three sections of curve definitions Area drops, wherein is greater than power the total time of the area power Huan Zeng sampling and plunges total time of area's sampling, the area power Huan Zeng, slope are slow Become area and power plunge area region slopes into k1、k2、k3Relational expression are as follows:
Wherein, | k3| > | k1| > | k2|.And area's sampling time of plunging in power Huan Zeng area's sampling time with power mutually sympathizes with Under condition, the area power Huan Zeng voltage Δ UΔnIt plunges area voltage Δ U with powerΔkRelationship meets Δ UΔn> Δ UΔk, the area power Huan Zeng function Rate Δ PΔnIt plunges area power Δ P with powerΔkRelationship meet Δ PΔn< Δ PΔk。
Preferably, photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power to plunge area's three parts mistake Cheng Zhong, the maximum power voltage of photovoltaic array are open-circuit voltage Uoc0.76 times, the voltage threshold U of photovoltaic arrayTMeet UT< 0.24Uoc。
By step change according to the particular content of three sections for the treatment of processes of slope variation characteristic point are as follows:
By step change in searching process according to three sections of processing of slope variation characteristic point, for line segment one, line segment three, step-length Variable relation are as follows:
si=λi*ki, i=1,3 and s1> s3
In formula, λiFor step-length adjustment factor, λ is chosen1> λ3。kiFor the slope of line segment one and line segment three, s1For first segment song The step-length of line, s3For the step-length of third section curve, for second segment curve, step-length is set as fixed value s2。
S4, operate in photovoltaic cell by the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of Boost current transformer based on MPPT algorithm At maximum power point.Particular content are as follows:
Obtain photovoltaic array resistance value Rpv and load R0, as photovoltaic array resistance value Rpv and load resistance value R0When equal, output is most It is high-power；Assuming that M (D) is that voltage converts ratio, η is boost circuit transformation efficiency, then has:
In formula, PoutFor photovoltaic system output power, PinFor photovoltaic array output power, RpvFor the equivalent electricity of photovoltaic array Resistance, U0For output voltage, η formula is substituted into U formula, acquires the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array are as follows:
In formula, D is duty ratio；
Duty ratio D is adjusted, equivalent resistance R is madepvWith load resistance value R0Resistance value it is equal, then maximum power expression formula are as follows:
S5, it after voltage at maximum power point and output voltage sampled value are made difference, by pi regulator driving switch, completes Maximal power tracing control.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
(1) the method for the present invention improves conductance increment method, to intensity of illumination uprush and anticlimax caused by maximum work Concussion at rate has good inhibitory effect, and in the case where illuminance abrupt variation, variable step Tracing Control first starts, it is ensured that concussion Stability；When the variation of voltage meets in threshold voltage, the fixed step size for carrying out small step-length is tracked, it can be ensured that the standard of tracking True property, tracking mode of the invention intensity of illumination uprush and, there is good suppression in bust in the case where to the concussion of power System, to guarantee the grid-connected quality in photovoltaic later period；
(2) P-U curve is divided into three parts by the present invention, is respectively defined as the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power Plunge area, and the final subregion to maximum output power point is controlled, the rapidity and accuracy of tracking are improved；
(3) present invention passes through the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of Boost current transformer, and photovoltaic cell is made to operate in maximum power , it can be achieved that MPPT maximum power point tracking and boost function at point；
(4) a possibility that Control system architecture applied by the present invention is simple, reduces error for actual use, and reduce Cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is control system architecture schematic diagram applied by the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is perturbation observation method schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the specific control flow chart of step-length analysis in the method for the present invention searching process；
Fig. 5 is the power out-put characteristic and fixed step size electricity that improvement type mixes under step-length conductance increment method in the embodiment of the present invention Lead the photovoltaic array output power comparison diagram of method of addition, wherein Fig. 5 (a) is the photovoltaic array output in 0.3~0.316s of time Power contrast's figure, Fig. 5 (b) are the photovoltaic array output power comparison diagram in 0.4~0.426s of time；
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Obviously, described embodiment is this A part of the embodiment of invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art exist Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
The present invention relates to a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation, direct current of the present invention is female Line side uses Boost circuit, photovoltaic plant work can be made in wider voltage range by changing duty ratio.Its control system As shown in Figure 1, acquisition photovoltaic cell exports electric current IPV, voltage UPV, voltage at maximum power point is obtained by MPPT algorithm UPV-mppWith output voltage sampled value UPVIt is poor to make, by pi regulator driving switch.It is substantially accounting for by Boost current transformer Sky operates in photovoltaic cell at maximum power point than adjusting output voltage.
Photovoltaic cell differentiates present operating point position according to the instantaneous conductance of photovoltaic cell and conductance variable quantity, thus under determining One step perturbation direction.Hump is maximal power tracing point it can be seen from photovoltaic cell P-U curve of output.Solar-electricity The output power in pond are as follows:
P=UI (1)
Output voltage derivation to above formula, it can thus be concluded that:
It is analyzed by above formula, when:When, at maximum power point；WhenWhen, on a maximum power left side Side；WhenWhen, on the right side of maximum power；Wherein G is instantaneous conductance.
Conductance increment method needs are repeated and differentiate in systems in practice, to the operational capability of processor require compared with Height, therefore dP/dU usually is replaced with Δ P/ Δ U in actual motion to judge the direction of interference to reduce operand.Therefore it is right The setting of step-length can determine the rapidity and accuracy of tracking maximum power.
As photovoltaic array resistance value RpvWith load R0When equal, Maximum Power Output.Assuming that M (D) is that voltage converts ratio, η is Boost circuit transformation efficiency, then have:
In formula: PoutFor photovoltaic system output power；PinFor photovoltaic array output power.
Formula (3) substitution formula (4) can be acquired to the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array:
Due to loading R0For certain value, it is possible to which adjusting duty ratio D keeps its resistance value equal, maximum power expression formula are as follows:
Method of perturbation by changing system input signal every time, according to output signal size and Orientation, according to output signal Change, as requested the optimal output result of Automatic-searching.Detailed process are as follows:
Value by the output voltage U and output electric current I sampling calculated power value size to photovoltaic cell, with disturbance front and back Comparison can judge maximum power point running position by instantaneous electric conductivity value known to formula (2).In maximum power point PmPlace left side When, the disturbance of forward voltage step-length is continued to, and it is located at maximum power point PmWhen place right side, backward voltage step-length need to be applied and disturbed It is dynamic.System can finally hover at maximum power point, therefore stable maximum power point can be adjusted by voltage step size.
The mixing step-length of improvement type is distinguished the variation of step-length by voltage threshold, and specific technical solution is as follows:
P-U curve is divided into 1,2,3 parts by the dotted line in Fig. 2.It can be changed according to power slope and determine three sections of curves Justice is that the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power plunge area, and the power that is naturally larger than total time of the area power Huan Zeng sampling plunges Area's total time, i.e. t∑n> t∑k, in identical sampling time (tN~n+1=tK~k+1) in, the relationship of voltage and power is Δ UΔn> Δ UΔk, Δ PΔn< Δ PΔk, two sides changed power is more sensitive to voltage.
Each region slopes are expressed as k1、k2、k3, there is following relationship:
Wherein, | k3| > | k1| > | k2|。
It to sum up analyzes, on the basis of slope variation situation is different, in order to further increase the rapidity of tracking and accurate Property effect, by step change in searching process according to points of 3 sections processing of slope variation characteristic, for line segment 1, line segment 3, step-length variable Relationship are as follows:
si=λi*ki, i=1,3 and s1> s3 (9)
In formula: λiIt is step-length adjustment factor, usually chooses between 1-3；kiFor the slope of line segment 1 and 3.Wherein due to | k3| > | k1|.So the 3rd section of step change is significantly greater than paragraph 1, it is contemplated that occur toning in tracing process, therefore choose λ1> λ3.Traditional fixed step size method is still used for the 2nd section of curve, step-length is set as fixed value s2, at maximum power point Concussion, guarantee accuracy.The maximum power voltage of photovoltaic array is usually at 0.76 times of open-circuit voltage, so threshold voltage UT < 0.24Uoc.It is as shown in Figure 4 that specific control flow chart is analyzed above.
To verify effectiveness of the invention, the present embodiment builds the analogue system of Fig. 1, and verifying proposes mixing step size controlling plan Superiority slightly, using 4 × 3 photovoltaic arrays, every 4 photovoltaic modulies of string are one group, totally 3 groups.The analogue system of Fig. 1 is built, is led to Cross the superiority that the dynamic ability that the control strategy captures maximum power point under intensity of illumination catastrophe judges the strategy. Illumination Strength Changes situation is shown in Table 1 on three groups of photovoltaic modulies, and observation carries out Output Characteristic to it at 0.3s and 0.4s.It is single The open-circuit voltage U of a photovoltaic deviceoc=25.2V；Short circuit current is Iph=6.65A；Electric current and voltage U at maximum power pointm= 22V、Im=4.55A；α=0.015；β=0.7.
1 intensity of illumination of table changes table
P is the power out-put characteristic under improvement type mixing step-length conductance increment method in Fig. 5, and P1 is fixed step size conductance increment Method.Third group intensity of illumination changes to 300W/m from 1000W/m2 at 0.3s2, power changes to 722W, In by 765.4W It is stable again at 0.316s；Three groups of intensities of illumination are all from 300W/m at 0.4s2It is mutated 1000W/m2, power changes by 704.5W To 840.2W.
By table 1 and Fig. 5 it is found that the conductance increment method of improvement type to intensity of illumination uprush and anticlimax caused by maximum power Concussion have good inhibitory effect.In the case where illuminance abrupt variation, variable step Tracing Control first starts, and guarantees the stabilization of concussion Property；When the variation of voltage meets in threshold voltage UTIt is interior, carry out the fixed step size tracking of small step-length, it is ensured that the accuracy of tracking. The tracking mode intensity of illumination uprush and, there is good inhibition in bust in the case where to the concussion of power, to guarantee The grid-connected quality in photovoltaic later period.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any The staff for being familiar with the art in the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can readily occur in various equivalent modifications or replace It changes, these modifications or substitutions should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with right It is required that protection scope subject to.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation, which is characterized in that this method is applied Control system DC bus use Boost circuit, by change duty ratio expand photovoltaic plant work voltage range, should Control method specifically includes the following steps:
1) acquisition photovoltaic cell exports electric current, voltage, obtains photovoltaic cell P-U curve；
2) it is based on method of perturbation, present operating point position is differentiated according to the instantaneous conductance of photovoltaic cell and conductance variable quantity, and determine down One step perturbation direction；
3) photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power to plunge area's three parts, by step change According to three sections of processing of slope variation characteristic point；
4) photovoltaic cell is made to operate in maximum work by the duty cycle adjustment output voltage of Boost current transformer based on MPPT algorithm At rate point；
5) it after voltage at maximum power point and output voltage sampled value being made difference, by pi regulator driving switch, completes maximum Power tracking control.
2. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 1, special Sign is, the particular content of step 2) are as follows:
Maximal power tracing point is determined by the hump of photovoltaic cell P-U curve of output, then the output power of solar battery Are as follows:
P=UI
Wherein, U is the output voltage of solar battery, and I is the output electric current of solar battery；
Output voltage derivation to above formula, obtains:
WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction is at maximum power point；WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction is most High-power left side；WhenWhen, next step perturbation direction is on the right side of maximum power；Wherein G is instantaneous conductance.
3. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 2, special Sign is, in step 3), photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power and is plunged area's three parts Particular content are as follows:
Changed according to P-U curve power slope, is that the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power plunge by three sections of curve definitions Area, wherein the area power Huan Zeng sampling total time be greater than power plunge area sampling total time, the area power Huan Zeng, slope are gradual Area and power plunge area region slopes be k1、k2、k3Relational expression are as follows:
Wherein, | k3| > | k1| > | k2|。
4. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 3, special Sign is, in step 3), by step change according to the particular content of three sections for the treatment of processes of slope variation characteristic point are as follows:
By step change in searching process according to three sections of processing of slope variation characteristic point, for line segment one, line segment three, step-length variable Relationship are as follows:
si=λi*ki, i=1,3 and s1> s3
In formula, λiFor step-length adjustment factor, kiFor the slope of line segment one and line segment three, s1For the step-length of first segment curve, s3It is The step-length of three sections of curves, for second segment curve, step-length is set as fixed value s2。
5. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 4, special Sign is, the particular content of step 4) are as follows:
Obtain photovoltaic array resistance value Rpv and load R0, as photovoltaic array resistance value Rpv and load resistance value R0When equal, maximum work is exported Rate；Assuming that M (D) is that voltage converts ratio, η is boost circuit transformation efficiency, then has:
In formula, PoutFor photovoltaic system output power, PinFor photovoltaic array output power, RpvFor the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array,0 For output voltage, η formula is substituted into U formula, acquires the equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array are as follows:
In formula, D is duty ratio；
Duty ratio D is adjusted, equivalent resistance R is madepvWith load resistance value R0Resistance value it is equal, then maximum power expression formula are as follows:
6. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 4, special Sign is, photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power the area's three parts that plunge and meets following item Part:
It plunges under area's sampling time same case in power Huan Zeng area's sampling time and power, the area power Huan Zeng voltage Δ UΔnAnd function Rate plunges area voltage Δ UΔkRelationship meets Δ UΔn> Δ UΔk, the area power Huan Zeng power Δ PΔnIt plunges area power Δ P with powerΔk Relationship meet Δ PΔn< Δ PΔk。
7. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 6, special Sign is, photovoltaic cell P-U curve is divided into the area power Huan Zeng, the gradual area of slope and power and is plunged during area's three parts, light The maximum power voltage of photovoltaic array is open-circuit voltage Uoc0.76 times, the voltage threshold U of photovoltaic arrayTMeet UT< 0.24Uoc。
8. a kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation according to claim 4, special Sign is, chooses λ1> λ3。
CN201910725761.6A 2019-08-07 2019-08-07 A kind of mixing step-length maximum power tracking and controlling method for photovoltaic power generation Pending CN110488907A (en)

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