CN110487147B - Axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method and detection tool - Google Patents
Axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method and detection tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN110487147B CN110487147B CN201910789530.1A CN201910789530A CN110487147B CN 110487147 B CN110487147 B CN 110487147B CN 201910789530 A CN201910789530 A CN 201910789530A CN 110487147 B CN110487147 B CN 110487147B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
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Abstract
A quantitative detection method for the position degree of an axle box spring mounting hole is characterized in that the central connecting line of the axle box spring upper end mounting hole (2) is used as an x axis, the axle wire of an axle box spring is used as a z axis, a space coordinate system is established by using an x-axis perpendicular line as a y axis, and the quantitative detection of the position degree of the axle box spring mounting hole is converted into the specific value detection of the height difference of the axle box spring upper end mounting hole from a detection plane. The utility model provides a axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantization detection frock, through the fixed connection of the locating hole on leaning on tight frock (4) and axle box spring upper end mounting hole (2) injectd, and lean on tight frock one and lean on the support and the relative position of tight frock three pairs of axle box springs to further injectd, the z axle and the y axle of axle box spring are parallel with testing platform when having guaranteed to detect, the x axle is perpendicular with testing platform, thereby detect axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantization and convert the axle box spring upper end mounting hole into the concrete value of axle box spring upper end mounting hole distance detection plane difference in height and detect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of measurement tools, in particular to a quantitative detection method and a quantitative detection tool for a shaft spring mounting hole position.
Background
The axle box spring is a metal rubber part which takes a mandrel, a spacer bush and an outer sleeve as frameworks, can provide vertical rigidity, transfers longitudinal load and transverse load and plays roles in vibration reduction and buffering. The railway track has the advantages of simplicity and convenience in installation, no maintenance for life and the like, and is widely applied to subways, light rails and low-floor trains. The axlebox springs are mounted on rolling stock bogies, typically each bogie mounting a pair of left and right axlebox springs having a mirror image relationship of identical construction and size. The angular relationship between the mounting hole at the upper end of the mandrel and the mounting hole at the lower bottom of the outer sleeve directly influences whether the axle box spring can be smoothly mounted on the bogie. Because the upper end mounting hole and the lower bottom mounting hole are not in the same plane, measuring the included angle between the central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole and the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole has certain difficulty, and in the prior art, the traditional three-coordinate method is generally adopted to detect the position degree of the axle box spring threaded hole. The traditional three-coordinate inspection has the disadvantages of complex operation, high labor intensity, long time consumption, high cost and unsuitability for continuous detection of batch products.
Through patent search, the same patent documents as the present invention are not found, and the following are related to the present invention:
1. the invention discloses a flexible checking fixture for the position degree of paired axle box spring mounting holes, which is named as a flexible checking fixture for the position degree of the paired axle box spring mounting holes and comprises a positioning device and a detection device, wherein the positioning device comprises a positioning bottom plate and a mandrel support, the detection device comprises an upper detection flat plate, a lower detection flat plate and a supporting beam, one end of the upper detection flat plate is provided with a guide rod in sliding fit with the upper detection plate, an axle box spring horizontally leans against the positioning bottom plate, a mandrel of the axle box spring is supported by the mandrel support and arranged along the horizontal direction, the lower detection flat plate is attached to the bottom of the axle box spring, the upper detection flat plate is arranged outside the mandrel of the axle box spring, two-way detection pins on the lower detection flat plate correspond to bottom mounting holes one by one, one-way detection pins at the bottom of the guide rod are aligned to the top mounting holes of the mandrel one by one, and a detection head of each two-way detection pin can completely sink into the bottom mounting hole corresponding to the two-way detection pin, and the guide rod is moved, the detection head of each one-way detection pin can be completely immersed into the mandrel top mounting hole aligned with the detection head, and the position degree of the axle box spring mounting hole is qualified, otherwise, the axle box spring mounting hole is unqualified. According to the technical scheme disclosed by the comparison document, the position degree of the axle box spring is detected by detecting the positioning relation between the positioning pin and the threaded inner hole and the threaded outer hole of the product mandrel through the upper detection plate and the lower detection plate, although the tool detection method is simple and convenient, the specific value of the installation angle cannot be quantitatively detected, the accuracy and the reliability are not high, the position of the axle box spring installation hole cannot be corrected through the quantized specific angle value, and in addition, the deformation of a tool iron piece in the use process has a large influence on the position degree, and the qualified detection angle cannot be ensured.
In summary, the axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method and the detection tool have important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the position degree of an axle box spring mounting hole cannot be detected quantitatively in the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a quantitative detection method for the position degree of an axle box spring mounting hole judges whether the position degree of the axle box spring mounting hole is within a tolerance range or not by detecting the size of an included angle gamma between the projection of a central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole of an axle box spring on the plane where a lower bottom mounting hole is located and the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole.
Further, the projection of the central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole on the plane where the lower bottom mounting hole is located is an x axis, a plane coordinate system is established by taking the perpendicular line of the x axis as a y axis, the size of an included angle gamma is detected by detecting the size of the included angle alpha between the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole and the y axis, and the included angle alpha =90 ° -gamma.
Further, the included angle α is detected by measuring the distance of the lower bottom mounting hole in the direction of the x-axis.
Further, a space coordinate system is established by taking the central axis of the axle box spring as a z axis and the x axis and the y axis, and a detection plane Q is determined, wherein the detection plane Q is parallel to the z axis and is vertical to the x axis;
and detecting an included angle alpha by measuring the height difference delta H between the lower bottom mounting hole and the detection plane.
The invention also relates to a quantitative detection tool for the position degree of the axle box spring mounting hole, which comprises a first abutting tool and a detection platform, wherein a pair of positioning holes is formed in the upper end of the first abutting tool, the central connecting line of the pair of positioning holes is vertical to the detection platform, and the hole pitch of the positioning holes is equal to the hole pitch of the axle box spring upper end mounting hole.
Further, the axle shaft spring is transversely placed on the second approach tool and the third approach tool, the axle shaft spring is parallel to the detection platform, and the distance between the upper end mounting hole of the axle shaft spring and the detection platform is equal to the height of the positioning hole according to the detection platform.
Further, lean on tight frock one, lean on tight frock two and lean on tight frock three equal fixed connection on testing platform's plane, lean on tight frock two to be located by tight frock one and lean on between tight frock two.
Further, the second abutting tool and the third abutting tool are perpendicular to the detection platform.
Furthermore, the upper end face of the second abutting tool is an arc concave face corresponding to the end portion of the axle box spring core shaft, and the upper end face of the third abutting tool is an arc concave face corresponding to the outer circle portion of the axle box spring core shaft.
Further, the lifting small platform is movably arranged on the detection platform between the first approach tool and the second approach tool, and the lifting small platform can be lifted and lowered by a certain height to adjust the height of the axle box spring to be placed between the first approach tool and the third approach tool and to adjust the axle box spring core shaft distance of the axle box spring from the first approach tool to the third approach tool.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the axle box spring mounting hole position quantitative detection method is characterized in that the angle measurement of the connecting line of the centers of the upper mounting holes and the lower mounting holes of the axle box springs in a space range is converted into the measurement of the height difference between the upper mounting holes of the axle box springs and a detection plane by establishing a space coordinate system, and the specific angle value of the connecting line of the centers of the upper mounting holes and the lower mounting holes of the axle box springs can be obtained through simple trigonometric function transformation.
2. The utility model provides a axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantization detection frock is injectd through the position of the locating hole that leans on tight frock one and axle box spring upper end mounting hole to and lean on tight frock two and lean on the support and the position of tight frock three pairs of axle box spring's dabber and outside to be injectd, be restricted in axle box spring parallel with testing platform, axle box spring upper end mounting hole central line and testing platform vertically detection position, and then obtain the concrete value of axle box spring mounting hole position degree through measuring axle box spring upper end mounting hole apart from testing platform's difference in height. The tool is simple in structure and convenient to operate, angle measurement of the axle box spring mounting hole position degree is converted into distance measurement, and the specific quantized value of the axle box spring mounting hole position degree can be continuously and conveniently measured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic diagram of a quantitative detection method for axle box spring mounting hole position;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of a quantitative detection method for axle box spring mounting hole position;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic structural view of a quantitative detection tool for the position degree of a box spring mounting hole;
FIG. 4 is a second structural schematic diagram of the quantitative detection tool for the position degree of the box spring mounting hole;
fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of a lifting small platform.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will be able to fully practice the invention, it will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
A quantitative detection method for the position degree of an axle box spring mounting hole judges whether the position degree of the axle box spring mounting hole is within a tolerance range by detecting the size of an included angle gamma between the projection of the central connecting line of an axle box spring upper end mounting hole 2 on the plane of a lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3.
As shown in fig. 1, since the center connecting line of the axle housing spring upper end mounting hole 2 and the center connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 are not in the same plane, the center connecting line of the axle housing spring upper end mounting hole 2 is projected to the plane of the lower bottom mounting hole 3, and the angle measurement in the space range is converted into the angle measurement in the plane.
The projection of the central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole 2 on the plane of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 is an x axis, a plane coordinate system is established by taking the perpendicular line of the x axis as a y axis, the size of an included angle gamma is detected by detecting the size of the included angle alpha between the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the y axis, and the included angle alpha = 90-gamma.
In order to facilitate measurement and coordinate axis determination, a plane coordinate system is established on a plane of the lower bottom mounting hole 3, a projection of a central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole 2 on the plane of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 is taken as an x-axis, a y-axis is established by a perpendicular line of the x-axis, an included angle between the central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole 2 and the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3, namely an included angle gamma between the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the x-axis, is convenient for subsequent trigonometric function operation, and is further converted into a measurement of an included angle alpha between the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the y-axis, and obviously the included angle alpha =90 ° -gamma. Since the center line of the axle box spring lower mounting hole 3 is a known value, the center line is a known value
The included angle alpha is detected by measuring the distance of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 in the direction of the x-axis. Because the distance L between the center connecting lines of the axle-box-spring lower-bottom mounting holes 3 is a known value, the sine value of the included angle α is the distance between the lower-bottom mounting holes 3 in the direction of the x-axis/the distance between the center connecting lines of the axle-box-spring lower-bottom mounting holes 3, and thus the measurement of the angle is converted into the measurement of the distance.
Establishing a space coordinate system with the x axis and the y axis by taking the central axis of the axle box spring as the z axis, and determining a detection plane Q which is parallel to the z axis and vertical to the x axis; the included angle alpha is detected by measuring the height difference delta H between the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the detection plane.
As shown in fig. 2, in order to further facilitate the measurement of the distance detection angle α of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 in the direction of the x-axis, the central axis of the axle box spring is determined as the z-axis and a detection plane Q parallel to the z-axis and perpendicular to the x-axis is determined, and the height difference Δ H = H1-H2 is calculated by measuring the heights H1 and H2 of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 from the detection plane, and obviously sin α ═ sin β ═ Δ H/L, and thus α ═ β ═ arcsin Δ H/L. Through the method, whether the axle box spring threaded hole installation position degree alpha is qualified or not can be judged. For example: the angle alpha of the journal box spring is required to be 20 +/-2 degrees (18-22 degrees), the center distance L between two outer threaded holes is =264mm, the angles alpha and L are substituted into a formula sin alpha sin beta DeltaH/L, the height difference DeltaH = (81.58-98.89) mm between the center of the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the detection plane Q can be obtained, if the DeltaH is within the range of (81.58-98.89) mm, the angle alpha is qualified, otherwise, the angle alpha is unqualified. In summary, whether the axle box spring angle α is qualified can be determined by detecting the height difference Δ H between the center of the axle box spring bottom mounting hole and the detection plane Q.
The utility model provides a shaft box spring mounting hole position degree quantization testing frock, includes and leans on tight frock 4 and testing platform 8, lean on tight frock 4 upper ends to have seted up a pair of locating hole 9, the line of center of a pair of locating hole 9 is perpendicular with testing platform 8, the pitch-row of locating hole 9 equals the pitch-row of upper end mounting hole 2 of shaft box spring.
As shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, in order to ensure that the X-axis of the axle spring is perpendicular to the detection platform 8 and the Y-axis is parallel to the detection platform 8, the center line of the positioning hole 9 is perpendicular to the detection platform 8. Axle box spring top mounting hole 3 is connected with locating hole 9 through locating lever 7, and after the location was accomplished, the central axis of locating lever 7, the central axis of locating hole 9 and the central axis of upper end mounting hole 2 coincide each other. Preferably, the locating lever 7 can adopt square hexagon bolt, and locating hole 9 can be opened and establish to the square hexagon locating hole that matches with square hexagon bolt, square hexagon locating hole have the opening in one side that leans on tight frock 4, during the location, earlier be connected the back with upper end mounting hole 2 square hexagon bolt, go into the axle box spring from one side that leans on tight frock 4 in the square hexagon locating hole that matches with square hexagon bolt in the opening through square hexagon locating hole. Because the central line of locating hole 9 is perpendicular with testing platform 8, so axle box spring's X axle is perpendicular with testing platform 8, and Y axle Z axle is parallel with testing platform 8. Thereby establishing a determined spatial coordinate system.
The detection tool further comprises a second abutting tool 5 and a third abutting tool 6, the axle spring is transversely placed on the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6, the axle wire of the axle spring is parallel to the detection platform 8, and the height of the upper end mounting hole 2 of the axle spring from the detection platform 8 is equal to the height of the positioning hole 9 according to the detection platform 8.
Although the positioning hole 9 defines and determines the spatial coordinate system of the axle box spring through the positions of the pair of bolts 7 and the axle box spring top mounting hole 3, in order to ensure the stability of the relative position, the end part of the mandrel of the axle box spring and the excircle of the bottom of the outer sleeve are respectively supported through the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6, and the parallel and stable relative position of the Z axis and the detection platform 8 is ensured.
Lean on tight frock 4, lean on tight frock two 5 and lean on the equal fixed connection of tight frock three 6 on testing platform 8's plane, lean on tight frock two 5 to be located and lean on between tight frock one 4 and the tight frock two 5. For the reliability of the relative position of the axle box spring placed on the tool, the planes of the first abutting tool 4, the second abutting tool 5, the third abutting tool 6 and the detection platform 8 are preferably fixedly connected, such as connected in a welding mode. If it is portable and easy dismounting, also can adopt to lean on tight frock 4, lean on tight frock two 5 and lean on tight frock three 6 and testing platform 8 to dismantle and be connected. And the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6 are perpendicular to the detection platform 8.
The upper end face of the second abutting tool 5 is an arc concave face corresponding to the end portion of the axle box spring mandrel, and the upper end face of the third abutting tool 6 is an arc concave face corresponding to the outer circle portion of the axle box spring mandrel. In order to ensure that the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6 have better fitting degree with the outer surface of the axle box spring, the upper end faces of the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6 are preferably designed into an arc concave face corresponding to the end part of the axle box spring core shaft and an arc concave face corresponding to the outer circle part of the axle box spring core shaft, so that the axle box spring has no obvious gap and has the best support property when being placed on the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6.
The position of the axle box spring is limited by the first abutting tool 4, the second abutting tool 5 and the third abutting tool 6, and the specific position degree value of the axle box spring mounting hole can be calculated by measuring the height difference between the lower bottom mounting hole 3 and the detection platform 8. In practical application, two special thread plug gauges with the same specification are installed in the axle box spring lower bottom installation hole 3, the height gauges are used for measuring the distances H1 and H2 between the centers of the 2 threaded holes and the plane 8 of the detection platform, the height difference delta H = H2-H1 is calculated, and the specific angle value of the position degree of the axle box spring installation hole can be obtained through trigonometric function transformation.
In actual use, due to the discreteness of the external dimensions of the axle box spring, in order to ensure that the axis Z of the axle box spring is parallel to the detection platform 8, a small lifting platform 10 movably arranged on the detection platform 8 is further arranged between the first approach tool 4 and the second approach tool 5, the small lifting platform 10 can adjust the height of the axle box spring from the axle core of the axle box spring to the detection platform 8 after the axle box spring is placed between the first approach tool 4 and the third approach tool 6 through lifting and descending by a certain height, and the small lifting platform 10 and a height micrometer adjust the height difference of the axle core from the detection platform to zero, namely H3-H4 = 0, so that the plane where the Z axis is perpendicular to the X/Y axis is located and parallel to the detection platform 8 is ensured.
Claims (7)
1. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method is characterized in that whether the axle box spring mounting hole position degree is within a tolerance range is judged by detecting the size of an included angle gamma between the projection of the center connecting line of the axle box spring upper end mounting hole (2) on the plane of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) and the center connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole (3);
detecting an included angle gamma, wherein the projection of the central connecting line of the upper end mounting hole (2) on the plane of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) is taken as an x axis, a plane coordinate system is established by taking the perpendicular line of the x axis as a y axis, and the included angle gamma is detected by detecting the included angle alpha between the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) and the y axis, wherein the included angle alpha = 90-gamma;
the included angle alpha is detected by measuring the distance of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) in the direction of the x axis; calculating the sine value of the included angle alpha by obtaining the ratio of the distance of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) in the direction of the x axis to the distance of the central connecting line of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) of the axle box spring, thereby obtaining the angle value of the included angle alpha and completing the position degree quantitative detection of the axle box spring mounting hole;
the distance of the lower bottom mounting hole (3) in the direction of the x axis is measured by taking the central axis of the axle box spring as the z axis, a space coordinate system is established with the x axis and the y axis, a detection plane Q is determined, the detection plane Q is parallel to the z axis and is vertical to the x axis, and the included angle alpha is detected by measuring the height difference delta H between the lower bottom mounting hole (3) and the detection plane.
2. The utility model provides a shaft box spring mounting hole position degree quantization detection frock which characterized in that: the device comprises a first abutting tool (4) and a detection platform (8), wherein a pair of positioning holes (9) is formed in the upper end of the first abutting tool (4), the center connecting line of the pair of positioning holes (9) is perpendicular to the detection platform (8), the hole pitch of the positioning holes (9) is equal to the hole pitch of an upper end mounting hole (2) of the axle box spring, and a positioning rod (7) for positioning the upper mounting hole of the axle box spring is further arranged in each positioning hole (9);
the upper end mounting hole (2) is connected with the positioning hole (9) through the positioning rod (7) to complete positioning, and after the positioning is completed, the central axis of the positioning rod (7), the central axis of the positioning hole (9) and the central axis of the upper end mounting hole (2) are superposed with each other; and measuring the height difference delta H between the lower bottom mounting hole (3) and the detection platform (8), and obtaining the position degree specific angle value of the axle box spring mounting hole through trigonometric function transformation.
3. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection tool of claim 2, characterized in that: still including leaning on tight frock two (5) and leaning on tight frock three (6), transversely place the axle box spring back on tight frock two (5) and leaning on tight frock three (6), the axis of axle box spring is parallel with testing platform (8) and axle box spring's upper end mounting hole (2) apart from the height and the locating hole (9) of testing platform (8) according to the height equal of testing platform (8).
4. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection tool of claim 3, characterized in that: lean on tight frock one (4), lean on tight frock two (5) and lean on the equal fixed connection of tight frock three (6) on the plane of testing platform (8), lean on tight frock two (5) to be located and lean on tight frock one (4) and lean on between tight frock two (6).
5. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection tool of claim 4, characterized in that: and the second abutting tool (5) and the third abutting tool (6) are perpendicular to the detection platform (8).
6. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection tool of claim 5, characterized in that: the upper end face of the second abutting tool (5) is an arc concave face corresponding to the end portion of the axle box spring core shaft, and the upper end face of the third abutting tool (6) is an arc concave face corresponding to the outer circle portion of the axle box spring core shaft.
7. The axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection tool of claim 6, characterized in that: the lifting small platform (10) is movably arranged on the detection platform (8) between the first clamping tool (4) and the second clamping tool (5), and the lifting small platform (10) can lift and descend a certain height to adjust the height of the axle spring core shaft to be placed on the first clamping tool (4) to the third clamping tool (6) and then to be away from the detection platform (8).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910789530.1A CN110487147B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method and detection tool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910789530.1A CN110487147B (en) | 2019-08-26 | 2019-08-26 | Axle box spring mounting hole position degree quantitative detection method and detection tool |
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| CN110487147A CN110487147A (en) | 2019-11-22 |
| CN110487147B true CN110487147B (en) | 2021-10-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN87215250U (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1988-11-16 | 刘星达 | Angle measuring instrument for bent pipe |
| US7269912B2 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2007-09-18 | Omnimount Systems, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for mounting a flat panel video display |
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| CN110487147A (en) | 2019-11-22 |
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