CN110481270B - Throttle control method and device for air conditioner of electric bus and air conditioning system - Google Patents
Throttle control method and device for air conditioner of electric bus and air conditioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110481270B CN110481270B CN201910794592.1A CN201910794592A CN110481270B CN 110481270 B CN110481270 B CN 110481270B CN 201910794592 A CN201910794592 A CN 201910794592A CN 110481270 B CN110481270 B CN 110481270B
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00371—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles carrying large numbers of passengers, e.g. buses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00485—Valves for air-conditioning devices, e.g. thermostatic valves
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, and discloses a throttle control method and device for an air conditioner of an electric bus and an air conditioning system, wherein an electric silicon expansion valve is used as a throttle mechanism, and the throttle control method comprises the following steps: collecting the temperature and pressure of an air conditioning system; acquiring the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system; acquiring the flow of the refrigerant which is suitable for the air conditioning system according to the real-time superheat degree; and controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the flow of the refrigerant. According to the throttle control method, the throttle control device and the air conditioning system for the electric motor coach air conditioner, provided by the invention, the electric silicon expansion valve is arranged as a throttle mechanism, so that the problem of coupling between hardware and a system is solved, and the energy conservation, the safety and the stability of the air conditioning system are improved; the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve is adjusted according to the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system, so that intelligent control of the throttling mechanism is realized, the average output power of the compressor is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air conditioners, in particular to a throttle control method and device for an air conditioner of an electric bus and an air conditioning system.
Background
In passenger car air conditioning systems, the throttle mechanism is a critical component system that plays an important role in the performance of the refrigeration system. At present, two throttling methods, namely a thermal expansion valve and an electronic expansion valve, are mainly used.
For the variable frequency system of the compressor of the electric bus air conditioner, a throttling mechanism of the air conditioner is required to have a larger flow adjusting range in order to achieve higher energy efficiency. And the air conditioning system is started to ensure rapid refrigeration and heating, and according to the working state of the compressor, the throttle mechanism is required to rapidly respond and reach the preset expansion valve opening. When the air conditioning system is shut down, the expansion valve is required to quickly close the orifice to avoid the back flow of the refrigerant.
The traditional thermal expansion valve has the defects of limited adjusting range, poor precision, long response time to superheat degree and obvious delay, and causes oscillation caused by alternately opening and closing the expansion valve, thereby being unfavorable for the economy and safety of the system. The common thermal expansion valve is not suitable for an intelligent control system and cannot respond in configuration.
The existing electronic expansion valve generally used has the characteristics of wide flow regulation range, high response speed and higher control precision, but the passenger car air conditioner has the special characteristics of strong nonlinearity, hysteresis, working condition time variability and the like due to the refrigerating system, has strong coupling relation among all parameters of the system, and has defects and shortcomings in energy efficiency, safety stability and the like due to the problems of the flow characteristic of the electronic expansion valve, the stepping motor transmission structure of the valve body, the manufacturing process, the response of the control system and the like, the electronic expansion valve is used as a throttling mechanism, and the intelligent control system still has limitation in following hardware configuration.
Disclosure of Invention
First, the technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a throttle control method, a throttle control device and an air conditioning system for an electric bus air conditioner, which are used for solving or partially solving the problems that the throttle mechanism of the existing bus air conditioner is inconvenient for intelligent control and has defects in energy efficiency, safety and stability and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the above technical problem, according to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a throttle control method for an air conditioner of an electric bus, using an electric silicon expansion valve as a throttle mechanism, the throttle control method comprising: collecting the temperature and pressure of an air conditioning system; acquiring the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system; acquiring the flow of the refrigerant which is suitable for the air conditioning system according to the real-time superheat degree; and controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the flow of the refrigerant.
Based on the scheme, the acquisition of the temperature of the air conditioning system specifically comprises the following steps: the cabin ambient temperature, the evaporator outlet temperature of the air conditioning system, the evaporator coil temperature, and the condenser coil temperature are collected.
Based on the scheme, the acquisition process of the temperature data of each temperature acquisition point is as follows: the data are obtained by a pulse filtering interference prevention average filtering calculation method continuously, and corresponding temperature data are acquired by a linear interpolation method.
Based on the scheme, the method for collecting the pressure of the air conditioning system specifically comprises the following steps: and collecting the high-pressure end pressure at the inlet of the silicon expansion valve and the low-pressure end pressure at the outlet of the silicon expansion valve.
Based on the scheme, the acquisition process of the pressure data of each pressure acquisition point is as follows: selecting sampling times according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements; and acquiring multiple data by adopting an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, sequencing, and removing the maximum value and the minimum value to calculate the average value of the residual data as pressure data.
On the basis of the scheme, the throttling control method further comprises the following steps: and obtaining the mutual corresponding relation between the superheat degree of the air conditioning system and the refrigerant flow and the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve through experiments in advance.
On the basis of the scheme, the throttling control method further comprises the following steps: the minimum stable superheat degree base number of the air conditioning system is obtained in advance through a multi-sampling test for adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve and a minimum stable superheat degree control calculation method; obtaining a required minimum superheat degree according to the minimum stable superheat degree base number and the heat load of the evaporator; and controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the required minimum superheat degree.
On the basis of the scheme, the throttling control method further comprises the following steps: when the air conditioning system is started, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the running frequency of the compressor; when the air conditioning system is closed, the electric silicon expansion valve is closed; when the air conditioning system is in an automatic constant-temperature running state, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree; when the operation condition of a compressor and/or a fan in the air conditioning system changes, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree; and when the superheat degree of the air conditioning system oscillates, the action speed of the electric silicon expansion valve is reduced.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an air conditioner throttle control device for an electric bus, comprising: an electro-silicon expansion valve; further comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature and the pressure of the air conditioning system; the calculation module is used for obtaining the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system; the analysis module is used for obtaining the required refrigerant flow according to the real-time superheat degree; and the driving module is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the required flow of the refrigerant.
The invention provides an electric motor coach air conditioning system, which comprises the electric motor coach air conditioning throttling control device, wherein the electric silicon expansion valve is connected in series between a compressor and an evaporator and is fixedly arranged above a vehicle body air return opening; the system comprises an acquisition module, a calculation module, an analysis module and a driving module, wherein the acquisition module, the calculation module, the analysis module and the driving module are respectively connected with a main control system of the air conditioning system, the main control system is further connected with a communication module, and the communication module is used for remote interaction.
(III) beneficial effects
According to the air conditioner throttle control method, the air conditioner throttle control device and the air conditioner system for the electric motor coach, the electric silicon expansion valve is arranged as the throttle mechanism, so that the coupling problem of hardware and a system is solved, the control response speed is faster, the precision is higher, the service life is longer, and the energy conservation, the safety and the stability of the air conditioner system are improved; the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve is adjusted according to the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system, so that intelligent control of the throttling mechanism is realized, the average output power of the compressor is reduced, and the energy-saving effect is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a throttle control method of an air conditioner of an electric bus according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit of a MEMS expansion valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a throttle control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control principle of a MEMS expansion valve according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the control of the air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a hardware frame diagram of a master control system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a main program design of a master control system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a throttle control method for an air conditioner of an electric bus, referring to fig. 1, an electric silicon expansion valve is adopted as a throttle mechanism, and the throttle control method comprises the following steps: collecting the temperature and pressure of an air conditioning system; acquiring the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system; acquiring the flow of the refrigerant which is suitable for the air conditioning system according to the real-time superheat degree; and controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the flow of the refrigerant.
The micro electromechanical silicon expansion valve is a brand new functional component which introduces micro mechanical electronic technology into the field of refrigeration control, is a micro motor control expansion valve based on MEMS intelligent fluid control technology, uses a pilot valve formed by MEMS technical chips of a 3-layer mechanism to control the opening degree of a main valve, controls the input power of the valve by adjusting the duty ratio of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signals of a valve power supply, and realizes the accurate control of the main valve by heating and expanding MEMS resistance of a silicon material, amplifying displacement by driving a mechanical arm rod and dislocation with a hole site at the lower layer.
The silicon micro-actuator is used as the pilot valve of the expansion valve of the refrigeration air conditioner, so that the operation control is more stable, and the energy-saving effect is more obvious. The electric silicon expansion valve solves the coupling problem of hardware and a system in a variable frequency compressor system and an air conditioner intelligent operation system, and has the advantages of higher control response speed, higher precision and longer service life. The air conditioner throttling mechanism and the control system of the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve with high-precision output are more beneficial to improving the energy conservation, safety and stability of an air conditioner system.
The throttle control method is based on the operation calculation of the air conditioning system superheat degree by the air conditioning system temperature and pressure monitoring software, and the opening degree of the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve can be driven, controlled and regulated according to the preset refrigerant flow required for the air conditioning system real-time superheat degree load and the driving control program of the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve stored in the micro-computer chip through the monitoring data feedback of the air conditioning system temperature and pressure sensors. Thereby realizing intelligent control of the throttling mechanism, reducing the average output power of the compressor and achieving the effect of energy conservation.
Further, the silicon expansion valve may be stepped in 0.5 pulse width modulation steps with a continuous linear change in main valve opening from 20% to 80%. The silicon expansion valve mainly comprises a silicon micro-actuator pilot valve and a main valve. The silicon micro-actuator pilot valve is driven by a 24V or 12V Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) electrical signal, and the square wave signal adjusts the pulse width to control the opening of the main valve by adjusting the input power of the duty cycle control valve.
When the micro-electrothermal actuator in the pilot valve is electrified, particles are generated and amplified, and the displacement is proportional to the duty ratio of the (PWM) electric signal. The duty ratio is increased, the pilot valve displacement is increased, the opening of the normally closed hole is increased, the opening of the normally open hole is reduced, the control pressure transmitted to the main valve core by the pilot valve is increased, the main valve core moves downwards, the opening of the main valve is increased, and the flow is increased until the upper control pressure and the lower pressure (feedback pressure and spring force) are balanced. Conversely, the duty ratio is reduced, the pilot valve displacement is reduced, the opening of the normally closed hole is reduced, the opening of the normally open hole is increased, the control pressure transmitted to the main valve core by the pilot valve is reduced, the main valve core moves upwards, the opening of the main valve is increased and the flow is reduced until the upper control pressure and the lower pressure (feedback pressure+spring force) are balanced.
The main valve follows the linear movement of the pilot valve, and the opening of the main valve also changes along with the position of the pilot valve, so that the automatic adjustment of the flow of the refrigerant is realized, and the influence of the fluctuation of the feedback pressure is avoided. Under the condition of no power on, the normally closed of the pilot valve is closed, the normally open hole is opened, and fluid moving under the action of feedback pressure enters the pilot valve through the control hole and then flows out through the open hole. At any time, when the feedback pressure is inconsistent with the driving pressure, the main valve moves, opening or closing the main valve opening until the feedback pressure and the driving pressure are balanced.
Further, referring to fig. 2, the acquiring the temperature of the air conditioning system specifically includes: the cabin ambient temperature, the evaporator outlet temperature of the air conditioning system, the evaporator coil temperature, and the condenser coil temperature are collected.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the process of acquiring temperature data for each temperature acquisition point is as follows: the data are obtained by a pulse filtering interference prevention average filtering calculation method continuously, and corresponding temperature data are acquired by a linear interpolation method.
The temperature data acquisition process is relatively complex, and in order to improve the precision, the data is obtained by continuously using an anti-pulse-filter interference average filtering calculation method, and the corresponding temperature value is acquired by using a linear interpolation method.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the step of collecting the pressure of the air conditioning system specifically includes: and collecting the high-pressure end pressure at the inlet of the silicon expansion valve and the low-pressure end pressure at the outlet of the silicon expansion valve.
Further, based on the above embodiment, the collecting process of the pressure data for each pressure collecting point is: selecting sampling times according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements; and acquiring multiple data by adopting an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, sequencing, and removing the maximum value and the minimum value to calculate the average value of the residual data as pressure data.
And acquiring temperature and pressure data, selecting sampling times and selecting proper software filtering treatment according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements. The pressure data acquisition adopts an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, acquires multiple data, sorts the data, removes the maximum value and the minimum value and calculates the average value of the residual data.
And the control program of the air-conditioning refrigeration system obtains the actual superheat value of the air-conditioning system by using a fuzzy calculation method according to the sampled outlet temperature of the evaporator and the pressure value of the high-low pressure system. The control algorithm calculates the opening degree variable of the silicon valve according to the deviation between the set target temperature and the actual superheat degree of the system and the deviation change rate, thereby realizing the feedback control of the ECU of the air conditioning system.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the throttle control method further includes: and obtaining the mutual corresponding relation between the superheat degree of the air conditioning system and the refrigerant flow and the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve through experiments in advance. And adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve on the basis of obtaining the real-time superheat degree according to the corresponding relation.
Further, with reference to fig. 3, the throttle control method further includes: the minimum stable superheat degree base number of the air conditioning system is obtained in advance through a multi-sampling test for adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve and a minimum stable superheat degree control calculation method; obtaining a required minimum superheat degree according to the minimum stable superheat degree base number and the heat load of the evaporator; and controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the required minimum superheat degree.
The throttle control system of the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve of the electric bus air conditioner is based on the operation superheat degree calculation of a throttle control module of an ECU main control system of the air conditioner system, follows the operation load of the air conditioner system, monitors temperature and pressure operation data, and drives and adjusts the opening degree of the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve through an intelligent program.
The minimum stable superheat degree base number of the air conditioning system is obtained by adjusting the silicon valve opening degree multi-sampling test and the minimum stable superheat degree control calculation method, the minimum superheat degree can be stably controlled by the system to change along with the change of the heat load of the evaporator, and the superheat degree is adaptively set, so that the energy efficiency of the system is improved.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the throttle control method further includes: when the air conditioning system is started, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the running frequency of the compressor; when the air conditioning system is closed, the electric silicon expansion valve is closed; when the air conditioning system is in an automatic constant-temperature running state, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree; when the operation condition of a compressor and/or a fan in the air conditioning system changes, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree; and when the superheat degree of the air conditioning system oscillates, the action speed of the electric silicon expansion valve is reduced.
The throttle control method comprises the following specific processes: the air conditioning system is started, the ECU main control system runs a variable frequency control program according to the set compressor, the electric silicon expansion valve automatically controls driving output, the electric silicon expansion valve rapidly responds with the rotating speed and the frequency of the compressor, and the silicon valve reaches a fully-opened state when the compressor outputs at full speed, so that the requirements of rapid refrigeration and heating of the air conditioning system are met. And the air conditioning system is closed, the ECU main control system rapidly drives the silicon valve to be closed, and the reflux of the refrigerant is controlled to protect the compressor.
The air conditioning system enters an automatic constant temperature running state, the ECU main control system throttles the control module, automatically adjusts the opening degree of the silicon valve according to the monitoring calculation of the actual superheat degree of the air conditioning running, controls the air conditioning and the compressor system to supply liquid to the refrigerant of the evaporator, and reduces the output power of the compressor, thereby realizing the effect of energy saving.
The air conditioning compressor and the fan working conditions are changed drastically, the system monitors the sudden increase and the sudden decrease of the operation superheat degree, and the throttling control system rapidly adjusts the flow of the refrigerant to rapidly stabilize the working condition of the air conditioning system and reach the preset refrigeration or heating temperature. When the superheat degree of the air conditioning system oscillates, the electric silicon expansion valve is used for adjusting the superheat degree, so that the action speed is reduced, and the system is protected.
On the basis of the foregoing embodiment, further, this embodiment provides an air conditioner throttle control device for an electric bus, including: an electro-silicon expansion valve; further comprises: the acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature and the pressure of the air conditioning system; the calculation module is used for obtaining the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system; the analysis module is used for obtaining the required refrigerant flow according to the real-time superheat degree; and the driving module is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the required flow of the refrigerant.
The acquisition module specifically comprises a temperature acquisition module and a pressure acquisition module. The temperature acquisition module comprises temperature sensors arranged inside the carriage, at the evaporator coil, at the evaporator outlet and at the condenser coil. The pressure acquisition module comprises pressure sensors arranged at the inlet and the outlet of the electric silicon expansion valve.
The throttle control device also comprises a power supply module which provides a driving power supply for the electric silicon expansion valve and converts a 12VDC or 24VDC voltage of a vehicle body power supply air conditioning system into a 5V control voltage.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides an air conditioning system of an electric passenger car, including the air conditioning throttle control device of an electric passenger car according to the above embodiment, where an electric silicon expansion valve is serially connected between a compressor and an evaporator and is fixedly arranged above an air return opening of the car body; the acquisition module, the calculation module, the analysis module and the driving module are respectively connected with a main control system of the air conditioning system, the main control system is also connected with the communication module, and the communication module is used for remote interaction. The air conditioner ECU main control system has a communication function and a remote fault diagnosis and analysis function.
The electric silicon expansion valve is connected with the air conditioner high-pressure pipe and the air conditioner low-pressure pipe according to the fixed structure and the direction, is arranged on the support of the evaporator assembly end of the air conditioning system, and is arranged above the roof return air inlet, and the design structure is convenient to install and maintain. The joint is subjected to an airtight test, so that no leakage and loosening of structural interference are ensured. The power supply and the signal line of the expansion valve are connected with the ECU control assembly through an air conditioning wire harness, and the ECU control assembly drives and controls the electric silicon expansion valve according to data signals fed back by the temperature and pressure monitoring and operation superheat algorithm module of the air conditioning system and a built-in program.
The electric silicon expansion valve is used as a throttling mechanism in an air conditioning system, and the comfort of the ambient temperature of a carriage and energy conservation are important indexes. In the whole control process, the temperature in the carriage is ensured to be rapidly and stably close to a set value, and the output energy efficiency ratio under various load conditions is ensured. The rotation speed of the compressor, the flow of the refrigerant, the evaporator and the condenser are required to be reasonably controlled and matched, and the flow control of the electric silicon expansion valve is a main control path between coordination, so that the electric silicon expansion valve belongs to an important control link in a system.
According to the control mechanism and characteristics of the electric silicon expansion valve and the working condition of the vehicle air conditioner, the control of the electric silicon expansion valve adopts a temperature and pressure control method, and the control accuracy of the electric silicon expansion valve along with the influence of load change is higher. And the ECU control system of the electric bus air conditioner is added with a throttling control module, namely a throttling control device, the temperature and pressure of the system are acquired through temperature and pressure sensors, the superheat degree is calculated through a system operation superheat degree algorithm according to the minimum superheat degree data base number acquired through system test acquisition, a data signal is fed back, and the driving of the electric silicon expansion valve is controlled along with the dynamic load.
Further, referring to fig. 6, a micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve throttle control system in an air conditioner of an electric motor coach is applied to the air conditioner system of the coach by adopting the micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve, and the throttle control system comprises a micro-electromechanical silicon expansion valve, a driving power supply and a control thereof, an air conditioner system temperature and pressure sensor and an air conditioner ECU control assembly. The air conditioner ECU control assembly and the throttle control module thereof, the air conditioning system can control the electric silicon expansion valve to carry out full opening confirmation before executing action, can eliminate the problem that the electric silicon expansion valve is out of step during operation, and can ensure the operation stability of the air conditioning system. The hardware of the electric silicon expansion valve driving and controlling system consists of a vehicle air conditioner ECU main control module, a power supply module, an analog quantity acquisition module, a driving module and a communication module.
The control module driven by the electric silicon expansion valve is added to the vehicle air conditioner ECU main control system and is used as a control core of the throttle control system, so that the intelligent monitoring and control functions of the control system are realized. And the air conditioner ECU main control system provides a driving power supply for the electric silicon expansion valve and converts a 12VDC or 24VDC voltage of a vehicle body power supply for the air conditioner system into a 5V control voltage.
The analog quantity acquisition module comprises 4 paths of temperature acquisition and 2 paths of pressure acquisition, and measures and monitors the temperature and pressure values of the refrigerating system. The pressure sensor is as follows: a high-pressure-side pressure sensor and a low-pressure-side pressure sensor; the temperature sensor is a cabin ambient temperature, an evaporator outlet temperature, an evaporator coil temperature, and a condenser coil temperature.
The temperature sensor adopts a negative temperature thermistor NTC sensor, and the resistance error is +1%. The standard resistance value is 10K at 25 ℃, the temperature is nonlinear, and the higher the temperature is, the lower the resistance value is. The thermistor and the precise resistor R32 connected in series with the thermistor divide the +5V participation voltage to generate a temperature signal acquisition voltage, and the signal voltage is output to a data acquisition input port of a silicon valve control module of the ECU main control system after low-pass filtering.
And the pressure is acquired by partial signals, the pressure of the refrigerant at the high-pressure end and the low-pressure end of the air conditioner is measured within the range of 0-40MPa, and the precision is 5%. A voltage type pressure sensor is adopted to output a voltage signal of 0.5V-4.5V, and the precision is 1%. The voltage signal is sent to the voltage follower LM358 after being filtered by the capacitor, and the pressure signal is output to the data acquisition input port of the silicon valve control module of the ECU main control system through the voltage follower.
And the driving module is used for driving the opening and closing of the silicon expansion valve. Both specifications of the drive voltages 12V and 24V are available, the maximum operating current 3A. The MOS field effect transistor IRF1404 is selected as the main driving chip for the silicon valve driving. The conduction resistance value is 0.004 omega, the maximum conduction voltage is 40V, and the current 162A is higher than the silicon valve driving current.
And the communication module, the RS485 communication interface, is communicated with the main control system. The RS485 bus adopts a combination mode of a balance receiver and a differential receiver, and has stronger common-mode interference suppression capability.
Referring to fig. 7, the main control system of the passenger car air conditioner has the main program design process that: the initialization program mainly completes definition of I/O ports, configuration of registers such as a serial port module, a timer module and the like, reading of the eporom and assignment of the initial value of the system variable, and prepares for running of all programs.
And acquiring temperature and pressure data, selecting sampling times and selecting proper software filtering treatment according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements. The pressure data acquisition adopts an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, acquires multiple data, sorts the data, removes the maximum value and the minimum value and calculates the average value of the residual data.
The temperature data acquisition process is relatively complex, and in order to improve the precision, the data is obtained by continuously using an anti-pulse-filter interference average filtering calculation method, and the corresponding temperature value is acquired by using a linear interpolation method.
And the control program of the refrigerating system obtains the actual superheat value of the air conditioning system by using a fuzzy calculation method according to the sampled outlet temperature of the evaporator and the pressure value of the high-low pressure system. The control algorithm calculates the opening degree variable of the silicon valve according to the deviation between the set target temperature and the actual superheat degree of the system and the deviation change rate, thereby realizing the feedback control of the ECU of the air conditioning system.
The serial port communication adopts an interrupt method, a main control system is set to receive the interrupt, the main control system receives a command from the monitoring software and enters a serial port interrupt receiving program, and then corresponding operation is executed according to the command of the monitoring software.
The program firstly checks the received instruction, if the received instruction cannot pass the check, an error code is sent out to end the program, and if the program passes the check, the operations such as parameter inquiry, system running state parameter setting and system detection are completed according to the instruction.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The air conditioner throttling control method of the electric bus is characterized by adopting an electric silicon expansion valve as a throttling mechanism, and comprises the following steps of:
collecting the temperature and pressure of an air conditioning system;
acquiring the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system;
acquiring the flow of the refrigerant which is suitable for the air conditioning system according to the real-time superheat degree;
controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the flow of the refrigerant;
wherein, the temperature of collection air conditioning system specifically includes: collecting the ambient temperature of a carriage, the outlet temperature of an evaporator of an air conditioning system, the temperature of an evaporator coil and the temperature of a condenser coil;
wherein, the acquisition process of temperature data of each temperature acquisition point is as follows: continuously obtaining data by a pulse filtering interference prevention average filtering calculation method, and acquiring corresponding temperature data by a linear interpolation method;
the throttle control method further comprises the following steps:
the minimum stable superheat degree base number of the air conditioning system is obtained in advance through a multi-sampling test for adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve and a minimum stable superheat degree control calculation method;
obtaining a required minimum superheat degree according to the minimum stable superheat degree base number and the heat load of the evaporator;
controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the minimum superheat degree;
the throttle control method further comprises the following steps:
when the air conditioning system is started, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the running frequency of the compressor;
when the air conditioning system is closed, the electric silicon expansion valve is closed;
when the air conditioning system is in an automatic constant-temperature running state, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree;
when the operation condition of a compressor and/or a fan in the air conditioning system changes, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree;
when the superheat degree of the air conditioning system oscillates, the action speed of the electric silicon expansion valve is reduced;
wherein, gather air conditioning system's pressure specifically includes: collecting high-pressure end pressure at an inlet of a silicon expansion valve and low-pressure end pressure at an outlet of the silicon expansion valve;
the pressure data acquisition process for each pressure acquisition point comprises the following steps:
selecting sampling times according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements;
adopting an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, collecting multiple times of data, sequencing, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and calculating the average value of the residual data as pressure data;
the throttle control method further comprises the following steps:
and obtaining the mutual corresponding relation between the superheat degree of the air conditioning system and the refrigerant flow and the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve through experiments in advance.
2. An electric motor coach air conditioner throttle control device, characterized by comprising: an electro-silicon expansion valve; further comprises:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the temperature and the pressure of the air conditioning system;
the calculation module is used for obtaining the real-time superheat degree of the air conditioning system according to the real-time temperature and the real-time pressure of the air conditioning system;
the analysis module is used for obtaining the required refrigerant flow according to the real-time superheat degree;
the driving module is used for controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the required flow of the refrigerant;
wherein, the temperature of collection air conditioning system specifically includes: collecting the ambient temperature of a carriage, the outlet temperature of an evaporator of an air conditioning system, the temperature of an evaporator coil and the temperature of a condenser coil;
wherein, the acquisition process of temperature data of each temperature acquisition point is as follows: continuously obtaining data by a pulse filtering interference prevention average filtering calculation method, and acquiring corresponding temperature data by a linear interpolation method;
wherein the control adjustment comprises:
the minimum stable superheat degree base number of the air conditioning system is obtained in advance through a multi-sampling test for adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve and a minimum stable superheat degree control calculation method;
obtaining a required minimum superheat degree according to the minimum stable superheat degree base number and the heat load of the evaporator;
controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the minimum superheat degree;
wherein, the control adjustment further comprises:
when the air conditioning system is started, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the running frequency of the compressor;
when the air conditioning system is closed, the electric silicon expansion valve is closed;
when the air conditioning system is in an automatic constant-temperature running state, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree;
when the operation condition of a compressor and/or a fan in the air conditioning system changes, controlling and adjusting the opening of the electric silicon expansion valve according to the real-time superheat degree;
when the superheat degree of the air conditioning system oscillates, the action speed of the electric silicon expansion valve is reduced;
wherein, gather air conditioning system's pressure specifically includes: collecting high-pressure end pressure at an inlet of a silicon expansion valve and low-pressure end pressure at an outlet of the silicon expansion valve;
the pressure data acquisition process for each pressure acquisition point comprises the following steps:
selecting sampling times according to analog quantity acquisition precision and time requirements;
adopting an anti-pulse interference average filtering method, collecting multiple times of data, sequencing, removing the maximum value and the minimum value, and calculating the average value of the residual data as pressure data;
wherein, the control adjustment further comprises:
and obtaining the mutual corresponding relation between the superheat degree of the air conditioning system and the refrigerant flow and the opening degree of the electric silicon expansion valve through experiments in advance.
3. An electric bus air conditioning system is characterized by comprising the electric bus air conditioning throttling control device according to claim 2, wherein the electric silicon expansion valve is connected in series between a compressor and an evaporator and is fixedly arranged above a bus body air return opening; the system comprises an acquisition module, a calculation module, an analysis module and a driving module, wherein the acquisition module, the calculation module, the analysis module and the driving module are respectively connected with a main control system of the air conditioning system, the main control system is further connected with a communication module, and the communication module is used for remote interaction.
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| JP2006343001A (en) * | 2005-06-08 | 2006-12-21 | Saginomiya Seisakusho Inc | Pressure detecting device, superheat degree detecting device and control device for cooling system |
| CN103033004B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-03-30 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | A kind of control method of automotive air-conditioning system electric expansion valve |
| CN103033005B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2016-04-20 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | A kind of control method of automotive air-conditioning system electric expansion valve |
| CN103423836B (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2018-03-13 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Vehicle air conditioner control method for overheat and vehicle air conditioner |
| CN103673416A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-26 | 杭州三花研究院有限公司 | Control method for refrigerant flow quantity in automobile air conditioning system and automobile air conditioning system |
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| CN204593993U (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-08-26 | 广州市唯金空调科技有限公司 | A kind of smart electronics expansion valve control system |
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Address after: 215612 Fumin Road, Fenghuang Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 6 Patentee after: Jiangsu Alte Intelligent Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215612 Fumin Road, Fenghuang Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 6 Patentee before: JIANGSU AERTE AIR CONDITIONING INDUSTRIAL Co.,Ltd. |