CN110473116B - Method for evaluating proliferation ecological capacity based on bait demand - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for evaluating proliferation ecological capacity based on bait demand, which belongs to the technical field of proliferation and releasing, integrates basic information of resource proliferation and releasing through field investigation, indoor experiments and historical data based on the angles of bait dynamic change and foraging demand, establishes predation influence relation of releasing types on the basis of growth, death, feeding and ingestion of the releasing types, the production of bait organisms, habitat parameters and the like, quantifies the relation between proliferation potential of the releasing types and the bait basis, and estimates the releasing quantity of the releasing types which are reasonable. The problem of the ecological capacity proliferation is estimated, and the result is directly calculated by simulation through a series of parameters of the releasing sea area and the releasing type life history, so that the effects of simplicity, easiness in operation and effectiveness are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of proliferation and releasing, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating proliferation ecological capacity based on bait requirements.
Technical Field
World marine fishery resources are under tremendous pressure. The global fisheries fishing production has grown from 2000 million tons in 1950 to 9000 million tons in 2012. The global fishing effort remained unchanged during 1950-1970 and then increased steadily over the optimal amount until now. With the increasing demand of human beings for marine resources, over-fishing and the aggravation of environmental pollution, the recovery speed of wild populations of fishery resources is far lower than the increase of human demand. At the end of the 80 s, the annual capture of marine life by human beings for the first time exceeds 1.3 hundred million tons, which is far higher than the renewability of marine life population. Aiming at the current situation of marine fishery resource decline, a series of fishery management measures are correspondingly implemented by governments of various countries, and after being summarized, the fishery management measures can be roughly divided into 3 types: namely, the fishing force is controlled, a natural protection area is established in important water areas (such as spawning sites of some economic species), and the proliferation and releasing of marine organism resources are implemented. Experts point out that the implementation of the proliferation and release of marine biological resources is the most direct and fundamental fishery resource recovery measure.
The proliferation and releasing not only needs to recover the population quantity of released species, but also needs to ensure that the structure and the function of an ecological system in a release water area are not damaged, and the ecological balance is developed and maintained towards the direction of ecological releasing. At present, the successful proliferation and releasing cases are relatively few, only a few kinds of proliferation and releasing of Japanese northern sea scallop (Mizuhopectnyessensis), New Zealand south island scallop, yellow Bohai sea Chinese prawn (Penaeus chinensis) and the like obtain obvious effects, but the proliferation and releasing with large releasing scale have little effect and also cause a plurality of negative effects, such as: loss of population genetic diversity, multiple diseases, unbalance of an ecological system and the like.
In 2003, the food and agriculture organization of the United nations proposed the concept of 'responsible fishery aquaculture', and the implementation of aquaculture plans needs to evaluate the potential influence on the biodiversity according to the resource nutrition condition and the environment of the sea area, protect the habitat of aquatic organisms and pay attention to the ecological risk caused by excessive proliferation. The optimal release strategy is one of the elements for solving the ocean resource proliferation problem under responsibility, and comprises release sites, release sizes, release seasons and release quantity. Before proliferation and release, the ecological system of the release water area is investigated, the ecological structure and the food chain composition of the release water area are known, the primary productivity, the secondary productivity and the dynamic change of the primary productivity and the secondary productivity are found out, and the proliferation type screening, the release place, the release specification and the release quantity evaluation are carried out. Proliferation capacity research is a prerequisite to the study of optimal release volumes, and the capacity concept derives from the population growth logistic equation, the term first used by Errington in 1934. Ecological capacity Ecological harvesting capacity is a specific use of the capacity concept, applied in proliferation discharge as a proliferation Ecological capacity. The maximum proliferation amount which can be supported by a specific period and a specific sea area and can not cause significant changes of species, population and ecosystem structure and function is defined by referring to the definition of the capacity and the ecological capacity of the culture.
Since the 20 th century and the 80 th century, China has already developed the proliferation and release of Chinese prawns in the Bohai sea and the northern part of the yellow sea, and after the 21 st century, the strength of proliferation and release is increased from 2005, and particularly in 2009, the variety and the number of proliferation and release are obviously increased. Chinese prawn, blue crab, jellyfish, Paralichthys olivaceus, cynoglossus semilaevis and other public fishery species with extremely high economic value are released in Laizhou bay, Tianjin city, Hebei province and Liaoning province, respectively, in Laizhou bay, Bohai bay, Qinhuang island sea, Liaodong bay, Shandong semiisland near shore and other areas. The proliferation and releasing increase the fishery output, fisherman income and employment opportunities, but have certain negative effects at the same time, and the excessive releasing has certain genetic risks to wild species. Guiding the breeding and releasing of fishery resources to develop towards the direction of ecological releasing and developing fishery resource maintenance technical research, and firstly carrying out breeding capacity evaluation of releasing types.
On the basis of research methods and research means, research on proliferation ecological capacity of released species is mainly evaluated from the viewpoints of dynamic change of baits and foraging requirements at present, whether the baits of the proliferation and release target species are sufficient or not is crucial to whether the proliferation and release effects are achieved or not, and the limitation of bait organisms becomes a main reason for unsuccessful proliferation and release in some sea areas. Some scholars in China only roughly estimate the appropriate release amount of the penaeus chinensis in gulf of the Guzhou and northern litopenaeus vannamei based on the bait organisms and the maximum production amount required by the penaeus chinensis. Quantitative studies on ecological capacity are carried out by scholars through models, such as Ecopath models. The Ecopath model allows for the assessment of the ecological capacity of released species, taking into account species interactions, food competitors, predators, and the primary production base that sea areas can provide. By using the Ecopath model, the ecological accommodation capacity of bivalve shellfish, tilapia and the like, and the ecological capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei, Portunus trituberculatus and Bohai Penaeus chinensis are evaluated. However, the Ecopath model has certain limitations, and from the perspective of material energy balance, the ecological capacity of a static simulation specific period, a specific water area system, the proliferation species and the growth change process of bait organisms are not considered for a while, as an ecological system model, the parameter debugging of the model is more complicated, and the model needs to be re-established for different sea areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the proliferation ecological capacity based on bait requirements, which integrates basic information of resource proliferation and releasing through field investigation, indoor experiments and historical data based on the angles of bait dynamic change and foraging requirements, establishes a predation influence relation of releasing types on the basis of growth, death, feeding and ingestion of the releasing types, the production of bait organisms, habitat parameters and the like, quantifies the relation between the proliferation potential of the releasing types and the bait bases, and estimates the releasing quantity of the releasing types which are reasonable. The problem of the ecological capacity proliferation is estimated, and the result is directly calculated by simulation through a series of parameters of the releasing sea area and the releasing type life history, so that the effects of simplicity, easiness in operation and effectiveness are achieved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for assessing proliferative ecological capacity based on bait demand, the method comprising:
(1) obtaining population growth parameters of the releasing species, wherein the population growth parameters comprise asymptotic body length, asymptotic body weight, a growth equation, natural mortality, catching mortality and daily average mortality; obtaining a habitat parameter, the habitat parameter comprising a habitat temperature;
relationship between body length and body weight:
Wt＝a·Lt b (1)
wherein Wt、LtThe weight and the length of the body are respectively t time, and a and b are constants;
body length age-related von Bertalanffy growth equation:
wherein L istIs body length at time t, L∞To asymptotic body length, t0Is Lt0cm theoretical age, K is a constant;
the natural mortality rate:
logM＝-0.2107-0.0824logW∞+0.6757logK+0.4627logTc (3)
wherein M is natural mortality (W)∞To approximate body weight, TcThe average temperature (DEG C) of the habitat in years, and K is a constant;
the instantaneous mortality rate was the average daily mortality rate:
wherein M is the natural mortality (/ year), F is the fishing mortality (/ year), the length of the fish which does not grow to the legal fishing length is set as 0;
(2) obtaining ingestion parameters, wherein the ingestion parameters comprise tail fin area ratio of release species and ingestion type index; finally obtaining the daily food intake of each unit biomass of the releasing type;
daily food intake per biomass unit of the Release species (QB, g (g, d)-1)
Wherein W∞Is body weight at time t; a is the aspect ratio (aspect ratio) of the tail fin, which refers to the ratio of the square of the height of the tail fin to the area; ftIs a feeding type index, the carnivorous property is 0, the vegetarian and clastic properties are 1; t iscThe annual average temperature (° c) of the habitat;
(3) analyzing the feeding habits of the released species, identifying the types of the main food organisms, and calculating the contribution rate of the main food organisms to the food intake of the released species; obtaining parameters including the daily average production of the main bait organisms n supporting the release categories, the daily average food intake of the release categories to the bait organisms and the daily average residual quantity of the bait organisms;
daily average production of main bait organisms n-support release species:
Bt,n＝Gpt,n·SSn·A·Pen·tot·(1-e-θ·T) (6)
wherein Gp ist,nIndicating bait organismsAverage daily growth rate, SSnRepresenting the initial resource amount of bait organisms, A representing the area of the releasing area, PenRepresents the contribution rate of the bait organism n to the released species, tot represents the sum (assumed to be 1) of the contribution rates of the bait organism n to other species, θ is a constant, T is the temperature (° c) of the habitat, and the temperature changes with time: t ═ T0+c·(1-cos(2π(t-t0)/365))(7)
Wherein, T0Is the assumed minimum temperature of growth, c is a constant, t0Age at which growth begins for the released species (L)tTheoretical age of 0 cm).
Daily average food intake (C, g/d) of released species to bait organisms:
Cpt,n＝Wt·QB·Pt,n (8)
wherein, Pt,nRepresents the proportion of bait organisms n in the food composition of the releasing species, QB is the daily food intake per unit biomass of the releasing species, WtBody weight at time t; the C value varies with the growth and feeding habits of the released species.
The daily average residual quantity of the bait organisms: dpt,n＝Bt,n-Cpt,n (9)
Wherein B ist,nDaily average production of released species for bait organisms n support Cmax,nThe maximum daily feeding pressure of the releasing species on the bait organisms is described, and only C when the C value is maximum for the first time is considered when calculating the maximum releasing quantitymax,nAt this time Dpt,nAnd tends to be 0, according to the formula (10),
Bt,n＝Cpt,n (10)
(4) collecting and utilizing the parameters, calculating the predation influence relation between the simulated releasing variety and the bait organisms, determining the proliferation ecological capacity of the releasing variety according to the maximum food intake provided by the bait organisms for the releasing variety, and estimating the reasonable releasing quantity;
according to the formulas (1), (2), (7) and (9), a series of linear simultaneous equations are obtained:
based on the potential maximum predation influence of the released species on the bait organisms, the habitat can support C according to the released speciesmax,nThe capacity of production is expressed by the formula (11), where t is tmax
Reasonable discharge amount during propagation discharge:
wherein M is natural mortality (/ year) and F is fishing mortality (/ year).
The invention also provides a calculation model formed by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is based on growth, death, feeding and ingestion of the releasing species, the production quantity of the bait organisms, habitat parameters and the like, the effects of food intake and predation in releasing are calculated, the reasonable releasing quantity of the releasing species is estimated from the aspects of dynamic change of the bait and the foraging demand, the method is applicable to different sea areas, and a simple and general method is provided for the evaluation of the proliferation ecological capacity of the releasing species.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the result of the simulation of the proliferation capacity of female Bohai sea penaeus chinensis;
FIG. 2 shows the result of the simulation of the proliferation capacity of male penaeus chinensis in Bohai sea.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below by taking the bohai sea penaeus chinensis as an example, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
The embodiment calculates the proliferation ecological capacity of the Bohai sea Chinese prawn by using the method. The proliferation ecological capacities of female and male shrimps of the Chinese prawns were simulated separately taking into account the differences in the growth process.
A method for assessing proliferative ecological capacity based on bait demand, the method comprising:
(1) obtaining population growth parameters of the releasing species, wherein the population growth parameters comprise asymptotic body length, asymptotic body weight, a growth equation, natural mortality, catching mortality and daily average mortality; obtaining a habitat parameter, the habitat parameter comprising a habitat temperature;
relationship between body length and body weight:
Wt＝a·Lt b (1)
wherein Wt、LtThe weight and the length of the body are respectively t time, and a and b are constants;
body length age-related von Bertalanffy growth equation:
wherein L istIs body length at time t, L∞To asymptotic body length, t0Is Lt0cm theoretical age, K is a constant;
the natural mortality rate:
logM＝-0.2107-0.0824logW∞+0.6757logK+0.4627logTc (3)
wherein M is natural mortality (W)∞To approximate body weight, TcThe average temperature (DEG C) of the habitat in years, and K is a constant;
the instantaneous mortality rate was the average daily mortality rate:
wherein M is the natural mortality (/ year), F is the fishing mortality (/ year), the length of the fish which does not grow to the legal fishing length is set as 0;
(2) obtaining ingestion parameters, wherein the ingestion parameters comprise tail fin area ratio of release species and ingestion type index; finally obtaining the daily food intake of each unit biomass of the releasing type;
daily food intake per biomass unit of the Release species (QB, g (g, d)-1)
Wherein W∞Is body weight at time t; a is the aspect ratio (aspect ratio) of the tail fin, which refers to the ratio of the square of the height of the tail fin to the area; ftIs a feeding type index, the carnivorous property is 0, the vegetarian and clastic properties are 1; t iscThe annual average temperature (° c) of the habitat;
(3) analyzing the feeding habits of the released species, identifying the types of the main food organisms, and calculating the contribution rate of the main food organisms to the food intake of the released species; obtaining parameters including the daily average production of the main bait organisms n supporting the release categories, the daily average food intake of the release categories to the bait organisms and the daily average residual quantity of the bait organisms;
daily average production of bait organisms n-support release species:
Bt,n＝Gpt,n·SSn·A·Pen·tot·(1-e-θ·T) (6)
wherein Gp ist,nIndicating the average daily growth rate of the bait organisms, SSnRepresenting the initial resource amount of bait organisms, A representing the area of the releasing area, PenRepresents the contribution rate of the bait organism n to the released species, tot represents the sum (assumed to be 1) of the contribution rates of the bait organism n to other species, θ is a constant, T is the temperature (° c) of the habitat, and the temperature changes with time: t ═ T0+c·(1-cos(2π(t-t0)/365)) (7)
Wherein, T0Is the assumed minimum temperature of growth, c is a constant, t0Age at which growth begins for the released species (L)tTheoretical age of 0 cm).
Daily average food intake (C, g/d) of released species to bait organisms:
Cpt,n＝Wt·QB·Pt,n (8)
wherein, Pt,nRepresents the proportion of bait organisms n in the food composition of the releasing species, QB is the daily food intake per unit biomass of the releasing species, WtBody weight at time t; the C value changes with the growth and feeding habits of the released speciesChange from chemical to chemical.
The daily average residual quantity of the bait organisms: dpt,n＝Bt,n-Cpt,n (9)
Wherein B ist,nDaily average production of released species for bait organisms n support Cmax,nThe maximum daily feeding pressure of the releasing species on the bait organisms is described, and only C when the C value is maximum for the first time is considered when calculating the maximum releasing quantitymax,nAt this time Dpt,nAnd tends to be 0, according to the formula (10),
Bt,n＝Cpt,n (10)
(4) collecting and utilizing the parameters, calculating the predation influence relation between the simulated releasing variety and the bait organisms, determining the proliferation ecological capacity of the releasing variety according to the maximum food intake provided by the bait organisms for the releasing variety, and estimating the reasonable releasing quantity;
according to the formulas (1), (2), (7) and (9), a series of linear simultaneous equations are obtained:
based on the potential maximum predation influence of the released species on the bait organisms, the habitat can support C according to the released speciesmax,nThe capacity of production is expressed by the formula (11), where t is tmax
Reasonable discharge amount during propagation discharge:
wherein M is natural mortality (/ year) and F is fishing mortality (/ year).
For simplicity and ease of operation, a computational model is formed according to the algorithm principles described above.
In this embodiment, the proliferation ecological capacity of the bohai penaeus chinensis is simulated and calculated by taking the bohai penaeus chinensis as an example. In the embodiment, on the basis of the growth, death, feeding and ingestion of the Chinese prawn, the production quantity of bait organisms, habitat parameters and the like, a predation influence relationship is established, the relationship between the proliferation potential and the bait foundation is quantified, a series of linear simultaneous equations of life histories of the Chinese prawn such as the growth, death and ingestion are established, the ODE45 function in MATLAB software is used for solving, an intuitive ingestion influence graph is made, and the proliferation ecological capacity of the Chinese prawn is further determined.
Model parameters
Bohai sea Chinese prawn
Suppose 5 months and 25 days, t is 0 and t is0(age at the beginning of growth) 25 days
♀:W＝11.0×10-6L3.0044
Lt＝201.3(1-e-0.018(t-25)) L∞＝201.3mm
Wt＝91.8(1-e-0.018(t-25))3 W∞＝91.8g
♂:W＝11.3×10-6L2.9987
Lt＝163.5(1-e-0.0168(t-9)) L∞＝163.5mm
Wt＝49.1(1-e-0.0168(t-9))3 W∞＝49.1g
The fishing is performed in the period of 6 months and 9 months; releasing seedlings by 10mm or 30 mm; the minimum length of the capturer is 150 mm; area of Bohai sea area is 77000km2；T0＝0.15，c＝13.41，t0＝25，θ＝0.1；
The initial biomass, the daily average growth rate and the dietary proportion of the main bait organisms are as follows: double-shell type: 7.4g/m20.02, 43.7%, crustaceans: 8.0g/m20.02, 25.9%, hirsutism: 4.5g/m2，0.02，16.0％；
The natural daily mortality rate M/365 of Chinese prawns is 0.00997, the daily fishing mortality rate F/365 is 0.0186, and the daily food intake QB is 0.068.
Model simulation and analysis
According to the method, 59 hundred million tails of 3cm young female shrimps and 65 hundred million tails of male shrimps are released separately by taking Bohai sea Chinese prawns as an example; releasing 3cm seedlings by 1:1 of male and female, and releasing about 62 hundred million seedlings (figure 1 and figure 2). The method is only a theoretical upper limit from the viewpoint of bait limitation, does not consider the interaction between the Chinese shrimps and food competitors and the like, and is higher in the growth rate of released populations when the maximum proliferation capacity value is halved according to the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) theory adopted in fishery production management.
The ecological capacity of the Bohai sea Chinese prawn evaluated by the method of the embodiment can be used for determining the optimal release amount of the proliferation release variety by inputting the required parameters into the model, operating different release prospects and analyzing the operation result aiming at different research sea areas. And combining the actual condition of the current Bohai sea Chinese prawn proliferation and release, the output result of the model is reasonable, and the current proliferation and release quantity does not exceed the maximum proliferation ecological capacity.
Claims (2)
1. A method for assessing proliferative ecological capacity based on bait demand, the method comprising:
(1) obtaining population growth parameters of the releasing species, wherein the population growth parameters comprise asymptotic body length, asymptotic body weight, a growth equation, natural mortality, catching mortality and daily average mortality; obtaining a habitat parameter, the habitat parameter comprising a habitat temperature;
relationship between body length and body weight:
Wt＝a·Lt b (1)
wherein Wt、LtThe weight and the length of the body are respectively t time, and a and b are constants;
body length age-related von Bertalanffy growth equation:
wherein L istIs body length at time t, L∞To asymptotic body length, t0Is Lt0cm theoretical age, K is a constant;
the natural mortality rate:
logM＝-0.2107-0.0824logW∞+0.6757logK+0.4627logTc (3)
wherein M is naturalMortality/year, W∞To approximate body weight, TcIs the average annual temperature of the habitat, and the unit ℃ and K are constants;
the instantaneous mortality rate was the average daily mortality rate:
wherein M is the natural mortality/year, F is the fishing mortality/year, F is 0 when the fish does not grow to the legal fishing length;
(2) obtaining ingestion parameters, wherein the ingestion parameters comprise tail fin area ratio of release species and ingestion type index; finally obtaining the daily food intake of each unit biomass of the releasing type;
daily food intake QB, g (g, d) per unit biomass of the Release species-1
Wherein W∞Asymptotic body weight; a is the profile ratio of the tail fin, which refers to the ratio of the square of the height of the tail fin to the area; ftIs a feeding type index, the carnivorous property is 0, the vegetarian and clastic properties are 1; t iscThe average annual temperature of the habitat in units;
(3) analyzing the feeding habits of the released species, identifying the type of the bait organisms, and calculating the contribution rate of the bait organisms to the food intake of the released species; obtaining parameters including the daily average production amount of the bait organisms n supporting the release type, the daily average food intake of the release type to the bait organisms and the daily average residual amount of the bait organisms;
the daily average production of the bait organism n-support releasing species:
Bt,n＝Gpt,n·SSn·A·Pen·tot·(1-e-θ·T) (6)
wherein Gp ist,nIndicating the average daily growth rate of the bait organisms, SSnRepresenting the initial resource amount of bait organismsA represents the area of the discharge region, PenRepresenting the contribution rate of the bait organisms n to the released species, tot representing the sum of the contribution rates of the bait organisms n to other species, the value is 1, theta is a constant, T is the temperature of the habitat,
temperature change over time: t ═ T0+c·(1-cos(2π(t-t0)/365)) (7)
Wherein, T0Is the assumed minimum temperature of growth, c is a constant, t0Age at which the species begin to grow for liberation, i.e. LtTheoretical age of 0 cm;
the daily average food intake of the released species to the bait organisms is C, g/d:
Cpt,n＝Wt·QB·Pt,n (8)
wherein, Pt,nRepresents the proportion of bait organisms n in the food composition of the releasing species, QB is the daily food intake per unit biomass of the releasing species, WtBody weight at time t; the C value changes with the growth and the feeding of the released species;
the daily average residual quantity of the bait organisms: dpt,n＝Bt,n-Cpt,n (9)
Wherein B ist,nDaily average production of released species for bait organisms n support Cmax,nThe maximum daily feeding pressure of the releasing species on the bait organisms is described, and only C when the C value is maximum for the first time is considered when calculating the maximum releasing quantitymax,nAt this time Dpt,nAnd tends to be 0, according to the formula (10),
Bt,n＝Cpt,n (10)
(4) collecting and utilizing the parameters, calculating the predation influence relation between the simulated releasing variety and the bait organisms, determining the proliferation ecological capacity of the releasing variety according to the maximum food intake provided by the bait organisms for the releasing variety, and estimating the reasonable releasing quantity;
according to the formulas (1), (2), (7) and (9), a series of linear simultaneous equations are obtained:
based on the potential maximum predation influence of the released species on the bait organisms, the habitat can support C according to the released speciesmax,nThe capacity of production is expressed by the formula (11), where t is tmax
Reasonable discharge amount during propagation discharge:
wherein M is natural mortality/year and F is fishing mortality/year.
2. A computational model formed according to the method of claim 1.
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