CN110470593A - For quickly measuring the experimental rig and method of structural plane model material friction coefficient - Google Patents
For quickly measuring the experimental rig and method of structural plane model material friction coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/02—Measuring coefficient of friction between materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses the experimental rig and method for quickly measuring structural plane model material friction coefficient, device includes pedestal, support plate, and support plate is connect by moveable hinge with pedestal, and support plate one end is equipped with fixed baffle；It further include angular transducer, test test block shearing slip monitoring system and dynamical system, angular transducer is fixed on the supporting plate, and test test block shearing slip monitoring system includes Magnetic gauge stand, amesdial, and amesdial contacts setting with disk in test test block.Method includes preparing test test block, and test test block is placed horizontally on horizontal supporting plate；Detection test test block upper end whether shearing slip；It measures horizontal supporting plate and rotates angle；Controlled level support plate is at the uniform velocity lifted；Carry out structural plane model material friction coefficient determination.The experimental rig of measurement structural plane model material friction coefficient disclosed in this invention has the characteristics that automation and quickly measurement, solves the problems, such as human factor influence in the prior art, improves test accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to structural plane model material friction coefficient determination fields, more specifically to for quickly measuring
The experimental rig and method of structural plane model material friction coefficient.
Background technique
Weak structural face in rock mass is the control selector for influencing the engineering stabilities such as dam, side slope, underground chamber, because
This, during with the stability of the above-mentioned engineering of geomechanical model test technique study, all kinds of main weak structural faces it is anti-
Shearing strength parameter (including coefficient of friction f ' and cohesive strength c ') is the emphasis of modeling.According to the model theory of similarity and similar
Relationship, it is desirable that former, model coefficient of friction f ' ratio Cf’With the ratio C of cohesive strengthc’Meet similarity relation respectively, it is general to require
Cf’=1, Cc’=Cσ=CE, i.e. the coefficient of friction in model structure face is identical as prototype, and the affinity constant of cohesive strength c ' is equal to stress σ
Affinity constant is also equal to the similar parameter of deformation modulus E.But it is extremely difficult for meeting above-mentioned requirements simultaneously, this is because
There should be extremely low cohesive strength according between similarity relation test test block, it is generally extremely difficult to accomplish.Therefore, it is tried in geomechanics model
In testing, often through generalization, the coefficient of friction of weak structural face is only simulated.Thus measurement weak structural face cast material friction system
Several tests just seems particularly important.
Currently, the test method of measurement weak structural face cast material coefficient of friction generally uses " angle variable plate shearing method ",
Angle variable plate shearing method is by the principle of Limit equilibrium analysis method, and by test test block, (generally 4 pieces of small blocks groups are combined into 20cm*
The square of 20cm) it is fixed on clamping plate, model configuration face lower wall rock mass, the laying structure face in test test block is needed according to test
Soft material or " temperature analogous material ", all kinds of film materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, paraffin paper tested needed for being then then covered with
Material, then take identical test test block be placed on thin-film material simulate disk rock mass on structural plane (disk sillar is gone up to be not fixed, can be with
It is free to slide), at this point, clamping plate horizontal sextant angle is 0 °.Finally, clamping plate horizontal sextant angle is gradually lifted by manpower, until upper lower burrs
Until shearing slip occurs for block, rotation angle at this time is measuredTo obtain f ' value (i.e.).If measured
F ' value is unsatisfactory for requirement of similarity, then needs to re-lay thin-film material, repeats above-mentioned test process, finally selectes different structures
Thin-skinned material and thin-film material, to simulate all kinds of weak structural faces.
The shortcoming that existing method is: (1) test apparatus simple and crude, and precision is poor；(2) clamping plate is generally plank, itself can be produced
Raw certain deformation, influences test result；(3) clamping plate is lifted by manpower, and there are man's activities；(4) angle is lifted in measurement
When, it is desirable that manpower handles that clamping plate is motionless, and tester is needed to have certain experience；(5) it observes by the naked eye to judge up and down
Whether disk block occurs shearing slip, and man's activity is larger.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide for quickly measuring structural plane model material
Expect the experimental rig and method of coefficient of friction.Realize measurement structural plane model material friction coefficient automate, quick.
To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that.
It is a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient, including pedestal and to place
The support plate of test block is tested, the support plate is connect by moveable hinge with pedestal, and support plate one end is equipped with to stop to test
The mobile fixed baffle of test block lower wall；
Further include angular transducer, test test block shearing slip monitoring system and is moved to be at the uniform velocity lifted support plate
Force system, the angular transducer is fixed on the supporting plate, and the test test block shearing slip monitoring system includes Magnetic gauge stand
And the amesdial on the Magnetic gauge stand is set, the Magnetic gauge stand is mounted on fixed baffle, the amesdial and examination
Test disk contact setting in test block.
Test principle one of the principle that the present invention uses for balance method of rigid-body limit, with existing " angle variable plate shearing method "
It causes, passes through the coefficient of friction of " angle variable plate shearing method " test measurement weak structural face.
Support plate is horizontal, and angle is 0 °.Meanwhile it is fixed on the supporting plate angular transducer (rotation angle indicator,
Included magnetic pole, can be directly anchored on supporting steel plate) reading be 0 °.
Magnetic gauge stand (can rotate together with support plate) is installed at fixed baffle, amesdial is installed on Magnetic gauge stand,
The sensing probe of amesdial is contacted with disk rock mass on structural plane, in support plate centered on moveable hinge slowly in rotary course, when
Small shearing slip occurs for disk rock mass on a certain moment structural plane, then the pointer of amesdial just can rotate, at this time angle sensor
The angle of device (rotation angle indicator) display is to rotate angleTo obtain f ' value (i.e.)。
Preferably, the test test block include on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom the thin-skinned material of disk rock mass, structure and
Film, structural plane lower wall rock mass.Test block will be tested, and (mountable 4~8 pieces of small blocks groups are combined into 400cm2~800cm2Square) it is solid
Determine on the supporting plate, model configuration face lower wall rock mass, the thin-skinned material of laying structure or " alternating temperature in test test block are needed according to test
Analog material ", all kinds of thin-film materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, paraffin paper tested needed for being then then covered with, then takes identical
Test test block be placed on thin-film material and simulate disk rock mass (upper disk sillar be not fixed, can be free to slide) on structural plane.
Preferably, the dynamical system selects hydraulic power system or pneumatic power system.
Preferably, the dynamical system includes counter-force pedestal, hydraulic jack, oil pipe, hydraulic press and computer, described anti-
Power pedestal is fixed on the base, and the both ends of the hydraulic jack are separately connected counter-force pedestal, support plate, and the hydraulic press passes through
Oil pipe is connect with hydraulic jack, and the hydraulic press and computer are electrically connected.The rotary power of the experimental rig is by automating
At the uniform velocity lifting dynamical system provides, which is made of hydraulic jack+oil pipe+hydraulic press+computer, can be with by computer
The rate of jack load, i.e. computer and hydraulic press connection are set, the loading speed of hydraulic press is controlled, hydraulic press control is very heavy
Push up loading speed；So that the purpose that whole system can achieve automation, at the uniform velocity be lifted.
Preferably, the pedestal, moveable hinge, support plate, fixed baffle are made by steel plate.It ensure that the rigidity of instrument.
It is a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient, include the following steps:
S1. prepare test test block, test test block is placed horizontally on horizontal supporting plate；
S2. detection test test block upper end whether shearing slip；
S3. measurement horizontal supporting plate rotates angle；
S4. controlled level support plate is at the uniform velocity lifted；
S5. structural plane model material friction coefficient determination is carried out；As horizontal supporting plate is at the uniform velocity lifted, detection test test block
Upper end starts the shearing slip moment, the angle of horizontal supporting plate rotation at this timeCorrespond to structural plane model material friction coefficient
F ' is (i.e.)。
Preferably, in the S1, test test block includes disk rock mass, structural plane on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom
Soft material and film, structural plane lower wall rock mass.
Preferably, in the S2, by contacting the probe of amesdial with disk rock mass on structural plane, come detection structure face
Upper disk rock mass starts shearing slip, and amesdial has initial reading.The effect of amesdial is that whether disk rock mass is sent out on detection structure face
Raw shearing slip feeds back to amesdial that is, by disk rock mass straight line minute movement on structural plane, realizes convenient on observation structure face
Whether disk rock mass has occurred shearing slip, therefore whether starts shearing slip for disk rock mass on accurate detection structure face, by amesdial
It is provided with initial reading.
Preferably, in the S3, angle, angular transducer are rotated using angular transducer the real time measure horizontal supporting plate
Initial reading be " 0 ".
Beneficial effect
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages that
(1) it is disclosed in this invention measurement structural plane model material friction coefficient experimental rig have automation and quickly
The characteristics of measurement, solves the problems, such as human factor influence in the prior art, improves test accuracy；
(2) rotation angle is tested by angular transducer (rotation angle indicator) in the present inventionTo obtain f '
Value, has the characteristics that fast and easy；
(3) on being judged in the present invention by amesdial+Magnetic gauge stand composition test test block shearing slip monitoring system
Whether lower wall block occurs shearing slip, and high sensitivity is easily operated, and reducing human factor influences.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is experimental rig structural schematic diagram a in the present invention；
Fig. 2 is experimental rig structural schematic diagram b in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description；Obviously, described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments, is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, 2, a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient, including pedestal
1 and the support plate 2 to place test test block, the support plate 2 connect with pedestal 1 by moveable hinge 3,2 one end of support plate
It is equipped with to stop to test the mobile fixed baffle 4 of test block lower wall；
Pedestal 1 mainly provides the effect of bracket, reaction of bearing pedestal 61, hydraulic jack 62, fixed baffle 4, support plate 2
And the weight of test test block, it is self-possessed most heavy, guarantees to keep stablizing during installation test block, rotation lifting etc., and provide
62 end reaction of hydraulic jack.
Moveable hinge 3 mainly guarantees that test block support platform centered on moveable hinge 3, carries out rotation lifting.
Support plate 2 mainly supports test test block, and can carry out rotation lifting around moveable hinge 3, its own should
With enough rigidity, guarantee that itself cannot be deformed, and influence test result, therefore, the support plate 2 (steel plate) general about 1
~2cm is thick, also should not be too thick, and otherwise its self weight is too big, will increase the load of lifting dynamical system.
Fixed baffle 4 is generally 2cm thickness, 3~5cm high, width wide (about 30cm as test test block support rotating platform
It is wide) steel plate, be welded on support plate 2 by 3 one end of moveable hinge, main function is exactly fixed structure face lower wall rock mass, makes structure
Face lower wall rock mass does not slide during supporting rotating platform lifting, and the upper disk rock mass of structural plane is not constrained then,
To realize the shearing slip test of structural plane upper lower burrs rock mass.
Further include angular transducer, test test block shearing slip monitoring system and support plate 2 to be at the uniform velocity lifted
Dynamical system, the angular transducer are fixed in support plate 2, and the test test block shearing slip monitoring system includes magnetic table
Seat and the amesdial being arranged on the Magnetic gauge stand, the Magnetic gauge stand are mounted on fixed baffle 44, the amesdial
Setting is contacted with disk in test test block, when testing disk movement in test block, can observe and obtain on amesdial.
Angular transducer (rotation angle indicator) has the features such as small and exquisite, to facilitate installation, read visualization, carries magnetic
Pole can be directly anchored on supporting steel plate, and when testing test block support rotating platform level, reading is 0 °, as support is revolved
Turn platform and slowly rotate lifting, reading and then changes, and the angle of real-time display rotation lifting, precision reaches 0.1 °, meets
The requirement of model test at present.Finally, test rotation angleTo obtain coefficient of friction f ' value (i.e.)。
Magnetic gauge stand is mounted at fixed baffle 4, can be rotated together with support plate 2, and installation amesdial is primarily served
Effect.
Amesdial is mounted on Magnetic gauge stand, and sensing probe is contacted with disk rock mass on structural plane, in support plate 2 with activity
Centered on hinge 3 slowly in rotary course, when small shearing slip occurs for disk rock mass on a certain moment structural plane, then amesdial
Pointer just can rotate, and primarily serve the effect of monitoring test test block shearing slip, and high sensitivity is easily operated, reduce people
For factor influence.
The test test block includes the thin-skinned material of disk rock mass 51, structure and film on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom
52, structural plane lower wall rock mass 53.
The dynamical system selects hydraulic power system or pneumatic power system.
The dynamical system includes counter-force pedestal 61, hydraulic jack 62, oil pipe, hydraulic press and computer, the counter-force
Pedestal 61 is fixed on pedestal 1, and the both ends of the hydraulic jack 62 are separately connected counter-force pedestal 61, support plate 2, the oil pressure
Machine is connect by oil pipe with hydraulic jack 62, and the hydraulic press and computer are electrically connected.
Counter-force pedestal 61 mainly provides the end reaction of jack, is typically welded to test test block support rotating platform bottom
On seat, medium position is leaned on, itself there are certain angle (about 30 °~45 ° of inclined-planes), jack can be allowed to provide one and be tilted towards
On power.
Hydraulic jack 62 mainly provides the power of experimental rig rotation lifting, guarantees that support platform being capable of uniform speed slow
Rotation lifting.
Oil pipe connects hydraulic jack 62 and hydraulic press, provides oil pressure for jack.
Hydraulic press is mainly that hydraulic jack 62 provides oil pressure.
Computer installs hydraulic press loading procedure, can set to it, the rate and every level-one that setting oil pressure loads
The step-length of load is loaded, and oil supply press assigns load instruction.
The pedestal 1, moveable hinge 33, support plate 2, fixed baffle 44 are made by steel plate, ensure that the rigidity of instrument.
It is a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient, include the following steps:
S1. prepare test test block, test test block is placed horizontally on horizontal supporting plate；
Testing test block includes the thin-skinned material of disk rock mass, structure and film, structural plane on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom
Lower wall rock mass, installation test test block, above and below required weak structural face geometric parameter to be simulated and geologic parameter and its
Lithology, the grade of disk rock mass prepare the thin-skinned material of corresponding structure, and compacting upper lower burrs model rock mass test block respectively, then will
(mountable 4~8 pieces of small blocks groups are combined into 400cm to dummy block2~800cm2Square) it is fixed on the supporting plate, model configuration
Face lower wall rock mass needs the thin-skinned material of laying structure or " temperature analogous material " on dummy block according to test, is then then covered with
All kinds of thin-film materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyethylene, the paraffin paper of required test, then take identical dummy block to be placed on film
Disk rock mass on structural plane is simulated on material (upper disk sillar is not fixed, can be free to slide).At this point, support plate 2 is horizontal, angle is
0°。
S2. on detection structure face disk rock mass whether shearing slip；
Installation test test block shearing slip monitors system, and installing Magnetic gauge stand at fixed baffle (can be together with support plate
Rotation), amesdial is installed on Magnetic gauge stand, the sensing probe of amesdial is contacted with disk rock mass on structural plane, and is had certain
Initial reading, when disk rock mass starts shearing slip on structural plane, amesdial reading changes.
S3. measurement horizontal supporting plate rotates angle；
Setting angle sensor, angular transducer (rotation angle indicator) is fixed on the supporting plate, included magnetic pole,
It can be directly anchored on supporting steel plate, initial reading is 0 °, can determine horizontal supporting plate rotation angle.
S4. controlled level support plate is at the uniform velocity lifted；
Installation automation is at the uniform velocity lifted dynamical system, and jack, oil pipe, hydraulic press and computer are connected, and
Computer carries out loading speed and loads the setting of step-length.
S5. structural plane model material friction coefficient determination is carried out；As horizontal supporting plate is at the uniform velocity lifted, detection test test block
Upper end starts the shearing slip moment, the angle of horizontal supporting plate rotation at this timeCorrespond to structural plane model material friction coefficient
f’。
Hydraulic press valve is opened, computer start button is clicked, the automation for carrying out test test block support plate is at the uniform velocity lifted, close
The reading for cutting concern amesdial, when small shearing slip occurs for disk rock mass on a certain moment structural plane, then the pointer of amesdial
It just can rotate, the angle of angular transducer (rotation angle indicator) real-time display is to rotate angle at this timeTo obtain
F ' value is (i.e.)。
The test of instrument through the invention, the rotation angle of the typical thin film of acquisitionAnd corresponding coefficient of friction f '
Value is as shown in table 1,
The rotation angle for the typical thin film that the test of table 1 obtainsWith answer coefficient of friction f ' value table
Table 1 also lists the value of the coefficient of friction measured with conventional method and the difference hundred of two methods test simultaneously
Divide ratio, for difference percentage for ± 4.00%, corresponding model test, which can satisfy test requirements document, illustrate the examination
Test the reliable test result of instrument.And test apparatus of the invention is with the obvious advantage, has application prospect.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to described herein
Form should not be regarded as an exclusion of other examples, and can be used for other combinations, modifications, and environments, and can be at this
In the text contemplated scope, modifications can be made through the above teachings or related fields of technology or knowledge.And those skilled in the art institute into
Capable modifications and changes do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, then all should be in the protection scope of appended claims of the present invention
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient, it is characterised in that: including pedestal with
And the support plate to place test test block, the support plate are connect by moveable hinge with pedestal, support plate one end, which is equipped with, to be used
With the fixed baffle for stopping test test block lower wall mobile；
It further include angular transducer, test test block shearing slip monitoring system and the dynamical system support plate to be at the uniform velocity lifted
System, the angular transducer is fixed on the supporting plate, the test test block shearing slip monitor system include Magnetic gauge stand and
Amesdial on the Magnetic gauge stand is set, and the Magnetic gauge stand is mounted on fixed baffle, and the amesdial and test try
Disk contact setting on block.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
Be characterized in that: the test test block includes the thin-skinned material of disk rock mass, structure and film, knot on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom
Structure face lower wall rock mass.
3. it is according to claim 1 a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
Be characterized in that: the dynamical system selects hydraulic power system or pneumatic power system.
4. it is according to claim 3 a kind of for quickly measuring the experimental rig of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
Be characterized in that: the dynamical system includes counter-force pedestal, hydraulic jack, oil pipe, hydraulic press and computer, the counter-force pedestal
Be fixed on the base, the both ends of the hydraulic jack are separately connected counter-force pedestal, support plate, the hydraulic press by oil pipe with
Hydraulic jack connection, the hydraulic press and computer are electrically connected.
5. according to any one of claim 1 to 4 a kind of for quickly measuring structural plane model material friction coefficient
Experimental rig, it is characterised in that: the pedestal, moveable hinge, support plate, fixed baffle are made by steel plate.
6. a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient, it is characterised in that: including walking as follows
It is rapid:
S1. prepare test test block, test test block is placed horizontally on horizontal supporting plate；
S2. detection test test block upper end whether shearing slip；
S3. measurement horizontal supporting plate rotates angle；
S4. controlled level support plate is at the uniform velocity lifted；
S5. structural plane model material friction coefficient determination is carried out；As horizontal supporting plate is at the uniform velocity lifted, detection test test block upper end
Start the shearing slip moment, the angle of horizontal supporting plate rotation at this timeTangent correspond to structural plane model material friction system
Number f '.
7. it is according to claim 6 a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
Be characterized in that: in the S1, test test block include on the structural plane set gradually from top to bottom the thin-skinned material of disk rock mass, structure and
Film, structural plane lower wall rock mass.
8. it is according to claim 7 a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
It is characterized in that: in the S2, by contacting the probe of amesdial with disk rock mass on structural plane, carrying out Pan Yan on detection structure face
Body starts shearing slip, and amesdial has initial reading.
9. it is according to claim 6 a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
It is characterized in that: in the S3, angle, the first reading of angular transducer being rotated using angular transducer the real time measure horizontal supporting plate
Number is " 0 ".
10. it is according to claim 6 a kind of for quickly measuring the test method of structural plane model material friction coefficient,
It is characterized in that: in the S5, the angle of horizontal supporting plate rotationTangent correspond to structural plane model material friction system
Number f ', i.e.,
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| CN111290455A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-06-16 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Preparation facilities of normal position metal two dimension antifriction film |
| CN111610144A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-01 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Gravity type structural stability test bottom friction coefficient calibration system |
| CN113567334A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-29 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Frictional resistance quantitative test method for pipe-rock contact surfaces with different roughness |
| WO2022200648A1 (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2022-09-29 | Universidad De Alicante | Automated and reinforced tilt test machine |
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