CN110470548B - Model ice bending strength measuring device and using method thereof - Google Patents

Model ice bending strength measuring device and using method thereof Download PDF

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CN110470548B
CN110470548B CN201910873758.9A CN201910873758A CN110470548B CN 110470548 B CN110470548 B CN 110470548B CN 201910873758 A CN201910873758 A CN 201910873758A CN 110470548 B CN110470548 B CN 110470548B
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model ice
rod
pressure
seat
ice
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CN110470548A (en
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李明政
田于逵
季少鹏
寇莹
国威
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702th Research Institute of CSIC
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/20—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady bending forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0023—Bending
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

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Abstract

The invention relates to a device for measuring the bending strength of model ice and a using method thereof, comprising a door-shaped frame, wherein the inner top surface of the door-shaped frame is vertically provided with an electric push rod downwards, the output end of the electric push rod is sequentially provided with a pressure sensor and a pressure rod seat, and a pressure rod is rotatably arranged on the pressure rod seat; a support rod is arranged on the ground right below the electric push rod, a cross beam perpendicular to the support rod is arranged at the top of the support rod, and model ice is placed on the cross beam through rollers at two ends; displacement sensors which are vertically upward are symmetrically arranged on the side surfaces of the supporting rods; the electric push rod drives the press rod to move downwards, two ends of the press rod are respectively contacted with the displacement sensor, the middle part of the press rod is contacted with and presses the model ice, the model ice is broken in the process that the press rod continues to move downwards, and the measured values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the process are obtained through an external computer, so that the bending strength and the elastic modulus of the model ice are calculated. The invention promotes the controllability and the adjustment of the bending strength of the model ice in an ice environment laboratory, and has the advantages of convenient operation, high measurement precision and high efficiency.

Description

Model ice bending strength measuring device and using method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of model ice strength measuring devices, in particular to a model ice bending strength measuring device and a using method thereof.
Background
In order to ensure that the ship sails safely and reliably in an actual ice region, scientific researchers usually perform a large amount of experimental research work on the ice breaking sailing performance of the ship by means of an ice environment simulation laboratory in the early stage, and obtain sailing performance parameters of the ship consistent with actual environmental conditions.
Before the ice environment simulation laboratory performs the ship ice breaking sailing performance test, the prepared ice layer must be sampled in the ice environment simulation laboratory. The bending strength of the model ice is an important physical parameter for carrying out an ice breaking sailing performance test of a ship in an ice environment simulation laboratory, and the bending strength of the model ice is measured to ensure that the simulated ice and the field ice meet certain similarity criteria, so that the accuracy of the ice environment simulation test is ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The applicant provides a model ice bending strength measuring device with a reasonable structure and a using method thereof aiming at the defects in the prior art, so that the bending strength measurement of the model ice is realized, the control and the adjustment of the bending strength of the ice sample in an ice environment laboratory are assisted, the operation is convenient, and the measurement is accurate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a device for measuring bending strength of model ice comprises a door-shaped frame arranged on the ground, wherein a first support is arranged on the inner top surface of the door-shaped frame, an electric push rod is vertically and downwards arranged on the first support, a pressure sensor is arranged at the output end of the electric push rod, a pressure rod seat is arranged at the bottom of the pressure sensor, and a pressure rod is rotatably arranged on the pressure rod seat;
a support rod is further arranged on the ground right below the electric push rod, a cross beam is arranged at the top of the support rod, and the cross beam is perpendicular to the pressure rod; the two ends of the top of the cross beam are respectively provided with a roller seat, the two roller seats are both provided with rollers, and the two rollers are jointly provided with model ice; the side surfaces of the supporting rods are symmetrically provided with displacement sensors which are vertically upward;
the end parts of the two ends of the pressing rod are respectively positioned above the tops of the two displacement sensors, and the middle part of the pressing rod is positioned above the model ice.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
supporting seats are symmetrically arranged on the lateral sides of the supporting rods outwards, a second support is upwards arranged at the end part of the single supporting seat, and a displacement sensor is arranged at the top of the second support through a clamping seat.
The structure of the clamping seat is as follows: the seat comprises a seat body with a U-shaped structure, wherein the inner bottom of the U-shaped seat body is provided with a through round hole, and two side walls of the seat body are provided with screw holes; the displacement sensor penetrates through the round hole to be installed and is fastened through a clamping screw in the screw hole; the through seat body is also provided with a mounting hole for fastening with the second bracket.
The section of each roller seat is of a reversed U-shaped structure, and the bottom of each roller seat is clamped on the cross beam and fixed through a fastener; the two ends of the top surface of the single roller seat are respectively provided with a roller supporting block, and the two roller supporting blocks are provided with rollers together through bearings; and a bearing end cover is also arranged at the end part of the roller supporting block positioned outside the bearing.
A plurality of spaced holes are symmetrically formed in two end portions of the cross beam, and the fastening piece fixes the roller seat through one hole.
The pressure bar seat is of an inverted U-shaped structure, the pressure bar is embedded at the bottom of the pressure bar seat, and the pressure bar seat are connected through a rotating shaft and swing relatively.
The bottom of the pressure lever is of an arc-shaped structure, and the pressure lever is in line contact with the model ice.
The displacement sensor is an LVDT sensor, and a probe at the top of the displacement sensor is higher than the upper surface of the model ice.
The use method of the model ice bending strength measuring device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: placing the model ice on a roller; adjusting the top heights of the displacement sensors on the two sides to be consistent;
the second step is that: the electric push rod works to push the pressure sensor to move downwards, and then the pressure rod seat drives the pressure rod to move downwards; two ends of the pressure lever are respectively contacted with the two displacement sensors, and the pressure lever continues to move downwards until the bottom surface of the pressure lever is contacted with the model ice; collecting the measured values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor at the moment through an external computer;
the third step: the pressure rod continues to descend under the driving of the electric push rod until the pressure rod breaks the model ice, and the measured values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the process are collected in real time through an external computer;
the fourth step: and obtaining the measured values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor before the model ice is broken by the real-time measurement in the third step, and further obtaining the maximum pressure value and the maximum deformation value born by the model ice before the model ice is broken, wherein the maximum deformation value is the average value of the measured values of the two displacement sensors.
And calculating the bending strength of the model ice according to the maximum pressure value born by the model ice in the fourth step, wherein the bending strength is as follows:
Figure BDA0002203648450000021
wherein: sigma is the bending strength of the model ice; p ismaxThe maximum pressure before the model ice breaks; l is the length of model ice between two rollers(ii) a B is the width of the model ice; h is the thickness of the model ice;
and calculating the elastic modulus of the model ice according to the maximum deformation value of the model ice in the fourth step, wherein the elastic modulus is as follows:
Figure BDA0002203648450000031
wherein: e is the elastic modulus of the model ice; δ is the maximum deformation value of the model ice.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention has compact and reasonable structure and convenient operation, the electric push rod drives the press rod to move downwards, the two ends of the bottom surface of the press rod are respectively contacted with the displacement sensor, the middle part of the bottom surface is contacted with and presses the model ice, the model ice is broken in the process of continuing to move downwards of the press rod, the measured values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in the process are obtained through the external computer, so that the maximum pressure value and the maximum deformation value born by the model ice before breaking are obtained, the bending strength and the elastic modulus of the model ice are further calculated, the quantitative test and the analysis of the bending strength of the model ice are realized, the control and the adjustment of the bending strength of the ice layer in an ice environment simulation laboratory are greatly assisted, the measuring operation is simple and convenient, the measuring precision and the testing efficiency are high, the comprehensiveness and the economical efficiency are good,
the clamping seat is used for adjusting the installation height of the displacement sensor, so that when the measuring device is used, a probe at the top of the displacement sensor is slightly higher than the upper surface of model ice, and the height adjustment enables the measuring device to be suitable for measuring model ice with various thicknesses;
the pressure lever is connected with the pressure lever seat through a rotating shaft, and the pressure lever swings relative to the pressure lever seat by taking the rotating shaft as a center;
a plurality of holes are symmetrically formed in two end parts of the cross beam, the fastening piece fixes the roller seat through one hole, and the design of the plurality of holes realizes the adjustment of the roller seat relative to the installation position of the cross beam, so that the distance between the two rollers is adjusted, and the device is suitable for the measurement of model ice with various lengths;
the bearing end cover is used for preventing the axial movement of the bearing and the roller;
the bottom of the pressure lever is of an arc-shaped structure, and the pressure lever is in line contact with the model ice, so that the stress of the model ice is stable and reliable when the pressure lever applies force to the model ice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partially enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of fig. 2 (partially in section along B-B in fig. 1).
Fig. 4 is a partial method diagram of the portion C in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the clamping block of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a gantry frame; 2. an electric push rod; 3. a first bracket; 4. a pressure sensor; 5. a pressure bar base; 6. a pressure lever; 7. a rotating shaft; 8. model ice; 9. a strut; 10. a cross beam; 11. a roller seat; 12. a roller; 13. a supporting seat; 14. a second bracket; 15. a clamping seat; 16. a displacement sensor; 17. a fastener; 18. a roller supporting block; 19. a bearing; 20. a bearing end cap; 151. a seat body; 152. a circular hole; 153. screw holes; 154. and (7) installing holes.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring bending strength of model ice in the embodiment includes a door-shaped frame 1 installed on the ground, a first support 3 is installed on the inner top surface of the door-shaped frame 1, an electric push rod 2 is vertically and downwardly installed on the first support 3, a pressure sensor 4 is installed at the output end of the electric push rod 2, a pressure rod seat 5 is installed at the bottom of the pressure sensor 4, and a pressure rod 6 is rotatably installed on the pressure rod seat 5;
as shown in fig. 3, a support rod 9 is further installed on the ground right below the electric push rod 2, a cross beam 10 is installed at the top of the support rod 9, and the cross beam 10 is perpendicular to the pressure rod 6; roller seats 11 are respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the cross beam 10, rollers 12 are respectively arranged on the two roller seats 11, and model ice 8 is jointly placed on the two rollers 12; displacement sensors 16 which are vertically upward are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the supporting rod 9;
the end parts of the two ends of the pressure lever 6 are respectively positioned above the tops of the two displacement sensors 16, and the middle part of the pressure lever 6 is positioned above the model ice 8.
The supporting seats 13 are symmetrically arranged on the lateral surface of the supporting rod 9 outwards, the end part of each supporting seat 13 is upwards provided with a second bracket 14, and the top of the second bracket 14 is provided with a displacement sensor 16 through a clamping seat 15.
As shown in fig. 5, the clamping seat 15 has the following structure: the seat comprises a seat body 151 with a U-shaped structure, wherein a through round hole 152 is formed at the inner bottom of the U-shaped seat body 151, and screw holes 153 are formed in two side walls of the seat body 151; the displacement sensor 16 penetrates through the round hole 152 and is fastened through a clamping screw in the screw hole 153; the penetrating seat body 151 is also provided with a mounting hole 154 for fastening with the second bracket 14.
The clamping seat 15 is used for adjusting the installation height of the displacement sensor 16, so that when the measuring device is used, a probe at the top of the displacement sensor 16 is slightly higher than the upper surface of the model ice 8, and the height adjustment enables the measuring device to be suitable for measuring model ice 8 with various thicknesses.
As shown in fig. 4, the section of a single roller seat 11 is in a n-shaped structure, and the bottom of the roller seat 11 is clamped on the cross beam 10 and fixed by a fastener 17; the two ends of the top surface of the single roller seat 11 are respectively provided with a roller supporting block 18, and the two roller supporting blocks 18 are provided with rollers 12 together through a bearing 19; the end part of the roller supporting block 18 positioned outside the bearing 19 is also provided with a bearing end cover 20; the bearing end caps 20 serve to prevent axial play of the bearings 19 and rollers 12.
A plurality of spaced holes are symmetrically formed at two ends of the cross beam 10, and a fastener 17 is used for fixing the roller seat 11 through one hole, as shown in fig. 1; the design of a plurality of holes realizes the adjustment of the installation position of the roller seat 11 relative to the cross beam 10, and further adjusts the distance between the two rollers 12 so as to be suitable for the measurement of model ice 8 with various lengths.
As shown in fig. 2, the pressure lever base 5 is an inverted U-shaped structure, the pressure lever 6 is embedded at the bottom of the pressure lever base 5, the pressure lever 6 and the pressure lever base 5 are connected through a rotating shaft 7 and swing relatively, and the pressure lever 6 swings relative to the pressure lever base 5 with the rotating shaft 7 as a center.
The bottom of the pressure lever 6 is of an arc-shaped structure, and the pressure lever 6 is in line contact with the model ice 8, so that when the pressure lever 6 applies force to the model ice 8, the stress of the model ice 8 is stable and reliable.
The displacement sensor 16 is an LVDT sensor, and a probe at the top of the displacement sensor 16 is higher than the upper surface of the model ice 8; LVDT is an abbreviation of linear variable differential transformer, belonging to the linear displacement transducer.
The electric push rod 2 is also called a linear driver, and is a novel linear actuating mechanism mainly composed of a motor, a push rod, a control device and other mechanisms, wherein the rotary motion of the motor is changed into linear motion, and the push rod action is completed by utilizing the positive and negative rotation of the motor.
The use method of the model ice bending strength measuring device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: placing the model ice 8 on the roller 12; adjusting the top heights of the displacement sensors 16 on the two sides to be consistent;
the second step is that: the electric push rod 2 works to push the pressure sensor 4 to move downwards, and then the pressure rod seat 5 drives the pressure rod 6 to move downwards; two ends of the bottom surface of the pressure lever 6 are respectively contacted with the two displacement sensors 16, and the pressure lever 6 continues to move downwards until the middle part of the bottom surface of the pressure lever is contacted with the model ice 8; collecting the measured values of the pressure sensor 4 and the displacement sensor 16 at the moment through an external computer;
the third step: the pressure lever 6 continues to move downwards under the driving of the electric push rod 2 until the pressure lever 6 breaks the model ice 8, and the measured values of the pressure sensor 4 and the displacement sensor 16 in the process are collected in real time through an external computer;
the fourth step: and obtaining the measured values of the pressure sensor 4 and the displacement sensor 16 before the model ice 8 is broken through the real-time measurement in the third step, and further obtaining the maximum pressure value and the maximum deformation value born by the model ice 8 before the model ice 8 is broken, wherein the maximum deformation value is the average value of the measured values of the two displacement sensors 16.
And calculating the bending strength of the model ice 8 according to the maximum pressure value born by the model ice 8 in the fourth step, as follows:
Figure BDA0002203648450000051
wherein: sigma is the bending strength of the model ice 8, Mpa; pmaxIs the maximum pressure before the model ice 8 breaksN; l is the length of the model ice 8 between the two rollers 12, mm, namely the dimension along the length direction of the beam 10 and between the two rollers 12, namely the distance between the two rollers 12; b is the width of the model ice 8, mm, i.e. the dimension in the axial direction of the roller 12; h is the thickness of the model ice 8 in mm;
calculating the elastic modulus of the model ice 8 according to the maximum deformation value of the model ice 8 in the fourth step, as follows:
Figure BDA0002203648450000061
wherein: e is the elastic modulus of the model ice 8, Mpa; δ is the maximum deformation value of the model ice 8, mm, which is the mean of the two displacement sensor 16 measurements.
In this embodiment, the sizes of the model ice 8 are: the width is 60mm, the thickness is 30mm, and the length between the two rollers 12 is 240 mm; in many tests, the maximum pressure measured by the pressure sensor 4, the maximum deformation measured by the displacement sensor 16, and the corresponding flexural strength and elastic modulus of the model ice 8 are as follows:
serial number Measuring the maximum pressure N Maximum deflection mm Bending Strength Kpa Modulus of elasticity Mpa
1 10 0.65 66.66 32.83
2 9.3 0.92 62.0 21.56
3 8.5 0.85 56.7 21.33
4 11.7 0.73 78 34.19
Thereby obtaining the bending strength value and the elastic modulus value of the model ice 8 in the current measurement.
The invention realizes the quantitative measurement of the bending strength of the model ice, greatly assists in the control and adjustment of the bending strength of the ice sample in an ice environment laboratory, and has accurate measurement.
The above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims, and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (6)

1. A model ice bending strength measuring device is characterized in that: the device comprises a door-shaped frame (1) arranged on the ground, wherein a first support (3) is arranged on the inner top surface of the door-shaped frame (1), an electric push rod (2) is vertically and downwards arranged on the first support (3), a pressure sensor (4) is arranged at the output end of the electric push rod (2), a pressure rod seat (5) is arranged at the bottom of the pressure sensor (4), and a pressure rod (6) is rotatably arranged on the pressure rod seat (5);
a support rod (9) is further mounted on the ground right below the electric push rod (2), a cross beam (10) is mounted at the top of the support rod (9), and the cross beam (10) is perpendicular to the pressure rod (6); roller seats (11) are respectively installed at two ends of the top of the cross beam (10), rollers (12) are installed on the two roller seats (11), and model ice (8) is placed on the two rollers (12) together; displacement sensors (16) which are vertically upward are symmetrically arranged on the side surface of the supporting rod (9);
the end parts of the two ends of the pressure rod (6) are respectively positioned above the tops of the two displacement sensors (16), and the middle part of the pressure rod (6) is positioned above the model ice (8);
the bottom of the pressure lever (6) is of an arc-shaped structure, and the pressure lever (6) is in line contact with the model ice (8);
the supporting seats (13) are symmetrically arranged on the lateral side of the supporting rod (9) outwards, a second support (14) is arranged at the end part of the single supporting seat (13) upwards, and a displacement sensor (16) is arranged at the top of the second support (14) through a clamping seat (15);
the cross section of each roller seat (11) is in an n-shaped structure, and the bottom of each roller seat (11) is clamped on the cross beam (10) and fixed through a fastener (17); two ends of the top surface of the single roller seat (11) are respectively provided with roller supporting blocks (18), and the two roller supporting blocks (18) are provided with rollers (12) together through bearings (19); a bearing end cover (20) is also arranged at the end part of the roller supporting block (18) positioned at the outer side of the bearing (19);
the pressing rod seat (5) is of an inverted U-shaped structure, the pressing rod (6) is embedded at the bottom of the pressing rod seat (5), and the pressing rod (6) and the pressing rod seat (5) are connected through a rotating shaft (7) and swing relatively.
2. The model ice bending strength measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the structure of the clamping seat (15) is as follows: the seat comprises a seat body (151) with a U-shaped structure, wherein a through round hole (152) is formed in the inner bottom of the U-shaped seat body (151), and screw holes (153) are formed in two side walls of the seat body (151); the displacement sensor (16) penetrates through the round hole (152) to be installed and is fastened through a clamping screw in the screw hole (153); the penetrating seat body (151) is also provided with a mounting hole (154) for fastening with the second bracket (14).
3. The model ice bending strength measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of spaced holes are symmetrically formed at two ends of the cross beam (10), and the fastening piece (17) fixes the roller seat (11) through one hole.
4. The model ice bending strength measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the displacement sensor (16) is an LVDT sensor, and a probe at the top of the displacement sensor (16) is higher than the upper surface of the model ice (8).
5. A method of using the model ice bending strength measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: placing the model ice (8) on a roller (12); the heights of the tops of the displacement sensors (16) on the two sides are adjusted to be consistent;
the second step is that: the electric push rod (2) works to push the pressure sensor (4) to move downwards, and then the pressure rod seat (5) drives the pressure rod (6) to move downwards; two ends of the pressure lever (6) are respectively contacted with the two displacement sensors (16), and the pressure lever (6) continues to descend until the bottom surface of the pressure lever is contacted with the model ice (8); the measured values of the pressure sensor (4) and the displacement sensor (16) at the moment are collected through an external computer;
the third step: the pressure lever (6) continues to move downwards under the driving of the electric push rod (2) until the model ice (8) is broken by the pressure lever (6), and the measured values of the pressure sensor (4) and the displacement sensor (16) in the process are collected in real time through an external computer;
the fourth step: and obtaining the measured values of the pressure sensor (4) and the displacement sensor (16) before the model ice (8) breaks by real-time measurement in the third step, and further obtaining the maximum pressure value and the maximum deformation value born by the model ice (8) before the model ice breaks, wherein the maximum deformation value is the average value of the measured values of the two displacement sensors (16).
6. The method of using the model ice bending strength measuring device according to claim 5, wherein: and calculating the bending strength of the model ice (8) according to the maximum pressure value born by the model ice (8) in the fourth step, wherein the bending strength is as follows:
Figure FDA0003577744270000021
wherein: sigma is the bending strength of the model ice (8); pmaxThe maximum pressure before the model ice (8) is broken; l is the length of the model ice (8) between the two rollers (12); b is the width of the model ice (8); h is the thickness of the model ice (8);
calculating the elastic modulus of the model ice (8) according to the maximum deformation value of the model ice (8) in the fourth step, as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
wherein: e is the modulus of elasticity of the model ice (8); delta is the maximum deformation value of the model ice (8).
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