CN110470143B - Method for building kiln ball top by adopting standard refractory bricks - Google Patents
Method for building kiln ball top by adopting standard refractory bricks Download PDFInfo
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- CN110470143B CN110470143B CN201910661514.4A CN201910661514A CN110470143B CN 110470143 B CN110470143 B CN 110470143B CN 201910661514 A CN201910661514 A CN 201910661514A CN 110470143 B CN110470143 B CN 110470143B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/04—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs characterised by the form, e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used
- F27D1/045—Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
- F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Retaining Walls (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of building of a furnace kiln ball top of an industrial furnace, in particular to a method for building the furnace kiln ball top by adopting standard refractory bricks. The method specifically comprises the following steps: 1) building the bottom round surface of the ball top, 2) erecting a ball top coupon, 3) paying off the ball top coupon, and 4) building the ball top coupon. The invention realizes the building of the ball top coupon brick by using the standard refractory brick, saves the maintenance investment in the maintenance process of the industrial furnace, does not need to customize the ball top combined brick, shortens the maintenance period, and has long production service life of the ball top built by the method, which can be more than 8 years generally.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building of a furnace kiln ball top of an industrial furnace, in particular to a method for building the furnace kiln ball top by adopting standard refractory bricks.
Background
The industrial furnace is a main device for separating the components of the pyrite and the pyrite-zincium ore powder in the metallurgical engineering. The furnace body consists of a roasting chamber and a hearth, the roasting chamber is a part which is in contact with air and has a turnover reaction, and the hearth mainly has the function of high-pressure air supply from a blast cap at the lower part. The ball top masonry is a key and difficult point in the whole fluidized bed furnace masonry, and is also the most difficult masonry process in the industrial furnace masonry field at present, and the masonry quality determines the service life of the furnace body.
In the existing industrial furnace masonry engineering, the ball top (segment) masonry is usually built by using combined bricks which are special-shaped bricks, so that the production period is long, the manufacturing cost is high, the combined bricks need to be customized and produced with refractory material manufacturers in advance, and the maintenance and the repair of the industrial furnace are inconvenient. Therefore, a method for building the ball top by using standard refractory bricks is needed to fill up the blank in the maintenance and repair technology of the industrial furnace.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for building a furnace kiln ball top by adopting standard refractory bricks. The standard refractory bricks are used for building the spherical roof, so that the combined bricks are not required to be customized, the construction cost is reduced, and the maintenance and the repair of the industrial furnace are facilitated.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for building a kiln dome by using standard refractory bricks comprises the following steps:
1) bottom round surface of masonry ball top
The method comprises the following steps that (1) a trapezoidal brick is used as a bottom round surface of a ball top for arch foot brick laying, the length of an inclined surface of the trapezoidal brick is equal to that of an inclined surface rectangular brick, the trapezoidal brick is laid into a round base, and the inclined surface rectangular brick is used as a brick for laying the ball top surface;
2) ball top coupon formwork
Firstly, fixing a mould, wherein the mould is umbrella-shaped, and the bottom of the mould is fixedly supported by a scaffold; a plurality of arc-shaped plates are uniformly distributed on the circumference, one end of each arc-shaped plate is lapped on a mould, and the other end of each arc-shaped plate is propped against the trapezoidal brick; the arc-shaped plate is supported and fixed by the batten support legs; after the clamping fixture is fixed with the arc-shaped plates, the wood lath is used for connecting the gap between each arc-shaped plate to form the spherical surface of the hemispherical coupon clamping fixture;
3) ball top coupon payoff
Equally dividing the bottom circular surface of the hemisphere into 4 parts, wherein 4 vertexes are A, B, C, D respectively, and the circle center is O; first, find the longest arc corresponding to the diameter of the bottom circular surface
Perpendicular to each other, using ink fountain to shoot a line on the wood tread to find out a circle center O point, measuring the arc length 1300mm from the circle center O to obtain an E point, and measuring the arc length from the E point
Measuring the arc length of 1300mm to obtain a G point
By the same way, obtain
1300 to 534+383+383, 383 to 75+1.6+75+1.6+75+1.6, the width of the bottom opening of the bevel rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 383 area is built by 5 rings of bevel rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.6 mm; 534 is approximately equal to 75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined plane rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 534 area is built by 7 rings of inclined plane rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.3 mm;
dividing a region at intervals of 385 in the direction of an arch support brick by taking DE as a reference, dividing 6 regions, wherein the angle 1, the angle 2, the angle 3, the angle 4 and the angle 5 projected on a wood tread are all larger than 90 degrees, the angle 1> 2> angle 3> angle 4> angle 5, and the angle DEG is a right angle; 385, 75+2+75+2+75+2+75+2+75+2, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 385 area is built by 5 rings of inclined rectangular bricks, and the brick joints are 2 mm; the construction method comprises the steps that firstly, construction is started from a region of < 1, bricks are processed while being constructed in the region, the width of an upper opening and a lower opening of the bricks is measured by an inner gauge, construction of an AOEG region is started after the construction of the region of < 1 is half, and the construction sequence of a DEG region is construction in the direction of < 1 to < 5; the pay-off methods of the regions DEG, DEJ, CFI and CFH are the same;
4) ball top coupon masonry
The ball top is built by adopting inclined rectangular bricks, the DEG region and the AOEG region are built simultaneously, each region is operated by at least 1 bricklayer, other quadrants are built according to the method, and the four quadrants are built synchronously to ensure that the position of a door closing position is unchanged, and at least 8 bricklayers are required to operate simultaneously;
the method for reserving the locking bricks comprises the following steps: when the brick row is reserved, the brick row is lifted by 40-70 mm during building, wood blocks with the thickness of 40-70 mm are padded at the bottom, after the ball top brick is built, battens are used for padding the bricks, and the bricks are knocked to sink by 40-70 mm;
the masonry operation method comprises the following steps: when in building, the bricks in each area are always parallel to the control line and are vertical to the spherical surface, if errors exist, the adjustment is needed in time, the mortar joints in each area are determined by the principle that the lower opening of each brick needs to be reserved according to the designed mortar joints, the mortar is scraped for building during building, and a mortar opening can be slightly added at the upper opening according to the requirement so as to keep the bricks built according to the control line and vertical to the spherical surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention realizes the building of the ball top coupon brick by using the standard refractory brick, saves the maintenance investment in the maintenance process of the industrial furnace, does not need to customize the ball top combined brick, shortens the maintenance period, and has long production service life of the ball top built by the method, which can be more than 8 years generally.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the inventive fixture;
FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a trapezoidal tile structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a ladder brick construction of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view of the construction of the beveled rectangular tile of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the beveled rectangular tile construction of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the payoff masonry of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-trapezoidal brick 2-arc plate 3-mould
Detailed Description
The following further illustrates embodiments of the invention, but is not intended to limit the scope thereof:
the implementation method comprises the following steps:
taking a segment with the diameter of 5000mm and the diameter of 6000mm on the bottom circular surface as an example, the method for building the furnace top by adopting the standard refractory bricks comprises the following steps:
1) bottom round surface of masonry ball top
As shown in fig. 2-5, the standard brick trapezoidal brick 1 and the inclined plane rectangular brick are adopted, the trapezoidal brick 1 and the inclined plane rectangular brick are standard parts, a combined brick does not need to be customized, the construction cost is low, and a manufacturer does not need to wait for manufacturing a specific combined brick, so that the construction period is shortened.
The bottom round surface of a spherical top (spherical segment) is built by taking the trapezoidal bricks 1 as arch foot bricks, the length of the inclined plane of the trapezoidal bricks 1 is equal to that of the inclined plane rectangular bricks, the trapezoidal bricks 1 are built into a round base, the bricks can be processed when a door is closed, and each brick is larger than the whole brick 2/3. The inclined rectangular brick is used as a building brick for the top surface of the ball. After the bricks 1 are built, the furnace shell is tightly supported by the bricks which are fixedly supported, so that the furnace shell is a bearing point of the spherical top coupon bricks.
2) Supporting a ball top coupon:
and after the trapezoidal bricks 1 are built with the circumferential arch springing bricks, the formwork is started to be erected. As shown in figure 1, firstly, a mould 3 is fixed, the mould 3 is a wood disc with the diameter of 1400mm and the bottom of 25mm, the chord length of the wood disc is 700mm, the arc plates with the radius of 5000mm are evenly distributed on the wood disc, the mould 3 is an umbrella-shaped mould, and the bottom of the wood disc is supported by a scaffold.
The radius of the arc-shaped plate 2 is 5000mm, the chord length is 2500mm, 48 pieces are uniformly distributed, one side of the arc-shaped plate is lapped on the mould 3, the other side of the arc-shaped plate is propped against the trapezoidal brick 1, the mould 3 is fixedly supported by a scaffold, and the arc-shaped plate 2 is fixed by 2 annular wood legs.
After the clamping fixture 3 is fixed to the arc-shaped plates 2, the gaps between the arc-shaped plates 2 are connected by wood laths with the thickness of 25mm and the width of 45mm to form the spherical surface of the hemispherical coupon tyre, as shown in fig. 1.
3) Ball top coupon payoff
As shown in fig. 6, ABCDO is a hemispherical top view, ABCD is a bottom circular surface of a segment, the diameter is 6000mm, the marked dimensions in the figure are arc lengths on a spherical surface, a 2m long steel plate ruler is adopted to be tightly attached to a wooden tire for measurement during actual paying-off, the 2m long flexible steel plate ruler is required to be used in the step, a measuring tape cannot be used, or the error is too large, so that the building cannot be carried out.
First, find the longest arc corresponding to the diameter of the bottom circular surface
Perpendicular to each other, using ink fountain to shoot a line on the wood tread to find out a circle center O point, measuring the arc length 1300mm from the circle center O to obtain an E point, and measuring the arc length from the E point
Measuring the arc length of 1300mm to obtain a G point
The EJ is obtained by the same method,
1300 +383+383, 383+ 75+1.6+75+1.6+75+1.6+75+1.6+75+1.6, the region is built by the bevel rectangular bricks in the figures 4 and 5, the bottom opening width of the bevel rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 383 region is built by 5 rings of bevel rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.6 mm. 534 is approximately equal to 75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined plane rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 534 area is built by 7 rings of inclined plane rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.3 mm.
The DEG region is used as an example for explanation, and the DEJ, CFI and CFH pay-off methods are the same.
Dividing one region at intervals of 385 in the direction of the arch springing brick by taking DE as an aim, and dividing 6 regions according to actual conditions, wherein the region of the angle 1 can not be too large or too small. The angle projected onto the wood tire surface is greater than 90 DEG and is < 1> < 2> < 3> < 4> < 5, and the angle DEG is a right angle. 385 is 75+2+75+2+75+2+75+2, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 385 area is built by 5 rings of inclined rectangular bricks, and the brick joints are 2 mm. The construction is started from a region of < 1, bricks are processed while being constructed in the region, the width of an upper opening and a lower opening of the bricks with the inner gauge is used, the construction of an AOEG region is started after the construction of the region of < 1 is completed by half, and the construction sequence of the DEG region is the sequential construction of the direction of < 1 to the direction of < 5.
4) Ball top coupon masonry
The DEG region and the AOEG region are built simultaneously and operated by one bricklayer respectively, other quadrants are built according to the method, and the four quadrants are built synchronously to ensure that the positions of the closing positions are unchanged, and 8 bricklayers are required to operate simultaneously. The method for reserving the locking bricks comprises the following steps: the brick locking position is reserved according to the figure 6, when the brick row is reserved, the brick row is lifted by 60mm when being built, a wood block with the thickness of 60mm is padded at the bottom, after the ball top brick is built, a wood block is used for padding the brick, and the brick is knocked to sink by 60 mm.
The masonry operation method comprises the following steps: the principle of the method is that the polygon is similar to a circular arc, so that the slight error needs to be digested and absorbed by the masonry mortar joint. When in building, the bricks in each area are always parallel to the control line and are vertical to the spherical surface, if errors exist, the adjustment is needed in time, the mortar joints in each area are determined by the principle that the lower opening of each brick needs to be reserved according to the designed mortar joints, the mortar is scraped for building during building, and a mortar opening can be slightly added at the upper opening according to the requirement so as to keep the bricks built according to the control line and vertical to the spherical surface. As shown in figure 6, when the door is closed, if the width of the closed door is larger than the thickness of the brick, the row of bricks can be rotated by 90 degrees, and the brick masonry is processed by measuring the edge of the inner caliper.
The invention realizes the building of the ball top coupon brick by using the standard refractory brick, saves the maintenance investment in the maintenance process of the industrial furnace, does not need to customize the ball top combined brick, shortens the maintenance period, and has long production service life of the ball top built by the method, which can be more than 8 years generally.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for building a kiln dome by using standard refractory bricks is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) bottom round surface of masonry ball top
The method comprises the following steps that (1) a trapezoidal brick is used as a bottom round surface of a ball top for arch foot brick laying, the length of an inclined surface of the trapezoidal brick is equal to that of an inclined surface rectangular brick, the trapezoidal brick is laid into a round base, and the inclined surface rectangular brick is used as a brick for laying the ball top surface;
2) ball top coupon formwork
Firstly, fixing a mould, wherein the mould is umbrella-shaped, and the bottom of the mould is fixedly supported by a scaffold; a plurality of arc-shaped plates are uniformly distributed on the circumference, one end of each arc-shaped plate is lapped on a mould, and the other end of each arc-shaped plate is propped against the trapezoidal brick; the arc-shaped plate is supported and fixed by the batten support legs; after the clamping fixture is fixed with the arc-shaped plates, the wood lath is used for connecting the gap between each arc-shaped plate to form the spherical surface of the hemispherical coupon clamping fixture;
3) ball top coupon payoff
Equally dividing the bottom circular surface of the hemisphere into 4 parts, wherein 4 vertexes are A, B, C, D respectively, and the circle center is O; first, find the longest arc corresponding to the diameter of the bottom circular surface
Perpendicular to each other, using ink fountain to shoot a line on the wood tread to find out a circle center O point, measuring the arc length 1300mm from the circle center O to obtain an E point, and measuring the arc length from the E point
Measuring the arc length of 1300mm to obtain a G point
By the same way, obtain
1300 to 534+383+383, 383 to 75+1.6+75+1.6+75+1.6, the width of the bottom opening of the bevel rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 383 area is built by 5 rings of bevel rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.6 mm; 534 is approximately equal to 75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3+75+1.3, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined plane rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 534 area is built by 7 rings of inclined plane rectangular bricks, and the brick joint is 1.3 mm;
dividing a region at intervals of 385 in the direction of an arch support brick by taking DE as a reference, dividing 6 regions, wherein the angle 1, the angle 2, the angle 3, the angle 4 and the angle 5 projected on a wood tread are all larger than 90 degrees, the angle 1> 2> angle 3> angle 4> angle 5, and the angle DEG is a right angle; 385, 75+2+75+2+75+2+75+2+75+2, the width of the bottom opening of the inclined rectangular brick is 75mm, then the 385 area is built by 5 rings of inclined rectangular bricks, and the brick joints are 2 mm; the construction method comprises the steps that firstly, construction is started from a region of < 1, bricks are processed while being constructed in the region, the width of an upper opening and a lower opening of the bricks is measured by an inner gauge, construction of an AOEG region is started after the construction of the region of < 1 is half, and the construction sequence of a DEG region is construction in the direction of < 1 to < 5; the pay-off methods of the regions DEG, DEJ, CFI and CFH are the same;
4) ball top coupon masonry
The ball top is built by adopting inclined rectangular bricks, the DEG region and the AOEG region are built simultaneously, each region is operated by at least 1 bricklayer, other quadrants are built according to the method, and the four quadrants are built synchronously to ensure that the position of a door closing position is unchanged, and at least 8 bricklayers are required to operate simultaneously;
the method for reserving the locking bricks comprises the following steps: when the brick row is reserved, the brick row is lifted by 40-70 mm during building, wood blocks with the thickness of 40-70 mm are padded at the bottom, after the ball top brick is built, battens are used for padding the bricks, and the bricks are knocked to sink by 40-70 mm;
the masonry operation method comprises the following steps: when in building, the bricks in each area are always parallel to the control line and are vertical to the spherical surface, if errors exist, the adjustment is needed in time, the mortar joints in each area are determined by the principle that the lower opening of each brick needs to be reserved according to the designed mortar joints, the mortar is scraped for building during building, and a mortar opening can be slightly added at the upper opening according to the requirement so as to keep the bricks built according to the control line and vertical to the spherical surface.
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