CN110466779A - A kind of ice crystal detector - Google Patents
A kind of ice crystal detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN110466779A CN110466779A CN201910768703.1A CN201910768703A CN110466779A CN 110466779 A CN110466779 A CN 110466779A CN 201910768703 A CN201910768703 A CN 201910768703A CN 110466779 A CN110466779 A CN 110466779A
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- Prior art keywords
- ice crystal
- icing
- straight pipe
- crystal detector
- detector according
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D15/00—De-icing or preventing icing on exterior surfaces of aircraft
- B64D15/20—Means for detecting icing or initiating de-icing
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ice crystal detectors.There is ice crystal detector ice crystal to collect probe, the sensing device being arranged on the inner wall of ice crystal collection probe and control device.Ice crystal collects probe by import straight pipe, outlet straight pipe and converging transition between the two.Ice crystal collects sonde configuration simply and can effectively collect ice crystal and freeze to freeze with super-cooling waterdrop.By means of pressure sensor and/or photoelectric sensor, ice crystal, which collects detector, can easily obtain ice-formation condition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to airplane sounding equipment, more particularly to a kind of ice crystal detector, whether there is in the air for detecting
Ice crystal icing conditions.
Background technique
The ice-formation condition that aircraft suffers from the sky includes 25 appendix C routine super-cooling waterdrop knots of seaworthiness clause 14CFR
Big water droplet ice-formation condition (50 μm of 500 μ of < drop diameter < are subcooled in ice condition (drop diameter≤50um), 25 annex O of 14CFR
M, referred to as freezing drizzle；Drop diameter >=500 μm, referred to as sleet) and 33 Appendix D ice crystal icing conditions of 14CFR.The present invention
Big water droplet is subcooled in above-mentioned appendix C routine super-cooling waterdrop and annex O and is referred to as super-cooling waterdrop.In ice-formation condition, contain simultaneously
Super-cooling waterdrop and ice crystal icing conditions, referred to as mixed state ice-formation condition.
Icing detection can enter ice-formation condition in early detection to aircraft, issue icing warning information, prompt pilot
Corresponding actions are taken in time, are a corrective measures for ensureing flight safety.
Super-cooling waterdrop will lead to aircraft aerodynamic surface (leading edge of a wing, nacelle leading edge etc.) icing, and aircraft is caused to grasp steady quality
Degrade, flying quality loss and Flight Safety Margin decline.
Ice crystal icing conditions are present in the peripheral region of high-altitude Convective Storms, and cannot be by the meteorological radar sounding of aircraft
It arrives.When aircraft enters ice crystal icing conditions, ice crystal is repelled in the airframe and engine surface of low temperature not will cause body
It freezes, but ice crystal is able to enter engine interior, with the rising of temperature, melts on compressor blade and generates icing, lead
The blade tip warpage and tearing of blade are caused, and then motor power is caused to lose, the accidents such as surge, stall, flame-out occur；And ice
Crystalline substance may block Pitot tube and total temperature probe probe, cause height and temperature data abnormal, jeopardize flight safety.
The ice-formation condition for experience of flying, about 99% is conventional super-cooling waterdrop ice-formation condition, and aircraft is usually mounted with icing and visits
Survey device.Big water droplet, ice crystal and mixed state ice-formation condition about 1% is subcooled, but the big water droplet of subcooled water and ice crystal icing conditions are in recent years
Result in several air crash accidents, gradually aiMonhiness authority caused to pay close attention to, issued successively 25 annex O of 14CFR be subcooled big water droplets and
33 Appendix D ice crystal icing conditions legal regulations of 14CFR, for improving flight safety measure.But currently, not there is subcooled water also
The case of drop, ice crystal icing conditions or mixed state ice-formation condition detection device practical application in aircraft.
Document US 7,104,502 discloses a kind of icing detector with cylindrical type magnetostriction probe.Work as subcooled water
Drop strikes on probe, as icing quality increases the decline of probe vibration frequency, issues icing signal after being reduced to threshold value.Such
The icing detector of type, ice crystal can rebound after bumping against cylinder, can not effectively detect ice crystal icing conditions.
Document US 7,014,357 discloses a kind of ice formation condition detector.It is passed in probe by two dry and wet platinum resistance temperatures
Sensor constitutes an electric bridge, and super-cooling waterdrop concentration different voltages difference is different, and voltage change to threshold value issues icing signal.For this
Detector in document, since ice crystal passes through sensor with high-speed flow, without freezing on temperature sensor, therefore can not
Detect ice crystal icing conditions.
Similar with US 7,104,502, document EP1533228 equally has magnetostriction probe, by support construction
One groove of upper increase, bottom portion of groove integrate vibrating diaphragm.Since the shallow grooves in the document are located at air-flow rise surface, ice crystal
It rebounds in groove, which cannot effectively detect ice crystal icing conditions.
Document US 7,845,221 discloses a kind of ice crystal detection device, is made of two conical tubes arranged side by side, one
The constant heating of a conical tube 1, a conical tube 2 do not heat, and two pressure sensors measure the calculation of pressure pressure difference of the two respectively,
Ice crystal strikes conical tube 2 and blocks conical tube, and pressure difference changes to threshold value, issues alarm.It is disadvantageous in that, a conical tube perseverance
Fixed heating, electric power consumption are big.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned deficiency of the ice crystal detector of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind can at least replace
For the ice crystal detector of above-mentioned all kinds of detectors, in addition, ice crystal panel detector structure form of the invention is simple, and high reliablity.
The purpose is realized by a kind of ice crystal detector according to the present invention.The ice crystal detector includes that ice crystal collects spy
Head, the sensing device being arranged on the inner wall of the ice crystal collection probe and control device.Wherein, the ice crystal collects probe packet
It includes import straight pipe, outlet straight pipe and the connection import straight pipe and the outlet straight pipe and cross section is gradually reduced
Converging transition.The diameter of the import straight pipe is greater than the diameter of the outlet straight pipe.Wherein, sensing device is pressure-sensing
Device is able to detect the pressure change that ice crystal collects import and/or the outlet of probe, and sends the pressure signal of detection.Control
Device processed receives the detection signal from the sensing device, and ice crystal is issued when pressure change rate is greater than predetermined threshold and is frozen and is believed
Number.
Preferably, the pressure sensor is at least set to the import straight pipe and the outlet straight pipe.
In one embodiment, which can be the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of ice crystal collection probe
Change rate, when the pressure difference change rate is greater than the first predetermined threshold, the ice crystal detector issues ice crystal icing signal；Another
In embodiment, the pressure change rate that ice crystal collects the entrance of probe can be, the ice crystal collects the entrance of probe
Pressure change rate when being greater than the second predetermined threshold, the ice crystal detector issues ice crystal icing signal.
In ice crystal detector according to the present invention, ice crystal collects the import straight pipe of probe and outlet straight pipe can be right
Air-flow starts rectified action, and the reducing pipe being disposed there between has a swabbing action to air-flow, a large amount of ice crystals can swimmingly into
Enter converging transition.As ice crystal collects the diminution of probe internal cross section, the ice crystal accumulation being collected into can be blocked in the bottom of converging transition
Portion.Thus bring influence is that the pressure P1 of inducer can rapidly increase.Further, it is to be appreciated that collect probe not by
In the case that ice crystal blocks, ice crystal collects pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of probe and flying speed, collects probe inlet and outlet
Between area ratio at set functional relation, after probe is blocked by ice crystal, the static pressure P1 of inducer can be increased dramatically, as a result,
The change rate that ice crystal collects the pressure difference (P1-P2) between probe import and export also can change dramatically.It pops one's head in only being collected by ice crystal
Entrance pressure change rate to determine whether freeze compare, pass through ice crystal collect probe import and export between pressure difference become
Rate is accidentally sent out ice crystal icing caused by capable of significantly reducing due to external parameter variation when such as aircraft accelerates, climbs or decline and is accused
Alert probability.
Alternatively, the light variation that ice crystal icing conditions can also collect in probe by sensing ice crystal, which is given, to be confirmed.
Specifically, in one embodiment, the sensing device replaces with the first photoelectric sensor, is set to closing on for converging transition
One end of the outlet straight pipe, first photoelectric sensor form the first optical path, when first optical path is cut off, institute
It states control device and issues ice crystal icing signal.
Probe is collected based on above-mentioned ice crystal, in the case where it is collected into ice crystal, ice crystal can be gathered and is blocked in tapered
The bottom of section, the first optical path is cut off at this time, thus the first photoelectric sensor issues corresponding detection signal to control device, by
Control device issues ice crystal icing signal.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the ice crystal detector further include the first icing bar, and described first
The axis that the axis of icing bar and the ice crystal collect probe is substantially parallel, and the first end of the first icing bar is positioned at described
Import straight pipe, the second end opposite with the first end at least extend to the converging transition.
In above scheme, the first icing bar of setting is particularly suitable for the embodiment equipped with the first photoelectric sensor
In.After being provided with the first icing bar, the meeting part of converging transition end makes the effective of itself occupied by the first icing bar
Area reduces, and thereby increases the area ratio that ice crystal collects the inlet and outlet of probe, this will be more favorable for the collection of ice crystal, block up
Fill in converging transition end.
In order to avoid having blocked the first optical path of part because of the first icing bar, reduce the luminous flux of the first optical path sensor,
Preferably, the first icing bar is equipped with the through-hole passed through for the first optical path.
Preferably, the first icing bar substantially cone or cylindrical body.When the first icing bar substantially circular cone
When body, the bottom surface of the cone is located at the converging transition；When the first icing bar is generally cylindrical body, the cylindrical body
It is spheric end positioned at the front end of the import straight pipe, and the diameter of the spheric end is greater than the main part of the cylindrical body
Diameter.
Cylindrical body, cone shape the first icing bar be axially symmetric structure, the first icing bar of such setting can make
Flow field keeps stablizing and along axial uniformly distributed.Super-cooling waterdrop enters probe with air-flow, rectifies in straight pipe, strikes the first icing bar
Front end freezes, and cuts off optical path or significantly lowers luminous flux, then issues icing signal.It freezes particularly with the first of cone configuration
For bar, collect the axis direction of probe along ice crystal, the first icing bar and ice crystal collect the gap between probe inner surface by
Decrescence small, this would be even more beneficial to ice crystal aggregation.
The leading portion of first icing bar is located in import straight pipe to (i.e. the first icing bar is not from the prominent ice crystal of import straight pipe
Collect except probe) after, therefore the first icing bar its rectified action that will not destroy import straight pipe, this will be conducive to ice crystal
And/or super-cooling waterdrop enters in probe.Preferably, the input end of the first end of the first icing bar and the import straight pipe
The distance between D2 can be set as: 2R≤D2≤4R, wherein R be the cone basal diameter or the spheric end diameter.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the first icing bar further include at least one set of second photoelectric sensing
Device, the distance between described first end of the second optical path and the first icing bar that second photoelectric sensor is formed D1
Are as follows: 0.3mm≤D1≤0.5mm, when the luminous flux of second optical path reduces or is cut-off, the control device was issued
Cold water drips icing signal.
Second photoelectric sensor of the form is while the precision of super-cooling waterdrop icing signal can be measured by meeting, also
It can be avoided because of dust, the contamination of the impurity such as grease triggers false alarm on icing bar surface.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, one end that the first icing bar is located at the import straight pipe are set
There is the first through hole for being approximately perpendicular to the axis.The ice crystal detector further includes at least one set of third photoelectric sensor, and
The third optical path that the third photoelectric sensor is formed can pass through the first through hole.When the luminous flux of the third optical path subtracts
When less or cut-off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop icing signal.Preferably, first through hole and the spheric end are wrong
The rear end of position setting namely first through hole setting and spheric end.
It being found according to experimental study, the first icing bar with spherical end is conducive to improve super-cooling waterdrop collection rate, and
Guarantee ice crystal splashes after hitting not to be freezed.And when super-cooling waterdrop is relatively large in diameter, such as be greater than 100 μm when, be subcooled big water droplet fly
It splashes and is crushed and will freeze at spherical end rear portion.As a result, by leading in the rear portion of spherical end setting first through hole, and with first
The corresponding third photoelectric sensor in hole, the ice crystal detector of the application are particularly suitable for super-cooling waterdrop icing item under this condition
Part.And the first through hole being arranged there is another advantage in that, first through hole can play the role of boundary layer separations, advantageous
Freeze here in big water droplet is subcooled, and then cut off optical path, guarantees that ice crystal detector issues icing signal.
The present invention also provides another form of icing bars.The icing bar (the second icing bar) is fixed on the import straight tube
On the periphery wall of section.And axially opposing two end of the second icing bar has for reducing turbulent flow and is Transparent Parts
Rectifier cell.The 4th light of the 4th optical path can be formed on the surface of the second icing bar by having inside the rectifier cell
Electric transducer.When the luminous flux of the 4th optical path reduces or is cut-off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop and freezes
Signal.Preferably, the main part of the second icing bar is cylindrical body.
Second icing bar of cylindrical configuration is axially symmetric structure, and the second icing bar of such setting can be such that flow field keeps
Stablize and along reduce axially uniformly distributed and significant because the yaw angle of aircraft and due to angle of attack change to the icing performance of the second icing bar
Caused by influence.The receiving end of 4th photoelectric sensor and transmitting terminal pass through the transparent cavity of rectifier cell along cylindrical outer surface
Optical path is formed, when surface freezes, cutting optical path, ice crystal detector issues super-cooling waterdrop icing signal.
Preferably, one layer or more can be arbitrarily selected at the outlet straight pipe, the import straight pipe and the converging transition to set
There is heating element.The temperature of region is preferably heated to slightly above zero degree by heating element, it is further preferable that being heated to 1-2
DEG C, it is possible thereby to avoid under certain special states, super-cooling waterdrop is straight because effect of aerodynamic force etc. may directly impinge outlet
Pipeline section freezes, and triggers the mistake alarm of ice crystal signal.Surface keeps 1-2 DEG C of temperature, it is ensured that and super-cooling waterdrop will not freeze,
And with air-flow fly out ice crystal collect probe.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the ice crystal detector further include being located in the import straight pipe
Third icing bar and the 5th photoelectric sensor, the axis of the axis of the third icing bar and the import straight pipe substantially hangs down
Directly, and the 5th optical path that is formed of the 5th photoelectric sensor is located at the front of the third icing bar.When the 5th optical path
Luminous flux reduce or when the 5th optical path is cut off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop icing signal.Preferably, third
Icing bar is substantially in cylindrical body, is reduced with this and is caused because of the yaw angle of aircraft and angle of attack change to the icing performance of third ice bar
Influence.
It is similar to the design of above-mentioned second icing bar, cylindrical outer surface shape of the 5th photoelectric sensor in third icing bar
At optical path, when third icing bar surface freezes, cutting optical path issues icing signal.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the taper angle theta of the converging transition are as follows: 60 °≤θ≤120 °.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the taper angle theta are 90 °.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the diameter of the diameter and exit of the entrance of the converging transition
Ratio r are as follows: 1/3≤r≤2/3.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio r are 1/2.
It is collected and is popped one's head according to the ice crystal of the above form, in the case where not being collected into icing, hindered with the smallest air-flow
Power.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the pressure change control device includes database, the data
Library stores the first predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold under each flying speed.
For various sizes of ice crystal collects probe, under normal flight, ice crystal is collected between the inlet and outlet of probe
Pressure difference change rate and the pressure change rate of import have corresponding functional relation between air speed, this can pass through mould
The modes such as quasi- test or emulation obtain.It according to the function, can get under each air speed, aircraft does not meet with the pressure of ice crystal condition
The power change rate upper limit (the first predetermined threshold) and the pressure difference change rate upper limit (the second predetermined threshold).It is more than on respective in each parameter
In limited time, that is, aircraft encounter ice crystal icing conditions are indicated.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, control device include database, and the database purchase first is pre-
Determine threshold value and the second predetermined threshold, first predetermined threshold and second predetermined threshold with the aircraft angle of attack, yaw angle and
Temperature, flying speed have functional relation.
In practice, the different aircraft angles of attack, yaw angle and at a temperature of, even if not blocking, same flight speed
Ice crystal under degree collects the pressure difference change rate between the inlet and outlet of probe and the pressure change rate of import and can also change, because
This, in order to avoid above-mentioned factor impacts ice crystal detection accuracy, it is preferable that control device is attacked using acquired aircraft
Angle, yaw angle and temperature information are modified the first predetermined threshold, the second predetermined threshold under each flying speed.Amendment side
Formula can be obtained by modes such as simulation test or emulation.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, the cross section that the ice crystal collects probe is round or ellipse.
Ice crystal detector according to the present invention is collected probe with ice crystal, is arranged on the inner wall of ice crystal collection probe
Sensing device and control device.Ice crystal collects probe by import straight pipe, outlet straight pipe and converging transition between the two.
Ice crystal collects sonde configuration simply and can effectively collect ice crystal and freeze to freeze with super-cooling waterdrop.By means of pressure sensor and/
Or photoelectric sensor, ice crystal, which collects detector, can easily obtain ice-formation condition.
Detailed description of the invention
Above-mentioned and other purposes, feature, advantage and function for a better understanding of the present invention, can be with reference to institute in attached drawing
The preferred embodiment shown.Identical appended drawing reference refers to identical component in attached drawing.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that attached
Figure is intended to schematically illustrate the preferred embodiment of the present invention, does not have an any restrictions effect to the scope of the present invention, each in figure
A component is not necessarily drawn to scale.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the ice crystal detector of preferred first embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the schematic cross-section that a kind of ice crystal collection probe is shown along the direction A-A of Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 A is the schematic cross-section for showing another ice crystal along the direction A-A of Fig. 1 and collecting probe；
Fig. 3 B shows the schematic cross-section that probe is collected along the ice crystal in the direction B-B of Fig. 3 A；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the ice crystal detector of preferred second embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic cross-section that the ice crystal of Fig. 4 collects the longitudinal center plane of probe；
Fig. 6 A-6D shows the structural schematic diagram of various rectifier cells according to the present invention；
Fig. 7 A-7C shows the structural schematic diagram of the various rectifier cells of the overlook direction along 6A-6D；
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-section for showing another ice crystal along the direction A-A of Fig. 1 and collecting probe.
Specific embodiment
Referring next to attached drawing detailed description of the present invention inventive concept.As described herein is only according to the present invention
Preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art can expect can be realized the present invention on the basis of preferred embodiment
Other modes, the other modes equally fall into the scope of the present invention.In specific descriptions below, such as "upper", "lower"
The term of isotropy, the direction with reference to described in attached drawing use.The component of the embodiment of the present invention can be placed in a variety of differences
Direction, the term of directionality is for illustrative purposes and not restrictive.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of ice crystal detector 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1,
There is the ice crystal detector 100 being disposed on the starting surface of aircraft ice crystal to collect probe 110 and control device 130.
Preferably, ice crystal collects the top that probe 110 is fixed on control device 130 by support rod 120, with prominent simultaneously from aircraft skin
Ice crystal, super-cooling waterdrop are collected, while avoiding controller exposed.Support rod 120 is preferably cylindrical configuration etc., can be reduced with this
Difference collecting effect caused by due to aircraft flies under different flying drilling angles.
Fig. 2 shows the partial section views (namely a part in longitudinal center section) along the direction A-A of Fig. 1, wherein A-
The section in the direction A passes through the central axes that ice crystal collects probe 110.As shown in Fig. 2, ice crystal, which collects probe 110, has import straight tube
Section 1, outlet straight pipe 3 and connection import straight pipe 1 and outlet straight pipe 3 and the diminishing converging transition 2 in cross section.Its
In, the diameter of import straight pipe 1 is greater than the diameter of outlet straight pipe 3, is positioned in the windward side of aircraft flight.
The import straight pipe 1 of ice crystal detector 100 and outlet straight pipe 3 are respectively equipped with first pressure sensor 111, the
Two pressure sensors 112 are equipped with the first photoelectric sensor 113 in 2 end of converging transition (one end for straight pipe 3 of being close to the exit).Respectively
Pressure sensor, photoelectric sensor can be communicated to connect by the control device 130 of any wired or wireless mode and lower section.
In a kind of ice crystal detection method, control device 130 obtains import straight pipe 1 by first pressure sensor 111
Pressure change rate in unit time Δ t.In the case where the pressure change rate is more than the first predetermined threshold, ice crystal detector
100 issue ice crystal icing signal.
In another ice crystal detection method, control device 130 passes through first pressure sensor 111, second pressure respectively
Sensor 112 obtains import straight pipe 1 and exports the pressure difference change rate between straight pipe 3 in unit time Δ t.In the pressure difference
In the case that change rate is more than the second predetermined threshold, ice crystal detector 100 issues ice crystal icing signal.Aircraft is accelerated, is climbed
The pressure that liter or the process of decline itself will lead to import straight pipe 1 changes and the pressure change rate is thus caused to become
Change, or even pressure change rate is caused to be more than the first predetermined threshold and false alarm occur, it is compared to the above, by detecting pressure difference
The method of change rate can greatly reduce the probability of above-mentioned false alarm.
In the third ice crystal detection method, control device 130 passes through the first of detection the first photoelectric sensor 113 formation
Whether optical path is blocked or whether the luminous flux of the first optical path is reduced to determine whether there are ice crystal icing conditions.
Fig. 3 shows the cross section structure that the ice crystal equipped with the first icing bar 140 collects probe 110.Wherein, the screenshot of Fig. 3
Screenshot direction of the direction with Fig. 2.As shown in figure 3, in a preferred embodiment, ice crystal, which is collected, has additional the in probe 110
One icing bar 140.First icing bar 140 cylindrical body substantially shown in Fig. 3 or unshowned cone configuration.First freezes
The front end of bar 140 is located in import straight pipe 1, and rear end is located in converging transition 2.Preferably, the front end of the first icing bar and import
The distance between input end of straight pipe D2 are as follows: 2R≤D2≤4R, wherein R be cone basal diameter or spheric end it is straight
Diameter；The rear end of first icing bar 140 is substantially flushed with the rear end of converging transition 2.
The axis of first icing bar 140 be preferably set as with ice crystal collect probe 110 axis it is parallel, it is highly preferred that
The axis of the two is overlapped, and thus can reduce turbulent flow caused by due to unsymmetric structure.
When the first icing bar 140 is generally cylindrical body, the front end that cylindrical body is located at import straight pipe 1 is spheric end,
And the diameter of spheric end is greater than the diameter of the main part of cylindrical body.
Referring to Fig. 3 and combine Fig. 4, wherein Fig. 4 is the sectional view along the direction B-B of Fig. 3.It is set close to the position of spheric end
There is a first through hole 141.The second photoelectric sensor 115 and third photoelectric sensor are respectively equipped on first icing bar 140
114.Wherein, the distance D1 for the second optical path distance spheric end that the second photoelectric sensor 115 is formed is 0.3-0.5mm；Third light
The third optical path that electric transducer 114 is formed passes through first through hole 141.After super-cooling waterdrop hits spheric end, second can be cut off
Thus optical path or the luminous flux for reducing by the second optical path, ice crystal detector 100 issue super-cooling waterdrop icing signal.And third photoelectric transfer
Sensor 114, which is set, is adapted to detect for the super-cooling waterdrop with greater than 100 μ m diameters.
Be provided with the first icing bar 140 after, it is preferable that offered on the first icing bar 140 worn for the first optical path penetrate and
The second through-hole 142 crossed, in the case, the first optical path, the first icing bar 140 respective center line be located substantially at it is same flat
Face.
In order to reduce gas-flow resistance, it is preferable that the taper angle theta that ice crystal collects the converging transition 2 of probe 110 is set as: 60 °≤θ
≤ 120 °, it is highly preferred that taper angle theta is 90 °.The ratio r of the diameter of the diameter and exit of the entrance of the converging transition 2 is preferred
Ground is set as: 1/3≤r≤2/3, it is highly preferred that ratio r is set as 1/2.
In order to avoid super-cooling waterdrop freezes because effect of aerodynamic force etc. may directly impinge outlet straight pipe 3, and trigger
The mistake of ice crystal signal alerts, and one layer or more can be arbitrarily selected at outlet straight pipe 3, import straight pipe 1 and converging transition 2 equipped with heating unit
Part.The inner surface that ice crystal collects probe 110 is preferably heated to 1-2 DEG C by heating element.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 4 shows another ice crystal detector 100 according to the present invention.Wherein, the ice crystal of the embodiment, which is collected, visits
First 110 embodiment 1 it is identical, details are not described herein.And ice crystal collects each pressure biography inside probe 110 in embodiment 1
The implementation is also arranged in the property of can choose in sensor 111,112, photoelectric sensor 113,114,115 and the first icing bar 140
In mode, also repeat no more herein.Illustrate difference in present embodiment below.
As shown in figure 4, the periphery wall of import straight pipe 1 is equipped with the second icing bar 150.The both ends of second icing bar 150
Equipped with the transparent rectifier cell 151 as shown in Fig. 6 A-6D, 7A-7C.Second icing bar 150 is preferably cylindrical configuration.Rectification member
The 4th photoelectric sensor is equipped in part 151A, 151B, 151C or 151D.Circle of 4th photoelectric sensor in the second icing bar 150
The 4th optical path is formed on column surface.After the periphery of the second icing bar 150 freezes, ice can weaken or cut off the 4th optical path,
Thus ice crystal detector 100 issues icing signal.
It should be noted that the rectifier cell 151 of the application is not intended to the element of AC rectification direct current.Below in conjunction with
Fig. 6 A-6D, 7A-7C illustrate the rectifier cell 151 of the application.As shown in Fig. 6 A-6D, 7A-7C, wherein Fig. 7 A-7C is Fig. 6 A-
The 151 outer profile figure of rectifier cell of the overlook direction of 6D, the rectifier cell 151 of Fig. 6 A-6D can be set into Fig. 7 A-7C's
The construction of round A, ellipse B and any outer profile in oblong C.The outer ring surface of 151 horizontal direction of rectifier cell has
Thus good linear flow structure reduces super-cooling waterdrop and freezes probability on the surface thereof, avoids the other forms of rectifier cell 151
Construction influence the 4th photoelectric sensor sensitivity and precision；And the generally planar construction in top of rectifier cell 151, thus
Icing is easily broken under Aerodynamic force action, this is conducive to the top cleaning for keeping the second icing bar 150, reduces its resistance.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 8 shows the third ice crystal detector 100 according to the present invention.Wherein, the ice crystal of the embodiment, which is collected, visits
First 110 is identical as embodiment 1, and details are not described herein.And ice crystal collects each pressure inside probe 110 in embodiment 1
Sensor 111,112, photoelectric sensor 113,114,115 and the first icing bar 140, the second icing bar 150 also can choose
It is arranged in this embodiment to property, also repeats no more herein.Illustrate difference in present embodiment below.
As shown in figure 8, ice crystal detector 100 has the third icing bar 160 and the 5th photoelectric sensing in import straight pipe 1
Device 116.Wherein, the axis of third icing bar 160 is substantially vertical with the axis of import straight pipe 1.5th photoelectric sensor, 116 shape
At the 5th optical path be located at the front of third icing bar 160.When the luminous flux reduction of the 5th optical path or the 5th optical path are cut off
When, control device 130 issues super-cooling waterdrop icing signal.
Preferably, third icing bar 160 is substantially in cylindrical body, and it is right because of the yaw angle of aircraft and angle of attack change to be reduced with this
It is influenced caused by the icing performance of third ice bar.
It is equipped in the embodiment of the first icing bar 140 and third icing bar 160 at the same time, the first icing bar 140 and the
Three icing bars 160 can be configured to T-shaped icing bar.
According to above each embodiment, when ice crystal detector 100 is detected simultaneously by ice crystal signal and super-cooling waterdrop icing letter
Number when, ice crystal detector 100 issue mixed state freeze signal.
After detecting ice condition, control device 130 control each heating element heats respectively position with deicing.In this phase
In, super-cooling waterdrop icing signal and ice crystal icing signal are suppressed.
Heating time is preferably configured to 15-30s.
Protection scope of the present invention is only defined by the claims.Have benefited from the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art hold
Easily recognizing can be using the alternative structure of presently disclosed structure as feasible alternate embodiments, and can be by institute of the present invention
Disclosed embodiment is combined to generate new embodiment, they equally fall within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (21)
1. a kind of ice crystal detector, is arranged in the aerodynamic surface of aircraft, which is characterized in that the ice crystal detector includes:
Ice crystal collects probe, and it includes that import straight pipe, outlet straight pipe and the connection import are straight that the ice crystal, which collects probe,
The diameter of pipeline section and the diminishing converging transition of the outlet straight pipe and cross section, the import straight pipe is greater than the outlet
The diameter of straight pipe；With
Sensing device on the inner wall of the ice crystal collection probe is set, and the sensing device is pressure sensor, can
The pressure change that ice crystal collects import and/or the outlet of probe is detected, and sends the pressure signal of detection；
Control device receives the detection signal from the sensing device, issues ice when pressure change rate is greater than predetermined threshold
Brilliant icing signal.
2. ice crystal detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sensing device is the first photoelectric sensor,
Its one end for closing on the outlet straight pipe for being set to converging transition, first photoelectric sensor form the first optical path, work as institute
When stating the first optical path and being cut off, the control device issues ice crystal icing signal.
3. ice crystal detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure sensor be at least set to it is described into
Mouth straight pipe and the outlet straight pipe.
4. ice crystal detector according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the ice crystal detector further includes the first knot
Ice bar, the axis that axis and the ice crystal of the first icing bar collect probe is substantially parallel, and the first icing bar
First end is located at the import straight pipe, and the second end opposite with the first end at least extends to the converging transition.
5. ice crystal detector according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the first icing bar substantially cone or circle
Cylinder, and
When the first icing bar substantially cone, the bottom surface of the cone is located at the converging transition；
When the first icing bar is generally cylindrical body, the cylindrical body is located at the front end of the import straight pipe for spherical shape
End, and the diameter of the spheric end is greater than the diameter of the main part of the cylindrical body.
6. ice crystal detector according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the first icing bar further includes at least one set of the
Two photoelectric sensors, between the second optical path of the second photoelectric sensor formation and the first end of the first icing bar
Distance D1 are as follows: 0.3mm≤D1≤0.5mm,
Wherein, when the luminous flux of second optical path reduces or is cut-off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop and freezes
Signal.
7. ice crystal detector according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the first end of the first icing bar and institute
State the distance between the input end of import straight pipe D2 are as follows: 2R≤D2≤4R, wherein R be the cone basal diameter or
The diameter of the spheric end.
8. ice crystal detector according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that the first icing bar is located at the import
One end of straight pipe is equipped with the first through hole for being approximately perpendicular to the axis, and the ice crystal detector further includes at least one set of third
Photoelectric sensor, and the third optical path that the third photoelectric sensor is formed can pass through the first through hole,
Wherein, when the luminous flux of the third optical path reduces or is cut-off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop and freezes
Signal.
9. ice crystal detector according to claim 8, which is characterized in that when the first icing bar is cylindrical body, institute
First through hole is stated to shift to install with the spheric end.
10. ice crystal detector according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the ice crystal detector further includes the second knot
Ice bar, the second icing bar are fixed on the periphery wall of the import straight pipe, and the second icing bar is axially opposing
Two ends have for reducing turbulent flow and be Transparent Parts rectifier cells, having inside the rectifier cell can be described
The surface of second icing bar forms the 4th photoelectric sensor of the 4th optical path,
Wherein, when the luminous flux of the 4th optical path reduces or is cut-off, the control device issues super-cooling waterdrop and freezes
Signal.
11. ice crystal detector according to claim 10, which is characterized in that the main part of the second icing bar is circle
Cylinder.
12. ice crystal detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the outlet straight pipe, import straight pipe or gradually
Contracting section is equipped with heating element.
13. ice crystal detector according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the ice crystal detector further includes being located at institute
State the third icing bar and the 5th photoelectric sensor in import straight pipe, the axis of the third icing bar and the import straight tube
The axis of section is substantially vertical, and the 5th optical path of the 5th photoelectric sensor formation is located at the front of the third icing bar,
Wherein, when the luminous flux of the 5th optical path is reduced or the 5th optical path is cut off, the control device issues supercooling
Water droplet icing signal.
14. ice crystal detector according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the taper angle theta of the converging transition are as follows: 60 °≤θ
≤120°。
15. ice crystal detector according to claim 14, which is characterized in that the taper angle theta is 90 °.
16. ice crystal detector according to claim 2 or 3, which is characterized in that the diameter of the entrance of the converging transition and
The ratio r of the diameter in exit are as follows: 1/3≤r≤2/3.
17. ice crystal detector according to claim 16, which is characterized in that the ratio r is 1/2.
18. ice crystal detector according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pressure change rate is that ice crystal collects probe
Inlet and outlet between pressure difference change rate or ice crystal collect probe entrance pressure change rate, in the pressure difference
When change rate is greater than the first predetermined threshold or the ice crystal collects the pressure change rate of the entrance of probe greater than second
When predetermined threshold, the ice crystal detector issues ice crystal icing signal.
19. ice crystal detector according to claim 18, which is characterized in that the pressure change control device includes data
Library, the first predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold under each flying speed of database purchase.
20. ice crystal detector according to claim 18, which is characterized in that control device includes database, the data
Library stores the first predetermined threshold and the second predetermined threshold, first predetermined threshold and second predetermined threshold are attacked with aircraft
Angle, yaw angle and temperature, flying speed have functional relation.
21. ice crystal detector according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the cross section that the ice crystal collects probe is
Round, ellipse or oblong.
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| CN201910768703.1A CN110466779B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | Ice crystal detector |
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| CN201910768703.1A CN110466779B (en) | 2019-08-20 | 2019-08-20 | Ice crystal detector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112407297A (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2021-02-26 | 四川探索者航空科技有限公司 | Aircraft icing detection method, system and device |
| CN112550723A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-03-26 | 华中科技大学 | Super-cooled large water drop icing probe and detector |
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| CN110466779B (en) | 2023-02-21 |
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