CN110457739B - Tunnel overbreak and underexcavation and primary support and secondary lining concrete volume statistical method - Google Patents
Tunnel overbreak and underexcavation and primary support and secondary lining concrete volume statistical method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T7/00—Image analysis
- G06T7/60—Analysis of geometric attributes
- G06T7/62—Analysis of geometric attributes of area, perimeter, diameter or volume
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
- G06T2207/10—Image acquisition modality
- G06T2207/10028—Range image; Depth image; 3D point clouds
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for counting the volume of concrete for over-underexcavation, primary support and secondary lining of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps: A. and (3) calculating the over-short excavation square amount of the tunnel: a1, placing the preprocessed and denoised point cloud of the excavation section and the designed model under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting a point cloud l with a certain length Excavating (ii) a A2, projecting along the axis direction of the tunnel to obtain an excavation section scanning point cloud and a two-dimensional plane of an excavation section outline; a3, obtaining a communication closed area between the two projected two-dimensional planes according to the projected two-dimensional planes, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing (ii) a And A4, calculating the overexcavation amount of the section by communicating the product of the area of the closed region and the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step A1. The method is simple to implement, realizes the assessment and monitoring of the concrete volume of the overbreak and undermining and the primary support and the secondary lining, ensures the construction quality of the primary support and the secondary lining, and avoids the occurrence of cavities.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of concrete volume statistics. More specifically, the invention relates to a method for counting the volume of concrete in over-underexcavation, primary support and secondary lining of a tunnel.
Background
In the tunnel construction such as the drilling and blasting method, the over-and-under excavation of the tunnel is generally unavoidable, and the over-and-under excavation of the tunnel plays a vital role in the quality and the safety progress of the tunnel construction, and simultaneously determines the economic benefit of the project to a certain extent. Therefore, how to reasonably control the over-under excavation of the tunnel and how to quickly count the over-under excavation square amount are always the important difficulties in the quality control of the tunnel at present.
For the calculation and monitoring of the actual needed amount of the primary support and the secondary lining concrete, the actual size of the concrete amount needed by the primary support and the secondary lining concrete is determined by the surrounding rock overbreak, the flatness of the primary support and whether the primary support invades the limit or not in the actual field situation. At present, no more accurate method is available for calculation and monitoring. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately calculate the size of the actually required primary support and secondary lining square amount and compare the size with the actually used square amount to realize the monitoring of the primary support and the secondary lining square amount is very important for ensuring the construction quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for counting the volume of concrete for over-undermining, primary support and secondary lining of a tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) calculating the over-short excavation square amount of the tunnel:
a1, placing the preprocessed and denoised point cloud of the excavation section and the designed model under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting a point cloud l with a certain length Excavating ；
A2, projecting the three-dimensional point cloud data of the excavation section and the design model along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain a scanning point cloud of the excavation section and a two-dimensional plane of the outline of the design excavation section;
a3, obtaining a communication closed area between the projected scanned point cloud of the excavation section and the designed two-dimensional plane of the excavation section outline, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing ；
And A4, calculating the overexcavation amount of the section by communicating the product of the area of the closed region and the point cloud length intercepted in the step A1: v Ultra-short digging ＝l Point cloud excavation *S Closed excavation 。
Preferably, the method for counting the volume of the concrete for the tunnel overbreak, the primary support and the secondary lining further comprises the following steps:
B. calculating the volume of the concrete supported in the initial stage of the tunnel:
b1, placing the preprocessed and denoised primary support point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud under the same coordinate system for sleeving and interceptingTaking a certain length of primary support point cloud and tunnel excavation surface point cloud l Preliminary bracing ；
B2, projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively, and projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud two-dimensional plane;
b3, obtaining a communication closed area between the primary support scanning point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud section outline after projection, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing 。
B4, area S of the closed area is communicated Closed primary support And C, the product of the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step B1 is subtracted, and the volume of the arch frame and the volume of the steel bar are subtracted, so that the volume of the primary support concrete of the section can be calculated: v Preliminary bracing ＝l Preliminary bracing *S Closed preliminary bracing —V Centering and reinforcing bar Volume.
Preferably, the method for counting the volume of the concrete for the tunnel overbreak, the primary support and the secondary lining further comprises the following steps:
C. and (3) calculating the concrete volume of the secondary lining of the tunnel:
c1, placing the primary support point cloud and the secondary lining point cloud which are processed and denoised under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud l with certain length Secondary lining ；
C2, projecting the secondary lining point cloud data and the primary support point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain two-dimensional planes of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud;
c3, obtaining a communication closed area consisting of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud according to the projected two-dimensional plane of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed secondary lining 。
C4, area S through communication of closed area Closed secondary lining The product of the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step C1 is subtracted by the volume of the secondary lining reinforcing steel bar, and the section of the secondary lining concrete can be calculatedThe earth volume: v Secondary lining ＝l Secondary lining *S Closed secondary lining —V Secondary lining reinforcing steel bar 。
Preferably, the method for counting the volume of the concrete for the tunnel overburdened and primary support and secondary lining is characterized in that the lengths of the point clouds in the step A1, the step B1 and the step C1 are calculated according to the actual required screenshot volume.
Preferably, in the method for counting the volume of the concrete for the tunnel underpass, the primary support and the secondary lining, in the step A3, the closed area for designing the communication between the excavation section and the point cloud of the excavation section is composed of the point cloud of the primary support, the design section and the normal line from the bottom of the point cloud to the design section.
Preferably, in the method for counting the volume of the concrete for the tunnel overbreak and the preliminary bracing and the secondary lining, in the step B3, the closed area for communicating the point cloud of the preliminary bracing and the tunnel excavation surface consists of the point cloud of the preliminary bracing, the point cloud of the tunnel excavation surface and a connecting line between the point cloud of the preliminary bracing and the point cloud of the tunnel excavation surface.
Preferably, in the method for counting the volume of the tunnel overburdened and underexcavated and primary support and secondary lining concrete, in the step C3, the closed communication area of the point clouds of the secondary lining and the primary support is formed by the point clouds of the secondary lining, the point clouds of the primary support and the connecting lines of the point clouds of the primary support and the bottoms of the point clouds of the secondary lining.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a method for counting the volume of the concrete of the tunnel, such as the overbreak, the primary support and the secondary lining, which is simple, rapid and accurate to implement, realizes the evaluation and monitoring of the volume of the concrete of the overbreak, the primary support and the secondary lining, ensures the construction quality of the primary support and the secondary lining, and avoids the occurrence of cavities. The method calculates and extracts the over-under excavation square amount, the primary support and the secondary lining concrete square amount by determining the square amount calculation length, the socket joint of the excavation section point cloud and the design model, the socket joint of the primary support point cloud and the excavation section point cloud, the socket joint of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud, the calculation of the communicated closed area, the calculation of the square amount and the like, and can accurately and quickly reflect the actual conditions of the tunnel over-under excavation, the primary support and the secondary lining construction square amount.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a communicated closed region after point cloud projection of a designed excavation section and an actual excavation section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a communication closed area of the primary support point cloud and an actually excavated section cable cloud projected in the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a communicated enclosed area after projection of secondary lining point cloud and primary support point cloud of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It is to be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials, if not otherwise specified, are commercially available; in the description of the present invention, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a method for counting the volume of concrete for tunnel overbreak and underexcavation, primary support and secondary lining, which comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) calculating the over-short excavation square amount of the tunnel:
a1, placing the preprocessed and denoised point cloud of the excavation section and the designed model under the same coordinate system for sleeving and interceptingTaking a point cloud l of a certain length Excavating (ii) a And B, calculating the length of the point cloud in the step A1 according to the actual required screenshot volume.
A2, projecting the three-dimensional point cloud data of the excavated section and the design model along the axial direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain a two-dimensional plane of the scanned point cloud of the excavated section and the outline of the designed excavated section through projection;
a3, obtaining a communication closed area between the projected scanned point cloud of the excavation section and the designed two-dimensional plane of the excavation section outline, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing (ii) a In the step A3, the closed area for communicating the designed excavation section and the point cloud of the excavation section is composed of the initial support point cloud, the designed section and the normal line from the bottom of the point cloud to the designed section.
And A4, calculating the overexcavation amount of the section by communicating the product of the area of the closed region and the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step A1: v Ultra-short digging ＝l Point cloud excavation *S Closed excavation 。
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the method for counting the volume of concrete in the tunnel, which is over-undermined, preliminary bracing and secondary lining, further comprises:
B. calculating the volume of the concrete supported in the initial stage of the tunnel:
b1, placing the preprocessed and denoised primary support point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting the primary support point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud l with certain lengths Preliminary bracing (ii) a And B1, calculating the length of the point cloud in the step B1 according to the actual required screenshot volume.
B2, projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively, and projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud two-dimensional plane;
b3, obtaining a communication closed area between the primary support scanning point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud section outline after projection, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing . In step B3, primary support and tunnel excavation face point cloudThe communication closed area consists of primary support point cloud, tunnel excavation surface point cloud and a connecting line of the primary support point cloud and the bottom of the tunnel excavation surface point cloud.
B4, area S of the closed area is communicated Closed preliminary bracing And C, the product of the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step B1 is subtracted, and the volume of the arch frame and the volume of the steel bar are subtracted, so that the volume of the primary support concrete of the section can be calculated: v Preliminary bracing ＝l Preliminary bracing *S Closed preliminary bracing —V Centering and reinforcing bar Volume.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the method for counting the volume of concrete in the tunnel, which is over-undermined, preliminary bracing and secondary lining, further comprises:
C. calculating the volume of the secondary lining concrete of the tunnel:
c1, placing the primary support point cloud and the secondary lining point cloud which are processed and denoised under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud l with certain length Secondary lining (ii) a And C1, calculating the length of the point cloud in the step C according to the actual required screenshot volume.
C2, projecting the secondary lining point cloud data and the primary support point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain two-dimensional planes of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud;
c3, obtaining a communication closed area formed by the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud according to the projected two-dimensional plane of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed secondary lining . And C3, forming a communication closed area of the secondary lining and the primary support point cloud by the secondary lining point cloud, the primary support point cloud and a connecting line between the primary support point cloud and the bottom of the secondary lining point cloud.
C4, area S through communication of closed area Closed secondary lining And C1, subtracting the volume of the secondary lining reinforcing steel bars by the product of the point cloud length intercepted in the step C, and calculating the volume of the section of secondary lining concrete: v Secondary lining ＝l Secondary lining *S Closed secondary lining —V Secondary lining reinforcing steel bar 。
The three-dimensional laser scanning technology can rapidly acquire three-dimensional coordinates of the surface of a measured object in a large area and high resolution manner through high-speed laser scanning measurement, and obtain required massive point cloud data.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A method for counting the volume of concrete for tunnel overburdened and primary support and secondary lining is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. and (3) calculating the over-short excavation square amount of the tunnel:
a1, placing the preprocessed and denoised point cloud of the excavation section and the designed model under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting a point cloud l with a certain length Excavating ；
A2, projecting the three-dimensional point cloud data of the excavated section and the design model along the axial direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain a two-dimensional plane of the scanned point cloud of the excavated section and the outline of the designed excavated section through projection;
a3, obtaining a communication closed area between the projected excavation section scanning point cloud and the designed two-dimensional plane of the excavation section outline according to the projected excavation section scanning point cloud and the designed two-dimensional plane of the excavation section outline, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing ；
And A4, calculating the overexcavation amount of the section by communicating the product of the area of the closed region and the point cloud length intercepted in the step A1: v Ultra-short digging ＝l Point cloud excavation *S Closed excavation 。
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
B. calculating the volume of the primary support concrete of the tunnel:
b1, placing the preprocessed and denoised primary support point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting the primary support point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud l with certain lengths Preliminary bracing ；
B2, projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively, and projecting the primary support point cloud data and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud two-dimensional plane;
b3, obtaining a communication closed area between the primary support scanning point cloud and the tunnel excavation surface point cloud section outline after projection, and calculating the area S of the communication closed area Closed preliminary bracing ；
B4, area S of the closed area is communicated Closed preliminary bracing And C, the product of the length of the point cloud intercepted in the step B1 is subtracted, and the volume of the arch frame and the volume of the steel bar are subtracted, so that the volume of the primary support concrete of the section can be calculated: v Preliminary bracing ＝l Preliminary bracing *S Closed preliminary bracing —V Arch and rebar volume 。
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising the steps of:
C. and (3) calculating the concrete volume of the secondary lining of the tunnel:
c1, placing the primary support point cloud and the secondary lining point cloud which are processed and denoised under the same coordinate system for sleeving, and intercepting the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud l with certain length Secondary lining ；
C2, projecting the secondary lining point cloud data and the primary support point cloud data along the axis direction of the tunnel respectively to obtain two-dimensional planes of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud;
c3, obtaining a communication closed area consisting of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud according to the projected two-dimensional plane of the secondary lining point cloud and the primary support point cloud, and calculating the surface of the communication closed areaProduct S Closed secondary lining ；
C4, area S through communication of closed area Closed secondary lining And C1, subtracting the volume of the secondary lining reinforcing steel bars by the product of the point cloud length intercepted in the step C, and calculating the volume of the section of secondary lining concrete: v Secondary lining ＝l Secondary lining *S Closed secondary lining —V Secondary lining reinforcing steel bar 。
4. The method for counting the volume of the tunnel underwriting, primary support and secondary lining concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the lengths of the point clouds in the steps A1, B1 and C1 are calculated according to the actual required screenshot volume.
5. The method for statistics of the volume of concrete for tunnel overburdened and preliminary bracing and secondary lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step A3, the closed area for communication between the designed excavation section and the point cloud of the excavation section is composed of the point cloud of the preliminary bracing, the design section and the normal from the bottom of the point cloud to the design section.
6. The method for statistics of tunnel overburdened and preliminary bracing and secondary lining concrete volume of claim 2, wherein in step B3, the closed area of communication between the preliminary bracing and the point cloud of the tunnel excavation face is composed of the point cloud of the preliminary bracing, the point cloud of the tunnel excavation face and a connecting line between the point cloud of the preliminary bracing and the bottom of the point cloud of the tunnel excavation face.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step C3, the closed area of the secondary lining and the primary support point cloud is formed by the point cloud of the secondary lining, the point cloud of the primary support, and the connecting line between the point cloud of the primary support and the bottom of the point cloud of the secondary lining.
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| CN111894604B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-06-07 | 江苏科技大学 | Tunnel excavation condition intelligent control system |
| CN113222416B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2024-05-10 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | Digital evaluation method and system for tunnel whole-procedure construction quality |
| CN113808093A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-17 | 中铁一局集团第五工程有限公司 | Tunnel primary support shotcrete thickness detection method based on 3D laser scanner |
| CN115936518B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-08-01 | 西南交通大学 | Tunnel overexcitation control level quantitative evaluation method based on point cloud data |
| CN116255904B (en) * | 2023-02-27 | 2023-12-05 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Automatic measuring method and system for concrete volume of tunnel hole wall spraying by mine method |
| CN117671161B (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-06-25 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Method for finely calculating concrete volume among different working procedures of tunnel and storage medium |
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| JP2013002164A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-07 | Shimizu Corp | Construction method for water-proof tunnel |
| CN106401643B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-08-21 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Tunnel Overbreak ＆ Underbreak detection method based on laser point cloud |
| CN108871268B (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-02-02 | 湖南联智科技股份有限公司 | Tunnel under-excavation numerical calculation method based on laser point cloud |
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