CN110456317B - Phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echo - Google Patents

Phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echo Download PDF

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CN110456317B
CN110456317B CN201910694866.XA CN201910694866A CN110456317B CN 110456317 B CN110456317 B CN 110456317B CN 201910694866 A CN201910694866 A CN 201910694866A CN 110456317 B CN110456317 B CN 110456317B
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inconsistency
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CN110456317A (en
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蓝爱兰
阎敬业
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National Space Science Center of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
    • G01S7/4021—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of receivers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
    • G01S7/4082—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes using externally generated reference signals, e.g. via remote reflector or transponder
    • G01S7/4095—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes using externally generated reference signals, e.g. via remote reflector or transponder the external reference signals being modulated, e.g. rotating a dihedral reflector or modulating a transponder for simulation of a Doppler echo
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a phased array radar system calibration method and system based on meteor trail echoes, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extracting corresponding echo signals as point target echo signals according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes; calculating the phase difference of point target echo signals of each channel and a reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the influence of phase inconsistency of a receiver, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor; correcting the transmitted signal by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor; and correcting the echo signals by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor to realize the calibration of the phased array radar system. The method of the invention eliminates the influence of phase inconsistency among the whole receiving/transmitting links by using meteor trails, reduces the influence of system errors and improves the performance of a radar system.

Description

Phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echo
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radars, in particular to a phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echoes.
Background
An international super-bipolar optical radar network (SuperDARN) is a radar network composed of tens of ground-based coherent high-frequency radar arrays formed for studying ionospheric anomalies in high-altitude regions. The SuperDARN radar is a high-frequency phased array radar, and the main detection parameters are ionospheric echo intensity, drift velocity and spectral width. The distribution and motion conditions of ionized layer irregular bodies can be obtained by utilizing information such as ionized layer echo power, drift velocity, spectrum width and the like; and obtaining the convection mode of the global ionosphere through the information joint processing of a plurality of radars.
The measurement accuracy of parameters such as echo strength, drift velocity and spectral width is directly related to the coherence of the radar system. It is usually necessary to ensure amplitude consistency of the links in the system by scaling means to ensure radar coherence. However, for the SuperDARN radar, the working frequency is 8-20 MHz, the main array is composed of 16 unit antennas, and the array size is two hundred meters. For phased array radars with low working frequency and large array size, system scaling becomes a big problem. At present, the system calibration is usually realized by adopting a mode that an unmanned aerial vehicle carries an artificial signal source. There are several significant disadvantages to this approach: (1) affected by airspace control, the radar stations can adopt an unmanned aerial vehicle to carry out system calibration; (2) an unmanned aerial vehicle, launching equipment, related testing personnel and the like need to be equipped, the test cost is high, and the possibility of frequently calibrating the system is limited; (3) because the transmission characteristics of the system can be influenced by factors such as air temperature, aging and the like, multiple measurement/frequent measurement are needed to ensure the high performance of the system, and the test cost is further increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of limited airspace, high cost and the like of the existing calibration method of the unmanned aerial vehicle carrying artificial signal source system, and provides a system calibration method with high flexibility, high efficiency and low cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a calibration method for a phased array radar system based on meteor trail echo, wherein the method comprises:
extracting corresponding echo signals as point target echo signals according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
calculating the phase difference of point target echo signals of each channel and a reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the influence of phase inconsistency of a receiver, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor;
correcting the transmitted signal by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor; and correcting the echo signals by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor to realize the calibration of the phased array radar system.
As an improvement of the above method, the extracting of the corresponding echo signal according to the characteristics of the meteor trail echo as the point target echo signal specifically includes:
searching a strong echo signal with the duration of 0.1-2 seconds, and extracting echo data corresponding to each channel;
processing the extracted echo signals of each channel to obtain phase information of the echo of each channel, and obtaining the Doppler velocity of the target through linear fitting;
if the Doppler velocity error is greater than 4m/s, the echo signal does not meet the requirement and is discarded; otherwise, determining the echo as meteor trail echo, and regarding the echo as point target echo.
As an improvement of the above method, the method calculates the phase difference of the point target echo signals of each channel and the reference channel, calculates the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the influence of the phase inconsistency of the receiver, and calculates the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor; specifically comprises the following steps of;
taking the ith channel as a reference channel, and the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel is as follows:
Δαi,m＝αm-αi；m＝1,2,...,M
wherein alpha is1、α2、…、αMThe phase of the echo signal received by each channel is M is the number of radar channels;
obtaining phase inconsistency factor of mth receiver relative to reference receiver through internal calibration
Figure BDA0002149057330000021
The reference receiver is the ith receiver; the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the phase inconsistency of the receiver
Figure BDA0002149057330000022
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000023
to pair
Figure BDA0002149057330000024
Performing linear fitting to obtain the mth channel relative to the referenceFitting phase difference of channels
Figure BDA0002149057330000025
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000026
wherein p is a linear fitting parameter;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor is then:
Figure BDA0002149057330000027
as an improvement of the above method, the correcting the transmission signal by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a transmitter phase inconsistency factor of an mth transmitter relative to a reference transmitter through internal calibration
Figure BDA0002149057330000031
The reference transmitter is an ith transmitter;
the corrected phase of the transmission signal of the mth transmission channel
Figure BDA0002149057330000032
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000033
wherein, M is 1,20Is the transmit signal phase of each channel.
As an improvement of the above method, the echo signal is corrected by using an antenna inconsistency phase factor and a receiver inconsistency phase factor; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
corrected echo signal phase of mth receiving channel
Figure BDA0002149057330000034
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000035
wherein, betamIs the echo signal of the mth receiving channel.
The invention also provides a phased array radar system calibration system based on meteor trail echo, which comprises the following steps:
the point target echo signal acquisition module is used for extracting a corresponding echo signal as a point target echo signal according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor calculation module is used for calculating the phase difference of the point target echo signals of each channel and the reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after the influence of the receiver phase inconsistency is eliminated, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor;
the transmitting signal correction module is used for correcting the transmitting signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor;
and the received signal correction module is used for correcting the echo signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor.
As an improvement of the above system, the specific implementation process of the point target echo signal acquisition module is as follows:
searching a strong echo signal with the duration of 0.1-2 seconds, and extracting echo data corresponding to each channel;
processing the extracted echo signals of each channel to obtain phase information of the echo of each channel, and obtaining the Doppler velocity of the target through linear fitting;
if the Doppler velocity error is greater than 4m/s, the echo signal does not meet the requirement and is discarded; otherwise, determining the echo as meteor trail echo, and regarding the echo as point target echo.
As an improvement of the above system, the specific implementation process of the antenna inconsistency phase factor calculation module is as follows;
taking the ith channel as a reference channel, and the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel is as follows:
Δαi,m＝αm-αi；m＝1,2,...,M
wherein alpha is1、α2、…、αMThe phase of the echo signal received by each channel is M is the number of radar channels;
obtaining phase inconsistency factor of mth receiver relative to reference receiver through internal calibration
Figure BDA0002149057330000041
The reference receiver is the ith receiver; the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the phase inconsistency of the receiver
Figure BDA0002149057330000042
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000043
to pair
Figure BDA0002149057330000044
Performing linear fitting to obtain the fitting phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel
Figure BDA0002149057330000045
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000046
wherein p is a linear fitting parameter;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor is then:
Figure BDA0002149057330000047
as an improvement of the above system, the specific implementation process of the transmission signal correction module is as follows:
obtaining a transmitter phase inconsistency factor of an mth transmitter relative to a reference transmitter through internal calibration
Figure BDA0002149057330000048
The reference transmitter is an ith transmitter;
the corrected phase of the transmission signal of the mth transmission channel
Figure BDA0002149057330000049
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00021490573300000410
wherein, M is 1,20Is the transmit signal phase of each channel.
As an improvement of the above system, the specific implementation process of the received signal correction module is as follows:
corrected echo signal phase of mth receiving channel
Figure BDA00021490573300000411
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA00021490573300000412
wherein, betamIs the echo signal of the mth receiving channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention realizes system calibration by utilizing natural point targets (meteor trails), is not limited by time and space, and has the advantages of short calibration period, high flexibility, high efficiency and low cost;
2. the invention realizes system calibration by utilizing a natural point target (meteor trail), eliminates the influence of phase inconsistency among the whole receiving/transmitting links, reduces the influence of system errors and improves the performance of a radar system;
3. the invention is based on the characteristics of meteor trail echo and combines internal calibration to obtain the phase error between the receiving links and the phase error between the transmitting links, and corrects to realize system calibration.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna arrangement and the phase difference of the echo signals of the equally spaced linear antenna array according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides a phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echo, which comprises the following steps:
step 1) extracting corresponding echo signals as point target echo signals according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
step 1-1) searching a strong echo signal with the duration of 0.1-2 seconds, and extracting echo data corresponding to each channel;
step 1-2) processing the extracted echo signals of each channel to obtain phase information of the echo of each channel, and obtaining the Doppler velocity of the target through linear fitting;
step 1-3) evaluating the Doppler velocity error, and if the error is greater than 4m/s, discarding the data which does not meet the requirement; and if the error is less than or equal to 4/s, determining the echo as the meteor trail echo and regarding the echo as the point target echo.
Step 2) processing the echo signals of the star trail to eliminate the influence of the inconsistency of the receiver;
step 2-1) obtaining phase difference of echo signals of each channel relative to the channel 1;
assuming that the number of radar channels is M, any one of the M channels may be used as a reference channel, and in this embodiment, the channel 1 is used as a reference channel;
the phases of echo signals received by M channels of the radar are assumed to be alpha respectively1、α2、…、αM(ii) a Then, taking channel 1 as a reference channel, the phase difference of each channel with respect to channel 1 is obtained as follows:
Δα1,m＝αm-α1；(m＝1,2,...,M) (1)
step 2-2) eliminating the influence of phase inconsistency of the receiver;
when the radar works, a target echo reaches a receiver through an antenna, a series of processing such as amplification, filtering, frequency conversion and the like is completed in the receiver, and an analog signal is converted into a digital signal through an AD converter for processing. Namely, the finally obtained radar echo signal is the result after being processed by the antenna, the receiver and the digital processing system. For digital processing systems, the channel-to-channel inconsistencies are well controlled and negligible. Therefore, an antenna (including cable) non-uniformity phase error and a receiver non-uniformity phase error exist in the phase difference of each channel with respect to channel 1.
Figure BDA0002149057330000061
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002149057330000062
the phase difference caused by different propagation distances when the echo signals reach the antenna m and the antenna 1;
Figure BDA0002149057330000063
is the phase inconsistency of the antenna m (including the cable) with respect to the antenna 1,
Figure BDA0002149057330000064
is the phase disparity of receiver m with respect to receiver 1. Wherein the phase inconsistency between the receivers can be achieved by internal calibration. That is, after the phase inconsistency of the receiver is eliminated through the radar internal calibration, the echo phase difference between the channels is different by delta alpha1,mThe method comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000065
in the formula:
Figure BDA0002149057330000066
to eliminate the phase difference of each channel relative to channel 1 after the receiver phase inconsistency.
Step 3) acquiring an antenna (including a transmission cable) inconsistency phase factor;
step 3-1) utilizing the characteristic that the phase difference caused by the path difference of the point target echo reaching each antenna in the array changes linearly along with the position of the antenna in the array, and performing linear fitting on the phase difference of each channel echo after the phase inconsistency of the receiver is eliminated;
for the phased array radar with the antenna array being an equal-interval linear array, when a detection target is a point target, phase differences exist among point target echo signals received by the antennas due to different propagation distances. Assuming that the antennas in the antenna array are arranged as shown in fig. 1, and the included angle between the position of the point target and the normal of the radar array is θ, the phase difference between the antenna m and the antenna m +1
Figure BDA0002149057330000067
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000068
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002149057330000069
and
Figure BDA00021490573300000610
the phases of echo signals received by an antenna m and an antenna m +1 respectively, lambda is the radar working wavelength, d is the distance between adjacent antennas,
Figure BDA00021490573300000611
is the phase difference of the signals received by adjacent antennas. Then, the phase difference of the signals received by the antenna m and the antenna 1
Figure BDA00021490573300000612
Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002149057330000071
the formula shows that: for an ideal radar system, the phase of the point target echo received by each channel changes linearly with the number, and the change slope is kdsin theta. That is, on the premise that the radar operating frequency and the array are kept unchanged, the slope of the phase change of the point echo signal received by each antenna in the array depends only on the echo direction. However, when considering the effect of phase inconsistency between antennas (including cables), the phase difference of the echo signal of the radar channel m with respect to the channel 1 is:
Figure BDA0002149057330000072
in the above formula:
Figure BDA0002149057330000073
is an unknown quantity and is a quantity needing to be corrected; the azimuth information θ of the point target is also unknown, but the linear variation characteristics of the phase between channels ideally do not change regardless of the direction of the point target. To pair
Figure BDA0002149057330000074
Performing a linear fit of
Figure BDA0002149057330000075
In the formula: p is a linear fitting parameter.
Step 3-2) utilizing the phase after eliminating the receiver inconsistency error
Figure BDA0002149057330000076
Subtracting the fitted phase
Figure BDA0002149057330000077
The phase factor of the inconsistency between the antennas (including the cables) can be obtained as follows:
Figure BDA0002149057330000078
and 4) respectively correcting the transmitting signal and the echo signal by using the antenna (including the transmission cable) inconsistent phase factor, the transmitting channel inconsistent amplitude-phase factor and the receiving channel inconsistent amplitude-phase factor to realize the calibration of the whole system.
Step 4-1) utilizing receiver disparity phase factor
Figure BDA0002149057330000079
Phase factor of antenna (including cable) inconsistency
Figure BDA00021490573300000710
Before beam synthesis, eliminating phase errors caused by receiving link inconsistency in echo signals, and realizing phase correction of a receiving link;
the phases of the received echoes of all channels are assumed to be beta respectivelym(M1, 2.. times.m), which becomes the receiver and antenna (including cable) inconsistencies after the receiver and antenna inconsistencies are eliminated
Figure BDA00021490573300000711
Figure BDA00021490573300000712
Step 4-2) utilizing transmitter inconsistency phase factor
Figure BDA00021490573300000713
Phase factor of antenna (including cable) inconsistency
Figure BDA00021490573300000714
Before beam forming, eliminating phase error caused by the inconsistency of a transmitting link in a transmitting signal, and realizing phase correction of the transmitting link;
the phases of the transmitted signals of all channels generated by a signal generator in the radar system are assumed to be gamma0To eliminate the effect of transmitter and antenna (including cable) inconsistencies, the phase of the transmitted signal for each channel needs to be adjusted to become equal
Figure BDA0002149057330000081
Figure BDA0002149057330000082
Transmitter non-uniformity phase factor
Figure BDA0002149057330000083
Can be obtained by internal scaling.
Example 2
Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a calibration system for a phased array radar system based on meteor trail echoes, where the system includes:
the point target echo signal acquisition module is used for extracting a corresponding echo signal as a point target echo signal according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor calculation module is used for calculating the phase difference of the point target echo signals of each channel and the reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after the influence of the receiver phase inconsistency is eliminated, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor;
the transmitting signal correction module is used for correcting the transmitting signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor;
and the received signal correction module is used for correcting the echo signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echoes, the method comprising:
extracting corresponding echo signals as point target echo signals according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
calculating the phase difference of point target echo signals of each channel and a reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the influence of phase inconsistency of a receiver, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor;
correcting the transmitted signal by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor; correcting the echo signals by using the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor to realize the calibration of the phased array radar system;
calculating the phase difference of point target echo signals of each channel and a reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the influence of phase inconsistency of a receiver, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor; specifically comprises the following steps of;
taking the ith channel as a reference channel, and the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel is as follows:
Δαi,m＝αm-αi；m＝1,2,...,M
wherein alpha is1、α2、…、αMThe phase of the echo signal received by each channel is M is the number of radar channels;
by passingInner scaling to obtain phase disparity factor of mth receiver relative to reference receiver
Figure FDA0002909932030000011
The reference receiver is the ith receiver; the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the phase inconsistency of the receiver
Figure FDA0002909932030000012
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000013
to pair
Figure FDA0002909932030000014
Performing linear fitting to obtain the fitting phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000015
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000016
wherein p is a linear fitting parameter;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor is then:
Figure FDA0002909932030000017
2. the phased array radar system calibration method based on meteor trail echoes according to claim 1, characterized in that the corresponding echo signals are extracted as point target echo signals according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes, and specifically:
searching a strong echo signal with the duration of 0.1-2 seconds, and extracting echo data corresponding to each channel;
processing the extracted echo signals of each channel to obtain phase information of the echo of each channel, and obtaining the Doppler velocity of the target through linear fitting;
if the Doppler velocity error is greater than 4m/s, the echo signal does not meet the requirement and is discarded; otherwise, determining the echo as meteor trail echo, and regarding the echo as point target echo.
3. The meteor trail echo based phased array radar system calibration method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitted signal is corrected using an antenna inconsistency phase factor and a transmitter inconsistency phase factor; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
obtaining a transmitter phase inconsistency factor of an mth transmitter relative to a reference transmitter through internal calibration
Figure FDA0002909932030000021
The reference transmitter is an ith transmitter;
the corrected phase of the transmission signal of the mth transmission channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000022
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000023
wherein, M is 1,20Is the transmit signal phase of each channel.
4. The meteor trail echo based phased array radar system calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that the echo signal is corrected by using an antenna inconsistency phase factor and a receiver inconsistency phase factor; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
corrected echo signal phase of mth receiving channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000024
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000025
wherein, betamIs the echo signal of the mth receiving channel.
5. A phased array radar system calibration system based on meteor trail echoes, the system comprising:
the point target echo signal acquisition module is used for extracting a corresponding echo signal as a point target echo signal according to the characteristics of meteor trail echoes;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor calculation module is used for calculating the phase difference of the point target echo signals of each channel and the reference channel, calculating the phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel after the influence of the receiver phase inconsistency is eliminated, and calculating the fitting phase difference of each channel relative to the reference channel; thereby calculating an antenna inconsistency phase factor;
the transmitting signal correction module is used for correcting the transmitting signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the transmitter inconsistency phase factor;
the receiving signal correction module is used for correcting the echo signal by utilizing the antenna inconsistency phase factor and the receiver inconsistency phase factor;
the specific implementation process of the antenna inconsistency phase factor calculation module is as follows;
taking the ith channel as a reference channel, and the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel is as follows:
Δαi,m＝αm-αi；m＝1,2,...,M
wherein alpha is1、α2、…、αMThe phase of the echo signal received by each channel is M is the number of radar channels;
obtaining mth receiver relative by internal calibrationPhase inconsistency factor at a reference receiver
Figure FDA0002909932030000031
The reference receiver is the ith receiver; the phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel after eliminating the phase inconsistency of the receiver
Figure FDA0002909932030000032
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000033
to pair
Figure FDA0002909932030000034
Performing linear fitting to obtain the fitting phase difference of the mth channel relative to the reference channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000035
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000036
wherein p is a linear fitting parameter;
the antenna inconsistency phase factor is then:
Figure FDA0002909932030000037
6. the phased array radar system calibration system based on meteor trail echo as claimed in claim 5, wherein the specific implementation process of the point target echo signal acquisition module is as follows:
searching a strong echo signal with the duration of 0.1-2 seconds, and extracting echo data corresponding to each channel;
processing the extracted echo signals of each channel to obtain phase information of the echo of each channel, and obtaining the Doppler velocity of the target through linear fitting;
if the Doppler velocity error is greater than 4m/s, the echo signal does not meet the requirement and is discarded; otherwise, determining the echo as meteor trail echo, and regarding the echo as point target echo.
7. The phased array radar system calibration system based on meteor trail echoes according to claim 6, characterized in that the implementation process of the emission signal correction module is as follows:
obtaining a transmitter phase inconsistency factor of an mth transmitter relative to a reference transmitter through internal calibration
Figure FDA0002909932030000041
The reference transmitter is an ith transmitter;
the corrected phase of the transmission signal of the mth transmission channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000042
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000043
wherein, M is 1,20Is the transmit signal phase of each channel.
8. The phased array radar system calibration system based on meteor trail echoes according to claim 6, characterized in that the received signal correction module is implemented by the following steps:
corrected echo signal phase of mth receiving channel
Figure FDA0002909932030000044
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002909932030000045
wherein, betamIs the echo signal of the mth receiving channel.
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