CN110455700A - Minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method and evaluation method - Google Patents
Minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method and evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method and evaluation method, the test method is the following steps are included: S1, minor diameter thin wall are alongst truncated into several annular pipeline sections as sample original pipe；The geometric dimension of each sample original pipe is measured before S2, test, and carries out ungrease treatment；S3, sample original pipe is placed in sample container, sample original pipe is fixed；S4, test process is carried out to sample in test chamber, records sample original pipe test process rear surface situation；S5, metallographic face is obtained；S6, it marks each crackle and calculates cracking breakout.The present invention solves the problems, such as that sample is difficult to make and is difficult to prepare with metallographic examination face；Specify the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle identification and crack size measurement method of minor diameter thin wall steel pipe；By the steel pipe not in applicability of standard, test and crackle statistics are carried out referring to test method of the invention, makes that it is suitable for existing standard appraisement systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates in material tests field more particularly to minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method and evaluation side
Method.
Background technique
With the rapid development of the national economy, the demand of the energy is increasing, the requirement of Environmental protection is also got over
Come higher, energy resource structure has gradually changed, petroleum, natural gas consumption rise year by year, have becomes master instead of coal greatly
Want the trend of the energy.Pipe line steel increases year by year as petroleum, the prevailing traffic carrier of natural gas resource, usage amount, but along with
The exploitation of oil gas field and being continuously increased for imported high sulfur crude oil processing capacity, hydrogen sulfide medium corrosion failure have penetrated into petroleum day
Drilling, conveying and the processing industry of right gas.Corrosion cracking occurs in wet hydrogen sulfide environment for more and more pipelines.Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
It is a kind of corrosion cracking of one of the most common, various countries have formulated relevant examination criteria for hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) thus, domestic at present
Most widely used hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test stone is mainly GB/T 8650-2015 " pipe line steel and pressure vessel steel resistance against hydrogen cracking
Assessment method " and NACE TM0284-2016Laboratory Testing of Metals for Resistance to
Sulfide Stress Cracking and Stress Corrosion Cracking in H2S Environments,
The scope of application to minor diameter pipe be nominal diameter be DN50~150mm, wall thickness≤6mm electric resistance welding and seamless steel pipe, for
Steel pipe current standard of the diameter less than 50mm is not prescribed by how to carry out hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test.Heat exchanger tube is as the master in heat exchanger
Want component, usually using minor diameter thin wall steel pipe, this kind of pipe line steel just not in the scope of application of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) testing standard,
And relevant technological document generally requires that such steel pipe carries out hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test referring to GB/T 8650 or NACE TM0284.
Existing technical solution can not really react the corrosion condition of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) sample, and test result is compared with actual result
It is less than normal, and then the safe long-term operation of landification equipment is caused security risk occur.
The identification of crackle and the geometric dimension of crackle have significantly the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test result of minor diameter thin wall steel pipe
Influence.Existing hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) testing standard provides that " crackle within sample upper and lower surfaces 1mm is not considered hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
Crackle ", this influences the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) result evaluation of thin-wall steel tube significant, and the wall thickness of thin-wall steel tube sample is natively very
It is thin, it removes the crackle within inner and outer wall 1mm and is not calculated as hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle, can greatly amplify the use of thin-wall steel tube
Risk.The heat exchanger tube sample for being such as 2.5mm for wall thickness, removes the oxide skin of inner and outer wall, will make the actual measurement wall of sample
For thickness close to 2mm, the crackle after test within inner and outer wall 1mm is not involved in the calculating of cracking breakout, leads to wall thickness≤2.5mm steel
Pipe may not necessarily carry out hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) performance test substantially, because, even if there is crackle, which also very may be used under existing regulation
Can not be recognized as hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle, this for equipment safe long-term operation bury can be very big hidden danger.For minor diameter
The hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle of thin-wall steel tube should have the regulation of oneself, since the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) inside specimen surface hydrogen blister and sample is split
The formation mechenism of line is consistent, and the crackle that specimen surface Hydrogen blister is formed is also the crackle of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC).
There are a little difference, the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)s of steel pipe for the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle in hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle and steel plate in steel pipe
Crackle may be rendered as irregular.Irregular crackle is in the upper close phase in placement position with sample of geometric dimension measurement
It closes, same Crack, the observation of different perspectives, the crackle geometric dimension difference shown is obvious, and thin-wall pipe is to crackle thickness
Degree rate is very sensitive, will affect the judge of final result to defining for crack length and thickness, but be directed to minor diameter thin wall at present
Tubing hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crack length and thickness define ununified regulation and can execute for reference.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art described above, for this purpose, the present invention provides the examination of minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
Proved recipe method and evaluation method.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
S1, minor diameter thin wall pipe remove oxide layer or corrosion layer by outer wall and inner wall processing, guarantee minor diameter thin wall pipe
Wall thickness and surface roughness are set, the annular pipeline section of several unit lengths is truncated into then along length direction or is cutd open along axial direction
The segmental arc opened is as sample original pipe；
The geometric dimension of each sample original pipe is measured before S2, test, and carries out ungrease treatment；
S3, sample original pipe is placed in test chamber, is spaced apart from each other between sample original pipe not less than set distance, by sample
Former pipe is fixed；
S4, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) corrosion test is carried out to sample in test chamber, takes out sample original Guan Qing after to be tested
It takes pictures after washing drying, record sample original pipe corrodes rear surface situation；
S5, metallographic face is obtained, when sample original pipe is base material or straight weld, sample original pipe is carried out more parts by length direction
Equal part, etc. facets as metallographic examination face；When sample original pipe is circular weld sample, by circular weld sample in length direction
Upper progress N etc. points form N number of button subsegment；Upper surface conduct after the horizontal resection of each button subsegment both ends of the surface
The distance in metallographic examination face, each metallographic examination face to corresponding button subsegment upper surface is different；
Each crackle on S6, label metallographic examination face.
To the method that the data obtained after minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method are evaluated, including following step
It is rapid:
S7, the direction for being parallel to sample original pipe neutral line (102) is set as the length direction of crackle (104), perpendicular to examination
The direction of sample original pipe neutral line (102) is the thickness direction of crackle (104), right by microscope alignment crackle (104) position
In base material or straight weld sample by spinning sample original pipe come conversion scan visual field, each crackle (104) correspondingly-sized is obtained,
The perimeter of circular arc is unified using the perimeter of neutral line (102) as calculation basis where different crackles (104)；
S8, single check surface cracking breakout is calculated, its calculation formula is:
Wherein a indicates the length of crackle (104), and b indicates the thickness of crackle (104), indicates examination for base material or straight weld L
The perimeter of sample original pipe neutral line (102), T representing sample original thickness of pipe wall；For girth joint sample, L representing sample original pipe check surface
212 length, the width Chong Die with steel pipe unilateral side wall of T representing sample check surface 212.
The present invention has the advantages that
(1) hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test is carried out in a manner of the segmental arc that the present invention is splitted by ring pipe homogeneous tube or diametrically,
Need to take setting width relative to the boat type sample in GB/T 8650-2015 standard, the present invention solve sample be difficult to make and
Metallographic examination face is difficult to the problem of obtaining.
(2) new regulation is established for the hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle identification of minor diameter thin wall steel pipe, due to specimen surface hydrogen drum
The formation mechenism of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle inside bubble and sample is consistent, the crackle that the present invention forms specimen surface Hydrogen blister
Also be considered be hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle, i.e., sample check section on crackle be all hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle.
(3) present invention provide that providing the side of defining of a set of crack length and crack thickness according to step S7 and step S8
Method.This method eliminates because the reason of visual angle effect cause the geometric dimension identification of crackle to change, actual mechanical process
In, micro objective can be directed at crackle position, for base material or straight weld sample, by rotation rather than translation sample come
Scanning visual field is converted, obtained crack length and crack thickness are very easy to determine, and crackle in the visual field of 100 times of amplification at this time
The measurement of size does not consider further that the influence of radian.Due to being thin-wall steel tube, the circumference arc length where different crackles is unequal
Do not consider, the unified perimeter with neutral line measures.
(4) although expanding examination scope in the present invention, the possibility of discovery crackle is improved, so that the result examined more accords with
Reality is closed, so that the safe long-term operation for petrochemical equipment provides basic guarantee.
(5) present invention specifies defining and minor diameter thin wall steel pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle for crack length and crack thickness
It defines, increases examination scope, check more comprehensively.
Detailed description of the invention
The position view in Fig. 1 is sample original pipe when being base material metallographic examination face.
The position view in Fig. 2 is sample original pipe when being button metallographic examination face.
Fig. 3 is that crackle geometric dimension defines schematic diagram.
The meaning of label symbol is as follows in figure:
11- base material 12/212- metallographic examination face
21- button 211- weld seam 213- sample section
101- outer wall 102- neutral line 103- inner wall 104- crackle
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method, comprising the following steps:
S1, minor diameter thin wall pipe remove oxide layer or corrosion layer by outer wall 101 and the processing of inner wall 103, guarantee minor diameter
Thin-wall tube sets wall thickness, is truncated into the annular pipeline section that 3 unit lengths are 100 ± 1mm long then along length direction and is used as examination
Sample original pipe；3 samples are respectively marked as 10 (HSC)-HIC-11,10 (HSC)-HIC-12,10 (HSC)-HIC-13.
In scheme, minor diameter thin wall pipe uses 10 (HSC) steel pipes of hydrogen sulfide corrosion-resistant.Specification is Φ 25*2.5mm.
The pipeline section of 100 ± 1mm, rolling direction of the length direction along steel pipe are intercepted after 101 smart car of inner wall 103 and outer wall.Using 320# sand
Paper polish in one direction specimen surface formed sample original pipe.Processing mode to outer wall 101 is by using sand after lathe smart car
Paper polishing, the processing mode to inner wall 103 is handled by techniques such as boring, mill, sandblastings.After processing, the wall of sample original pipe
Thickness is at least the 80% of minor diameter thin wall thickness of pipe wall.
The geometric dimension of each sample original pipe is measured before S2, experiment, and carries out ungrease treatment；Degreasing is by the way that sample is former
Pipe, which is put into supersonic cleaning machine, to be cleaned by ultrasonic, and degreasing agent is provided in the supersonic cleaning machine, in this embodiment, is taken off
Rouge agent includes acetone and dehydrated alcohol.
S3, sample original pipe is placed in sample container, is spaced apart from each other between sample original pipe not less than set distance, setting away from
From 6mm is not less than, sample original pipe is fixed, guarantee test solution can sufficient convection current, due to using homogeneous tube sample, examination
Sample should be fixed during testing, and prevent sample from rolling and contacting.
S4, test process is carried out to sample in experiment container, then takes out after sample original pipe is cleaned and dried and take pictures, records
Sample original pipe test process rear surface situation；
Test process is carried out to sample to provide to carry out according to NACE TM0284 standard, the specific steps are as follows:
S41, sealing container, high pure nitrogen is injected into container, and high pure nitrogen flow velocity is every liter capacity at least 100mL/
Min, time at least 1h, the volume of sample container control within 10L as far as possible；
Solution needed for S42, configuration are tested, the solution is using solution A (i.e. 5%NaCl+0.5% as defined in standard
CH3COOH), the initial pH of recording solution, initial pH are 2.7 ± 0.1, and solution is placed in the liquid dispensing container of sealing, to liquid
Container is passed through high pure nitrogen deoxygenation at least 1h, and flow velocity is every liter of solution at least 100mL/min；
S43, the testing liquid that peroxide is removed in liquid dispensing container is imported in sample container, testing liquid amount and specimen surface product
The ratio between no less than 3mL/cm2, after importing, continue to sample container deoxygenation 1h, flow velocity is every liter of solution at least 100mL/min；
S44, High Purity Nitrogen air valve is closed；Hydrogen sulfide valve is opened, is passed through hydrogen sulfide gas into sample container and liquid dispensing container,
Flow velocity is that every liter of solution is not less than 200mL/min, time at least 1h, using the hydrogen sulfide of solution in iodometric determination sample container
Content, measurement result show solution in concentration of hydrogen sulfide be 2657ppm, then measure solution pH value, as the result is shown for
3.1, turning hydrogen sulfide flow down is several bubbles per minute, and holding hydrogen sulfide gas is micro-positive pressure, continues 96h, until off-test
When, the pH value for measuring solution in sample container is 3.8.
S5, metallographic face is obtained, when sample original pipe is base material 11 or straight weld, sample original pipe is carried out four by length direction
Equal part, etc. facets as metallographic examination face 12；4 parts are divided into Fig. 1, i.e. the facets such as 3 that can see middle part in Fig. 1 are made
For metallographic examination face 12.It to sum up, include 9 metallographic examinations regardless of sample original pipe is base metal test specimen 11 or straight weld sample
Face 12.Respectively marked as 111 faces, 112 faces, 113 faces, 121 faces, 122 faces, 123 faces, 131 faces, 132 faces, 133 faces.
S6, record metallographic examination face 12 on crackle 104 include the test process rear surface bulge of sample original pipe formed
Crackle 104 finds 18 Cracks 104 altogether.
To the method that the data obtained after above-mentioned minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method are evaluated, including with
Lower step:
S7, the direction for being parallel to sample original pipe neutral line 102 is set as the length direction of crackle 104, perpendicular to sample original
The direction of pipe neutral line 102 is that 104 position of microscope alignment crackle is passed through spinning sample by the thickness direction of crackle 104
Former pipe carrys out conversion scan visual field, and the unified perimeter with neutral line 102 of different crackles 104 measures, and it is corresponding to obtain each crackle 104
Size；
S8, single 104 rate of check surface crackle, formula are calculated are as follows:
Wherein a indicates the length of crackle 104, and b indicates the thickness of crackle 104, the week of L representing sample original pipe neutral line 102
It is long, T representing sample original thickness of pipe wall；In Fig. 3 by taking 2 crackles 104 as an example, length is respectively a1 and a2, width be respectively b1 and
b2。
The length and width for measuring and recording respectively in step s 6 every Crack 104 is as shown in table 1, these crackles 104
It is completely disposed within the scope of the 1mm of sample inner wall 103 and outer wall 101.
Table 1
Referring to the requirement of GB/T 8650-2015 standard, for minor diameter thin wall seamless steel tube, the thickness of sample is at least
The 80% of pipe thickness, requirement when in conjunction with sample evaluation to crackle 104, is within the 1mm of inner wall 103 and outer wall 101
It is crackle 104 inside sample that crackle 104, which cannot can be regarded as, is not counted in 104 statistic processes of crackle, evaluation result such as 2 institute of table
Show.
Table 2
According to present invention provide that method carry out 104 evaluation result of hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) crackle it is as shown in table 3:
Table 3
Although can be seen that from above-mentioned comparison and expand examination scope in the present invention, the general of discovery crackle 104 is improved
Rate checks more comprehensively, facilitates the safe long-term operation of petrochemical equipment under wet hydrogen sulfide environment.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is that the sample in the present embodiment is circular weld sample 21.Obtaining metallographic examination
When face, as shown in Fig. 2, girth joint sample 21 is carried out to trisection in the longitudinal direction forms three button subsegments, equal part
Face is sample section 213；Each button subsegment be parallel to it is axially cutting after upper surface as metallographic examination face 212, i.e.,
Obtain 3 metallographic examination faces 212.The distance that corresponding button subsegment upper surface is arrived in each metallographic examination face 212 is different, In
In the embodiment, the distance of metallographic examination face 212 to corresponding button subsegment upper surface is D/4, D/2,3D/4 respectively.Three
Sample obtains 9 check surfaces altogether, respectively marked as 111 faces, 112 faces, and 113 faces, 121 faces, 122 faces, 123 faces, 131 faces, 132
Face, 133 faces.Weld seam 211 among button is two 11 junctions of base material.
All crackles 104 on the metallographic examination face 212 of record include that the test process rear surface bulge of sample original pipe is formed
Crackle 104.
Calculate single 104 rate of check surface crackle, for girth joint sample its calculation formula is:
Wherein a indicates the length of crackle (104), and b indicates the thickness of crackle (104), L representing sample original pipe check surface 212
Length, the width Chong Die with steel pipe unilateral side wall of T representing sample check surface 212；
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the invention, are not intended to limit the invention creation, all in the present invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the guarantor of the invention within the spirit and principle of creation
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, minor diameter thin wall pipe remove oxide layer or corrosion layer by outer wall (101) and inner wall (103) processing, guarantee minor diameter
Thin-wall tube sets wall thickness and surface roughness, and the annular pipeline section or edge of several unit lengths are truncated into then along length direction
The segmental arc axially splitted is as sample original pipe；
The geometric dimension of each sample original pipe is measured before S2, test, and carries out ungrease treatment；
S3, sample original pipe is placed in test chamber, is spaced apart from each other between sample original pipe not less than set distance, sample original is managed
It is fixed；
S4, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) corrosion test is carried out to sample in test chamber, it is dry that the cleaning of sample original pipe is taken out after to be tested
It takes pictures after dry, record sample original pipe corrodes rear surface situation；
S5, metallographic face is obtained, when sample original pipe is base material (11) or straight weld, sample original pipe is carried out more parts by length direction
Equal part, etc. facets as metallographic examination face；When sample original pipe is circular weld sample (21), by circular weld sample (21) In
N etc. points is carried out on length direction forms N number of button (21) subsegment；The horizontal cutting of each button (21) subsegment both ends of the surface
Upper surface after cutting is as metallographic examination face, distance of each metallographic examination face to corresponding button (21) subsegment upper surface
It is different；
Each crackle (104) on S6, label metallographic examination face.
2. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step sl,
Processing mode to outer wall (101) is by being handled after lathe smart car with sand paper polishing or blasting craft, to inner wall (103)
Processing mode be to be handled by boring, mill, blasting craft.
3. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that guarantee oxide layer
Or corrosion layer removal is clean, answers the material of removal specimen surface as much as possible, the thickness of the sample original pipe is at least small straight
The 80% of diameter thin-walled tube thickness, and inside and outside wall at most removes 1mm.
4. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that try in step s 4
The step of testing processing is as follows:
S41, sealing container, high pure nitrogen is injected into container；
Solution is then placed in the liquid dispensing container of sealing by solution needed for S42, configuration are tested, the initial pH of recording solution, to liquid
Container is passed through high pure nitrogen deoxygenation；
S43, the testing liquid that peroxide is removed in liquid dispensing container is imported in sample container, the ratio between testing liquid amount and specimen surface product
To setting range, after importing, continue to sample container deoxygenation；
S44, it is passed through hydrogen sulfide gas into sample container, is then contained using the hydrogen sulfide of solution in iodometric determination sample container
Amount, when hydrogen sulfide reaches saturation, the pH value of recording solution then turns hydrogen sulfide flow down, keep hydrogen sulfide gas be it is micro- just
Pressure, continues to off-test, when off-test in record sample container solution pH value.
5. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 5,
When sample original pipe is circular weld sample (21), distance point of the metallographic examination face to corresponding button (21) subsegment upper surface
It is not M*D/ (N+1), wherein M=1,2,3 ... N.
6. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step s 6,
Crackle (104) on the metallographic examination face of record includes the crackle (104) that sample original pipe test process rear surface bulge is formed.
7. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sample original pipe
Quantity in every group of test is 3.
8. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the gold of every former pipe
Phase check surface quantity is 3.
9. minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that take off in step s 2
Rouge is to be provided with degreasing agent in the ultrasonic cleaning agent by the way that sample original pipe to be put into supersonic cleaning machine.
10. the data obtained after pair minor diameter thin wall pipe hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) test method described in any one of claim 1-9 into
The method of row evaluation, which comprises the following steps:
S7, the direction for being parallel to sample original pipe neutral line (102) is set as the length direction of crackle (104), perpendicular to sample original
The direction of pipe neutral line (102) is the thickness direction of crackle (104), by microscope alignment crackle (104) position, for mother
Material or straight weld sample, come conversion scan visual field, obtain each crackle (104) correspondingly-sized by spinning sample original pipe, different
The perimeter of circular arc is unified using the perimeter of neutral line (102) as calculation basis where crackle (104)；
S8, single check surface cracking breakout is calculated, its calculation formula is:
Wherein a indicates the length of crackle (104), and b indicates the thickness of crackle (104), for base material or straight weld, L representing sample
The perimeter of former pipe neutral line (102), T representing sample original thickness of pipe wall；For girth joint sample L representing sample original pipe check surface 212
Length, the width Chong Die with steel pipe unilateral side wall of T representing sample check surface 212.
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