CN110453171B - Amorphous coating, substrate with amorphous coating and preparation process of substrate - Google Patents
Amorphous coating, substrate with amorphous coating and preparation process of substrate Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/04—Amorphous alloys with nickel or cobalt as the major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
Abstract
The invention discloses an amorphous coating, a substrate with the coating and a preparation process of the substrate, and belongs to the technical field of coating preparation. The coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent. A metal intermediate layer is arranged between the substrate and the coating, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be increased. The process comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing a substrate and carrying out pretreatment; secondly, weighing and pretreating metal powder for the middle layer and metal powder for the coating; thirdly, preparing a metal intermediate layer; and fourthly, preparing a coating. The process can effectively increase the amorphous phase content and the bonding strength of the coating and improve the comprehensive performance of the coating when preparing a large-area amorphous coating through reasonable process design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coating preparation, and particularly relates to an amorphous coating, a substrate with the amorphous coating and a preparation process of the amorphous coating.
Background
The supersonic flame spraying is a new type of hot spraying technology, the core of the equipment is a spray gun, which is composed of three parts, namely a combustion chamber (making the particles of the spraying material fully heated and accelerated), a Laval nozzle (accelerating the flame flow to supersonic speed) and a long spray pipe with uniform cross section (making the particles of the spraying material fully heated and accelerated). The working principle is as follows: various fuel gases enter the combustion chamber to be mixed with oxygen and then ignited to generate strong gas phase reaction, the gas is violently expanded by the heat energy released by combustion, and the expanded gas is restricted by the nozzle to form supersonic high-temperature flame flow when flowing through the Laval nozzle. The flame flow can heat and accelerate the spraying material to the surface of the substrate at a speed of 300-500m/s or even higher, thereby obtaining a compact high-quality coating with high bonding strength.
The amorphous alloy is a material with extremely high hardness, which is closely related to the components thereof and can generally reach 1400 HV; because the microstructure is disordered, the wear-resistant steel has high strength, good toughness and high wear resistance, prolongs the fatigue life, and is widely applied to the actual production of wear-resistant materials such as turbines, cutters and the like. Secondly, the amorphous alloy has no crystal grains and crystal boundaries, so that the defects of dislocation, stacking faults and the like do not exist, and the chemical composition is uniform. The coating is prepared into a coating form, so that a dense passive film can be formed on the surface of the material, and the material has excellent anti-corrosion performance.
The supersonic flame spraying technology has higher flame flow speed and relatively lower flame flow temperature, can inhibit the oxidation of the coating, and therefore has higher content of amorphous phase when being used for preparing amorphous coatings. However, when the existing supersonic flame spraying technology is used for preparing amorphous coatings, the existing supersonic flame spraying technology is generally used for some workpieces with small spraying areas, the bonding area of the coatings and a substrate is small, and the bonding of the coatings is relatively simple. However, if the amorphous coating needs to be prepared on a substrate with a large spraying area, because the spraying area is large, the prior art lacks sufficient research on the conversion and formation between amorphous and crystalline states in the spraying process, and the bonding area between the coating and the substrate is large, the bonding between the coating and the substrate is relatively difficult, under the condition of ensuring the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate, the amorphous phase content of the prepared large-area amorphous coating is often low and is usually below 80%, and if the amorphous phase content of the coating is improved by changing the spraying process parameters and the coating components, the bonding of the large-area amorphous coating is relatively difficult, and the preparation is difficult to succeed.
Such as Chinese patentThe application numbers are: CN201710827164.5, published date: patent literature 3/6/2018 discloses an aluminum-based amorphous coating with low porosity and high amorphousness, and a preparation device and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of amorphous alloy coatings. The aluminum-based amorphous-nanocrystalline alloy coating is prepared by adopting an aluminum-based amorphous alloy component system (Al-TM-RE) and the powder particle size of 5-25 mu m and adopting a supersonic flame spraying technology, so that the cooling rate of high-speed liquid flow in the spraying process after colliding with a substrate is improved, the obtained coating has the characteristics of high wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the amorphous degree exceeds 85%, the coating thickness is 100 mu m-250 mu m, the porosity is less than or equal to 0.5%, the bonding strength is more than or equal to 40MPa, and meanwhile, the abrasion loss is less than or equal to 0.25mm within 5000s3The coating hardness is more than or equal to 350HV, and the pitting potential in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution is more than or equal to-0.3 VSCE, so that the coating has strong local corrosion resistance.
Also, for example, the Chinese patent application number is: CN201910540354.8, published date: the patent literature of 2019, 8 and 20 discloses a supersonic flame spraying system and a preparation method of a high-quality iron-based amorphous coating, wherein the preparation method comprises a supersonic flame spray gun and air cooling equipment, and the air cooling equipment comprises a base, a cooling table and a storage tank; the cooling table is of a hollow structure with a cavity inside, a plurality of air outlet holes communicated with the cavity inside the cooling table are formed in the cooling table, the storage tank is communicated with the cavity inside the cooling table through an air inlet pipe, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe, and a temperature sensor is further arranged on the cooling table and used for monitoring spraying temperature; when the high-quality iron-based amorphous coating is prepared, the temperature of the substrate in the spraying process is monitored in real time through the temperature sensor, the flow of cooling gas introduced into the cooling table is controlled through the electromagnetic valve, the temperature of the substrate in the spraying process is accurately adjusted, the amorphous coating with high density and amorphous content is obtained, the spraying efficiency is greatly improved, and the high-quality iron-based amorphous coating can be effectively prepared.
In both of the two schemes, the coating with high amorphous phase content is prepared by a supersonic flame spraying technology, but the base bodies of the two schemes are substrates with small spraying areas, and when the two technologies are applied to the preparation of large-area amorphous coatings, the coating with high amorphous phase content is difficult to ensure, and the problem cannot be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem that the amorphous phase content and the bonding strength of the coating are not high when the existing supersonic flame spraying technology is used for preparing a large-area amorphous coating, the invention provides the preparation process of the amorphous coating, and through reasonable process design, the amorphous phase content and the bonding strength of the coating can be effectively increased when the large-area amorphous coating is prepared, and the comprehensive performance of the coating is improved.
The invention also provides an amorphous coating and a substrate with the coating, the preparation process is adopted to prepare the large-area amorphous coating on the substrate, the prepared coating has high amorphous phase content, high bonding strength with the substrate and better comprehensive performance, and the coating plays a role in protecting the substrate.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
An amorphous coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent.
A basal body with an amorphous coating comprises a basal body and an amorphous coating covered on the surface of the basal body, wherein the amorphous coating is the amorphous coating; and a metal intermediate layer is arranged between the substrate and the amorphous coating.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the metal intermediate layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 to 40 percent; ni: 60 to 80 percent.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the amorphous coating is prepared by a supersonic flame spraying process.
A preparation process of the substrate with the amorphous coating comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a matrix, and sequentially cleaning and roughening the matrix;
weighing metal powder for the middle layer and metal powder for the coating, separately and mechanically mixing the two groups of metal powder, processing the powder by adopting a gas atomization method after uniformly mixing, and then sequentially drying, granulating and screening;
thirdly, spraying a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the matrix by adopting the treated metal powder for the intermediate layer through supersonic flame spraying equipment;
fourthly, spraying an amorphous coating on the intermediate layer by adopting the treated alloy powder for the coating through supersonic flame spraying equipment, wherein the amorphous coating is the amorphous coating in the claim 1.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the amorphous phase ratio of the amorphous coating prepared in the step four is not less than 90%.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step and the fourth step, oxygen, propane and air are used as fuel gas used by spraying equipment, wherein the oxygen pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the propane pressure is 0.6-0.8MPa, the air pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the oxygen flow is 400-50L/min, the propane flow is 30-50L/min, and the air flow is 200-400L/min.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step and the fourth step, the spraying distance is 200-.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, the metal powder for the intermediate layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 to 40 percent; ni: 60-80%, and the components and the mass percentages of the metal powder for the coating are as follows: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the substrate is an aluminum alloy.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the amorphous coating, the amorphous content of the finally formed coating can be greatly improved through reasonable component selection and proportion, so that the performances of the coating such as wear resistance, hardness and the like are effectively improved;
(2) the substrate coated with the amorphous coating is sprayed on the substrate by adopting a supersonic flame spraying process, the wear resistance and hardness of the coating are good, meanwhile, a metal intermediate layer is sprayed between the coating and the substrate, and the roughness of the surface of the substrate can be in a proper range of Ra2.5-13 mu m by the metal intermediate layer, so that the binding force between the substrate and the coating is effectively improved, particularly when a large-area amorphous coating is sprayed, the binding strength of the coating and the substrate can be well ensured by the metal intermediate layer, and good spraying conditions are provided for preparing the large-area amorphous coating;
(3) the invention relates to a preparation process of a substrate with an amorphous coating, which adopts a supersonic spraying process to prepare a large-area amorphous coating, improves the amorphous phase content of the coating by reasonably designing the chemical components and the proportion of the prepared coating, can improve the bonding strength between the substrate and the coating by spraying a Ni-Cr metal intermediate layer with a reasonable proportion on the substrate, combines the substrate and the coating, and is matched with unique spraying process parameters to complete the preparation of the large-area amorphous coating, wherein the amorphous phase content of the coating is higher than 90%, and the wear resistance and the hardness are both good.
Detailed Description
The amorphous alloy has high strength, good toughness and high wear resistance due to the unique microstructure, and the whole chemical composition is relatively uniform. Therefore, in the prior art, the amorphous alloy is prepared into a coating form on the surface of a workpiece, so that an oxide film with high hardness and high wear resistance is formed on the surface of the workpiece, and the workpiece has excellent corrosion resistance. When the amorphous coating is prepared, the excellent performance of the coating is mainly derived from the special structure of the amorphous phase, so that the structural performance of the amorphous coating can be effectively improved by increasing the content of the amorphous phase. In the existing spraying process, the supersonic flame spraying technology can inhibit the oxidation of the coating due to the high flame flow speed and the relatively low flame flow temperature, and when the supersonic flame spraying technology is used for preparing the amorphous coating, the amorphous phase content of the prepared coating is high, so the amorphous coating is often prepared by adopting the process in the prior art.
However, when the existing supersonic flame spraying technology is used for preparing an amorphous coating, the amorphous coating is usually prepared on a substrate with a small spraying area, and when the amorphous coating is sprayed, the spraying area is small, the spraying time is short, and the coating and the substrate are combined easily, so that the amorphous phase content of the coating can be in a high state while the bonding strength is ensured. However, when the coating needs to be prepared on a substrate with a large spraying area, the spraying gun needs to move back and forth to spray the substrate in order to ensure the uniform thickness of the coating due to the large spraying area, which results in a long spraying time and increases the difficulty in bonding the substrate and the coating. The inventor finds in experiments that when the coating is prepared by using the existing supersonic flame spraying process, the amorphous phase content of the formed coating is relatively low under the condition that the coating can be well combined with a matrix and formed, particularly for a nickel-based coating, the amorphous phase content is generally below 80%, because compared with an iron-based coating, the metal grain refinement difficulty of the nickel-based coating in the preparation process is high, and therefore, the high-content amorphous nickel-based coating is difficult to prepare. Therefore, in order to increase the amorphous phase content of the formed coating, the chemical composition and the treatment process of the coating need to be adjusted, and the metal powder with high amorphous forming capability is used as the spraying raw material, but in this case, the conventional process is difficult to prepare and form the adjusted metal powder on the substrate, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is obviously reduced, so that the structural property of the formed coating cannot reach the ideal expectation, and the metal elements in the substrate can diffuse into the coating due to high temperature in the spraying process, thereby further influencing various properties of the coating. In summary, it is difficult to prepare large-area high amorphous content coatings on substrates in the prior art.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a solution for the preparation process of the substrate with the amorphous coating, and the preparation process comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, preparing a substrate, and sequentially cleaning and roughening the substrate. Specifically, the substrate is various metal substrates such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy and the like, the aluminum alloy is taken as an example for the experiment, the aluminum alloy is not limited to the aluminum alloy, and for the convenience of the experiment, the substrate is a plate-shaped or block-shaped substrate with a large spraying area.
The cleaning process comprises the following steps: firstly, washing off stains on the surface of the substrate by using clean water, primarily cleaning the substrate, then adopting alcohol as cleaning liquid, putting the substrate into an ultrasonic cleaner for deep cleaning for 20min, and ensuring the cleanliness of the surface of the substrate.
The coarsening process comprises the following steps: firstly, drying the cleaned surface of the substrate by blowing, and then blasting the surface of the substrate by adopting Al2O3 powder to increase the roughness of the surface of the substrate.
Weighing metal powder for the middle layer and metal powder for the coating, respectively and independently placing the two groups of metal powder into a ball mill for mechanical mixing for 6-10 hours, uniformly mixing, treating the powder by adopting a gas atomization method to improve the amorphous forming capacity of the metal powder, then drying and granulating the treated metal powder by utilizing a centrifugal spray dryer, screening the granulated metal powder by a vibrating screen, and screening the powder with the particle size of about 300 meshes to be used as a spraying raw material. The metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 to 40 percent; ni: 60 to 80 percent; the metal powder for the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent.
Thirdly, spraying a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the substrate by adopting the treated metal powder for the intermediate layer through supersonic flame spraying equipment, wherein the metal intermediate layer is a single-layer coating with the thickness of 0.08-0.12mm, and the metal intermediate layer comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 to 40 percent; ni: 60 to 80 percent.
When the substrate is coarsened, the surface roughness of the substrate is not easy to be well controlled in a range suitable for spraying a coating, and the subsequent preparation of the amorphous coating is influenced by too high or too low of the surface roughness. And by spraying a layer of metal intermediate layer on the surface of the substrate and controlling the raw materials and spraying process parameters of the sprayed intermediate layer, the roughness of the surface of the intermediate layer can be well controlled to Ra2.5-13 um, the bonding strength of the subsequent coating in spraying is improved, and the generation of gaps formed by amorphous powder is avoided, so that the coating has high density and low porosity, and the composite coating with a compact structure is obtained.
The chemical components adopt Ni-Cr alloy powder as a spraying material, on one hand, the Ni-Cr alloy powder has good compatibility with an aluminum alloy matrix and can be well adhered to the surface of the matrix, and on the other hand, Cr can be dissolved in Ni at high temperature to form a solid solution, so that the bonding strength between the nickel-based alloy coating and the matrix is increased.
In addition, the inventors have experimentally found that when the Cr content is in the range of 20 to 40%, it is possible to form dense Cr having good adhesion on the surface of the metal interlayer3O2The nickel-based coating has good adhesion and uniform distribution, and can keep a stable structural state in a high-temperature environment, thereby providing help for the spraying and combination of a subsequent nickel-based coating. And the coating can prevent alloy elements in the matrix from diffusing outwards, prevent the alloy elements in the matrix from entering the coating to reduce the content of an amorphous phase of the coating, prevent oxygen elements in the air from diffusing into the matrix and play a good role in protecting the matrix. Wherein 20% is the optimum ratio of Cr, at which ratio Cr is formed3O2The effect of (2) is optimal.
Fourthly, spraying the well-treated alloy powder for the coating on the middle layer back and forth through supersonic flame spraying equipment to form 10 layers of nickel-based amorphous coatings, wherein the total thickness is 0.2-0.3 mm, and the amorphous coatings comprise the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent.
In the composition of the metal powder raw material for spraying the nickel-based amorphous coating, the Ni element has obvious amorphous forming capability; zr has the capacity of promoting glass transition by combining with Ni so as to form amorphous alloy; the metalloid element Si has the effects of deoxidation and solid solution strengthening, so that the structure property of the coating is improved, and the corrosion resistance and the oxidation resistance of the coating can be improved; the change of the atomic size is more continuous by adding Nb, the stacking density of an amorphous phase is further improved, the coating has better mechanical property, and the thermal stability is enhanced along with the change. The proportion of each element is an optimal range value obtained by the inventor through a large number of experiments, and the amorphous coating can be well combined on the substrate by matching with corresponding spraying process parameters and the action of the intermediate metal layer, and meanwhile, the content of the amorphous phase is ensured to be higher than 90 percent, so that the coating with high hardness and high wear resistance and uniform chemical components is obtained.
The spraying technological parameters for preparing the metal intermediate layer and the amorphous coating are basically consistent, and oxygen, propane and air are used as fuel gas used by spraying equipment, wherein the oxygen pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the propane pressure is 0.6-0.8MPa, the air pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the oxygen flow is 400-50L/min, the propane flow is 30-50L/min, and the air flow is 200-400L/min. The spraying distance between the spray gun and the spraying surface is 200-250mm, the powder feeding speed is 20-40g/min, the back-and-forth movement speed of the spray gun is 400-520mm/s, and the spraying temperature is 2900-3100 ℃.
The amorphous phase content of the large-area amorphous coating prepared by the steps is basically higher than 90%, the bonding strength of the coating is higher than 50MPa, the hardness is higher than 200HV, the porosity is less than or equal to 1%, and the using effect is excellent.
In conclusion, by reasonably designing the components and the proportion of the metal powder for preparing the coating and carrying out corresponding pretreatment on the metal powder, the amorphous phase content of the finally formed large-area amorphous coating can be effectively improved. The unique metal intermediate layer is prepared, so that the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate can be improved, and the substrate and the coating are respectively protected. The two materials work in a matching way, and a large-area amorphous coating with high bonding strength and excellent mechanical property and a substrate with the coating can be obtained through reasonable setting of spraying process parameters, so that the using effect is excellent. The coating comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1-8%, the specific mass percentage is determined by the components and mass percentage of the metal powder weighed when the coating is prepared, and generally, the chemical components and mass percentage of the prepared coating are consistent with those of the metal powder weighed when the coating is prepared.
Specific example data is given below.
Example 1
The matrix is aluminum alloy, and the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 30 percent; ni: 70 percent, and the metal powder for the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 52 percent; zr: 37 percent; nb: 8 percent; si: 3 percent.
Oxygen pressure 0.8MPa, propane pressure 0.7MPa, air pressure 0.7MPa, oxygen flow 500L/min, propane flow 42L/min, air flow 375L/min, spraying distance 210mm, powder feeding speed 24g/min, spray gun moving speed: the spraying temperature of 500mm/s is 3000 ℃.
Multiple experiments are carried out under the experimental conditions, and the average amorphous phase content of the finally obtained large-area amorphous coating is 95.3%, and the hardness is 552 HV.
Example 2
The matrix is aluminum alloy, and the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 percent; ni: 80 percent, and the metal powder for the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 60 percent; zr: 20 percent; nb: 15 percent; si: 5 percent.
Oxygen pressure 0.5MPa, propane pressure 0.8MPa, air pressure 1.0MPa, oxygen flow 400L/min, propane flow 50L/min, air flow 400L/min, spraying distance 250mm, powder feeding speed 40g/min, spray gun moving speed: the spraying temperature of 520mm/s is 3000 ℃.
Multiple experiments are carried out under the experimental conditions, and the average amorphous phase content of the finally obtained large-area amorphous coating is 92.4%, and the hardness is 531 HV.
Example 3
The matrix is aluminum alloy, and the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 40 percent; ni: 60 percent, and the metal powder for the coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni: 45 percent; zr: 40 percent; nb: 7 percent; si: 8 percent.
Oxygen pressure 1.0MPa, propane pressure 0.6MPa, air pressure 0.5MPa, oxygen flow 600L/min, propane flow 30L/min, air flow 200L/min, spraying distance 200mm, powder feeding speed 20g/min, spray gun moving speed: the spray temperature of 470mm/s is 3000 ℃.
Multiple experiments are carried out under the experimental conditions, and the average amorphous phase content of the finally obtained large-area amorphous coating is 90.4%, and the hardness is 476 HV.
Example 4
The matrix is aluminum alloy, and the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 percent; ni: 90 percent, and the components and the mass percent of the metal powder for the coating are as follows: ni: 56 percent; zr: 37 percent; nb: 2 percent; si: 5 percent.
Oxygen pressure 0.8MPa, propane pressure 0.8MPa, air pressure 0.8MPa, oxygen flow 400L/min, propane flow 35L/min, air flow 200L/min, spraying distance 220mm, powder feeding speed 27g/min, spray gun moving speed: the spraying temperature of 400mm/s is 2900 ℃.
Multiple experiments are carried out under the experimental conditions, and the average amorphous phase content of the finally obtained large-area amorphous coating is 91.2%, and the hardness is 506 HV.
Example 5
The matrix is aluminum alloy, and the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 percent; ni: 90 percent, and the components and the mass percent of the metal powder for the coating are as follows: ni: 52 percent; zr: 37 percent; nb: 10 percent; si: 1 percent.
Oxygen pressure 0.8MPa, propane pressure 0.7MPa, air pressure 0.9MPa, oxygen flow 530L/min, propane flow 49L/min, air flow 360L/min, spraying distance 250mm, powder feeding speed 37g/min, spray gun moving speed: the spraying temperature of 520mm/s is 3100 ℃.
Multiple experiments are carried out under the experimental conditions, and the average amorphous phase content of the finally obtained large-area amorphous coating is 92.4%, and the hardness is 504 HV.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation process for preparing an amorphous coating on a substrate comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a matrix, and sequentially cleaning and roughening the matrix;
weighing metal powder for the middle layer and metal powder for the coating, separately and mechanically mixing the two groups of metal powder, processing the powder by adopting a gas atomization method after uniformly mixing, and then sequentially drying, granulating and screening;
thirdly, spraying a metal intermediate layer on the surface of the matrix by adopting the treated metal powder for the intermediate layer through supersonic flame spraying equipment;
fourthly, spraying the amorphous coating on the intermediate layer by adopting the treated metal powder for the coating through supersonic flame spraying equipment;
in the second step, the metal powder for the middle layer comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cr: 20 to 40 percent; ni: 60-80%, and the components and the mass percentages of the metal powder for the coating are as follows: ni: 40-60 percent; zr: 20 to 40 percent; nb: 2 to 15 percent; si: 1 to 8 percent;
the amorphous phase ratio of the amorphous coating prepared in the fourth step is not less than 90%;
in the third step and the fourth step, oxygen, propane and air are used as fuel gas used by spraying equipment, wherein the oxygen pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the propane pressure is 0.6-0.8MPa, the air pressure is 0.5-1.0MPa, the oxygen flow is 400-600L/min, the propane flow is 30-50L/min, and the air flow is 200-400L/min;
the substrate is aluminum alloy.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the amorphous coating on the substrate comprises: in the third step and the fourth step, the spraying distance is 250mm, the powder feeding speed is 20-40g/min, the moving speed of the spray gun is 400-520mm/s, and the spraying temperature is 2900-3100 ℃.
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