CN110450259B - Preparation method of straw phase-change plate - Google Patents
Preparation method of straw phase-change plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110450259B CN110450259B CN201910716353.4A CN201910716353A CN110450259B CN 110450259 B CN110450259 B CN 110450259B CN 201910716353 A CN201910716353 A CN 201910716353A CN 110450259 B CN110450259 B CN 110450259B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/002—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres characterised by the type of binder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/02—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
- B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
- B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
- B27N3/10—Moulding of mats
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a straw phase-change plate. The board takes environment-friendly and reproducible crop straws as raw materials, a phase-change material is loaded and packaged by utilizing a large number of micropores in the straws, and the board is molded with inorganic binder magnesium oxychloride cement to obtain the straw board, the preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and the pretreatment of the straws is respectively carried out (1); (2) ultrasonic fine emulsification of the organic phase-change material; (3) loading and packaging the organic phase-change material on the straws; (4) and (5) compression molding of the straw board. The apparent density of the straw phase-change plate is less than or equal to 250 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is less than or equal to 0.06W/(m.K), the phase transformation heat can reach 108.8J/g, and the heat insulation building material has good application prospect in the field of heat insulation building materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of heat-storage and heat-preservation straw plates, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a straw phase-change plate.
Background
The proportion of the building energy consumption in the whole human energy consumption is up to more than 30 percent, and the development of novel building materials with energy conservation, emission reduction and low-carbon economy is not slow.
The straw is an important biomass resource in an agricultural production system, the straw resource in China is very rich, and the theoretical resource amount per year exceeds 10 hundred million tons. The straw has excellent building performance, and plant fibers such as straw and the like are used as building materials in the history of human construction, and have the excellent performances of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound absorption, toughness and energy conservation. The prior research shows that the heat insulation performance of the straw brick wall is the best, the heat conductivity coefficient of the straw is only 3% of that of concrete, the heat insulation coefficient of the wallboard with the thickness of 200 mm is 4 times higher than that of the clay brick wall with the thickness of 370 mm, and the heating heat consumption and the cost are reduced by 4 times. The mass of the straw brick or straw wallboard is about 20-25% of that of the clay brick wall, and the manufacturing cost is only 70% of that of the clay brick wall. Therefore, the development of novel energy-saving and environment-friendly building materials using straws as raw materials has important economic value and social value.
The heat insulation and storage performance of the phase-change energy storage building material responds to outdoor temperature change to generate proper attenuation and delay effects, and the phase-change energy storage building material is expected to enable the room temperature to be in a human body comfortable temperature area without heating or air conditioning. The novel material of the phase-change straw plate is prepared by superposing the excellent heat preservation, heat insulation and sound absorption performances of the straw and the advantages of the phase-change material, and the wall material is expected to become an intelligent material, so that the ultimate goal of a building, namely 'ideal energy-saving building' is realized.
CN 103555280A discloses an organic phase-change heat storage material and a production method thereof, and the steps of the method comprise the steps of preparation of organic phase-change material emulsion, preparation of the organic phase-change heat storage material and the like. The invention effectively solves the problems of dispersion and compatibility of the organic phase-change material in the phosphogypsum, but can not solve the problem of compounding the organic phase-change material and the straw, and firstly, the technology adopts a common emulsification technology and needs a large amount of emulsifier to stabilize the emulsion; secondly, the sizes of the droplets of the common emulsion are generally distributed widely, which is not favorable for the phase-change material to generate stable and rapid phase-change response when the external temperature changes; thirdly, large emulsion liquid drops are difficult to enter straw micropores to be loaded by the straws.
CN109336500A discloses a phase change heat storage thermal insulation mortar for building walls, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 10-30 parts of paraffin/porous activated carbon-urea resin phase change microcapsules, 60-80 parts of cement, 160 parts of sand 120-containing materials, 5-10 parts of modified starch, 3-6 parts of plant fibers, 2-4 parts of redispersible latex powder, 1-3 parts of cellulose ether, 2-5 parts of a water reducing agent and 0.5-1.5 parts of a coupling agent. However, the phase-change material of the invention needs to be mixed with mortar after encapsulation, and the preparation process is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a straw phase-change plate, the plate takes paraffin as a phase-change material, the paraffin forms nano-scale particles by a fine emulsification method, the paraffin is loaded by utilizing the micropore confinement effect of the straw, and the paraffin is encapsulated by adopting polymer emulsion.
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
step 1, straw pretreatment
Drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, chopping the straws by a hay cutter, and sieving the straws by a standard sieve of 10mm to obtain straw powder;
Adding solid paraffin into an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until the paraffin is molten, stirring and pre-emulsifying for 0.5h, performing ultrasonic fine emulsification for 5-20 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument to obtain a paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain a phase-change mixed solution;
step 3, loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw
Uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquid obtained in the step (2) with straw powder in a mixer, and airing at room temperature;
step 4, compression molding of straw board
Magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binding agent of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding.
The improvement is that the polymer emulsion in the step 2 is one of pure acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion or silicone-acrylic emulsion.
The improvement is that in the phase change mixed liquid in the step 2, paraffin, sodium dodecyl sulfate and H are contained2The mass ratio of the O to the polymer emulsion is 1: 0.005-0.02: 3-10: 0.02-0.1.
The improvement is that the mass ratio of the straw powder to the phase-change mixed liquid in the step 3 is 1: 2-5.
The improvement is that the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the straws in the step 4 is 0.05-0.2: 1.
The preparation principle is as follows: the paraffin is dispersed into nano-scale particles by an ultrasonic fine emulsification method, and the surface of the nano-scale particles is wrapped by a surfactant, so that the nano-scale particles can easily enter straw micropores to be loaded; the polymer emulsion can form a film at normal temperature, and the paraffin is wrapped and packaged, so that the paraffin phase change liquid can be prevented from leaking; magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the straws, and the straws loaded with paraffin are pressed into boards through pressure forming.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) the organic phase change material paraffin is dispersed into nano-scale particles innovatively by an ultrasonic fine emulsification method, the paraffin particles are coated by a surfactant, the hydrophilicity is enhanced, and the organic phase change material paraffin can enter straw micropores and is loaded; (2) the paraffin particles are nano-scale, the heat transmission distance in the particles is short, the particle size distribution of the paraffin particles is uniform, and quick phase change response can be generated to the external temperature change; (3) the phase change material loaded in the straw micropores is packaged by utilizing the good room temperature film forming property of the polymer emulsion, so that the leakage of the phase change liquid can be effectively prevented, and the waterproof property of the straw can be improved; (4) magnesium oxychloride cement with good binding performance with straws is used as a straw binder, and a straw plate is obtained through pressure forming.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curves of pure paraffin and the straw phase-change board prepared in example 2, wherein (a) is the pure paraffin and (b) is the straw phase-change board prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain phase-change mixed solution, wherein the paraffin in the phase-change mixed solution is sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.01:5: 0.04;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.1: 1.
The surface density of the straw board is obtained by measuring the mass and the volume and calculating, the heat conductivity coefficient of the straw board is measured by a heat conductivity coefficient tester, the latent heat of the straw phase-change board is measured by a differential scanning calorimetry method, and the microscopic appearance of the board is observed by a scanning electron microscope.
The apparent density of the prepared straw board is 239.2 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.056W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 84.7J/g, and the appearance of the plate is not obviously changed after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles through observation of a scanning electron microscope.
Example 2
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase-change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5h, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min with ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin miniemulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer into the paraffin miniemulsionEmulsion to obtain phase-change mixed liquor, in the phase-change mixed liquor paraffin wax, sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.02:3: 0.04;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.1: 1.
The testing method is the same as that in example 1, and the apparent density of the prepared straw board is 240.4 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.049W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 108.8J/g, and the appearance of the plate is not obviously changed after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles through observation of a scanning electron microscope.
Example 3
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase-change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain phase-change mixed solution, wherein the paraffin in the phase-change mixed solution is sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.005:10: 0.04;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.1: 1.
The testing method is the same as that in example 1, and the apparent density of the prepared straw board is 243.5 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.051W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 50.2J/g, and the appearance of the plate is not obviously changed after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles through the observation of a scanning electron microscope.
Example 4
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase-change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain phase-change mixed solution, wherein the paraffin in the phase-change mixed solution is sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.02:3: 0.02;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.1: 1.
The testing method is the same as that in example 1, and the apparent density of the prepared straw board is 238.8 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.046W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 109.2J/g, and the appearance of the plate is observed by a scanning electron microscope after 10 times of freeze-thaw cycles, so that part of paraffin leaks from the polymer film and is aggregated into large-particle-size paraffin particles.
Example 5
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase-change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain phase-change mixed solution, wherein the paraffin in the phase-change mixed solution is sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.02:3: 0.04;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.2: 1.
The testing method is the same as that of example 1, and the apparent density of the prepared straw board is 278.9 kg/m3The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.066W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 86.3J/g, and the appearance of the plate is not obviously changed after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles through observation of a scanning electron microscope.
Example 6
A preparation method of a straw phase-change plate comprises the following steps:
(1) straw pretreatment: drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, cutting the straws into pieces by a hay cutter, and sieving the cut straws by a standard sieve of 10 mm;
(2) loading and packaging of the phase-change material: adding solid paraffin into aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until paraffin is melted, stirring for pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 10 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruptor to obtain paraffin fine emulsion, and adding a certain amount of polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain phase-change mixed solution, wherein the paraffin in the phase-change mixed solution is sodium dodecyl sulfate and H2The mass ratio of O to the polymer emulsion is 1:0.02:3: 0.04;
(3) loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw: uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquor obtained in the step (2) with straws in a mixer, and airing at room temperature to obtain phase-change straws, wherein the mass ratio of the straws to the phase-change mixed liquor is 1: 4;
(4) compression molding of the straw board: magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the phase-change straw is 0.05: 1.
The testing method is the same as that of example 1, and the apparent density of the prepared straw board is 228.3 kg/m3The plate is difficult to form, the heat conductivity coefficient is 0.045W/(m.K), the latent heat of the phase change shaping plate is 117.8J/g, and the appearance of the plate is not obviously changed after 100 times of freeze-thaw cycles through observation of a scanning electron microscope.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The preparation method of the straw phase-change plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, straw pretreatment
Drying the straws until the moisture content is below 5%, chopping the straws by a hay cutter, and sieving the straws by a standard sieve of 10mm to obtain straw powder;
step 2, loading and packaging the phase-change material
Adding solid paraffin into an aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate, heating until the paraffin is molten, stirring and pre-emulsifying for 0.5H, then ultrasonically finely emulsifying for 5-20 min by using an ultrasonic cell disruption instrument to obtain a paraffin fine emulsion, and then adding a polymer emulsion into the paraffin fine emulsion to obtain a phase-change mixed solution, wherein paraffin, sodium dodecyl sulfate and H in the phase-change mixed solution2The mass ratio of the O to the polymer emulsion is 1: 0.005-0.02: 3-10: 0.02-0.1;
step 3, loading and packaging the phase-change material on the straw
Uniformly mixing the phase-change mixed liquid obtained in the step 2 with straw powder in a mixer, and drying at room temperature, wherein the mass ratio of the straw powder to the phase-change mixed liquid is 1: 2-5;
step 4, compression molding of straw board
Magnesium oxychloride cement is used as a binder of the phase-change straw, and the straw phase-change board is prepared by compression molding, wherein the mass ratio of the magnesium oxychloride cement to the straw is 0.05-0.2: 1.
2. The method for preparing the straw phase-change plate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polymer emulsion in the step 2 is one of pure acrylic emulsion, styrene-acrylic emulsion or silicone-acrylic emulsion.
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| CN111534071A (en) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-08-14 | 江苏中恒宠物用品股份有限公司 | Straw/polylactic acid composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113149528A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 河南省宜居建材科技有限公司 | Novel condensed phase-change thermal insulation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113403038B (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2022-02-01 | 山东理工大学 | Preparation method of composite phase change energy storage material based on straw waste |
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