CN110444228B - Short wave receiving method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a short wave receiving method and a system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: receiving multiple paths of branch line short wave signals, and selecting one path of branch line short wave signal as a reference signal based on short-time energy variance; processing the branch line short wave signals based on the P.563 standard to obtain a signal feature set, and giving corresponding weights to the branch line short wave signals; determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals; and calculating to obtain a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be combined and the corresponding weight. The system is used for executing the method. The method is based on the short-time energy variance, and can select the branch line short wave signal with stable transmission as a reference signal; processing branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a high-quality signal feature set; determining branch line short wave signals based on the characteristic similarity, and selecting the branch line short wave signals to serve as a basis for calculation; and the comprehensive received signal is obtained by calculation, so that the received signal can be reasonably calculated, and the error is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication signal processing, in particular to a short wave receiving method and a short wave receiving system.
Background
The short wave has outstanding advantages in remote voice communication, has the characteristics of strong maneuverability, convenient erection, strong survivability, quick network reconstruction and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of military affairs, oceans, disaster relief and the like.
In a short-wave communication system, because of the rapid change of an ionized layer and the influence of a multipath effect, the level of a receiving signal at a receiving end continuously fluctuates and changes, so that a signal fading phenomenon is caused. Diversity reception can effectively combat such channel fading. If a sending end sends a path of signal, and the propagation path of the signal can have various conditions, then a receiving end can receive multiple irrelevant or less relevant information copies of the same signal, and the signal strength is equivalent, and the signals cannot encounter deep fading at the same time, then diversity combination of the signals is carried out at the receiving end, and the influence of the deep fading on the signal of a single path can be avoided. The diversity method may be divided according to the combining mode at the receiving end, and may be divided into: selection Diversity Combining (SDC), equal gain diversity combining (EGC), maximum diversity combining (MRC).
The selection diversity combination refers to detecting signals of all diversity branches to select the branch signal with the highest signal-to-noise ratio as the output of the combiner, the method is simple and easy to realize, but the anti-fading effect is poor because the unselected branch signals are discarded; equal gain diversity combining does not need to weight signals, and the signals of each branch are added by equal gain, so that the method is simple to realize and the performance of the method is close to the maximum ratio combining; the maximal ratio combining is an optimal combining mode, which carries out in-phase weighted combining on a plurality of paths of signals, the weight is determined by the ratio of the signal power corresponding to each branch signal to the noise power, the output SNR of the maximal ratio combining is equal to the sum of the SNR of each path, and even if all the paths of signals are poor so that no path of signal can be demodulated independently, the maximal ratio combining still has the possibility of synthesizing a signal which can be demodulated and meets the requirement of the SNR.
Maximal ratio combining is the best proportional addition or the squared ratio addition of multiple signals, the coefficient depending on the signal-to-noise ratio. The larger the signal-to-noise ratio, the larger the combined contribution, and the smaller the signal-to-noise ratio, the smaller the combined contribution. When the weighting coefficients are properly selected, the largest signal-to-noise ratio output can be obtained. However, in practical applications, due to the complexity of the short-wave communication channel, the multipath delay interference is very serious, the snr estimation is not only highly complex but also very low in precision, and in the conventional snr estimation method in the gaussian white noise channel, if the snr estimation is performed in the short-wave communication channel, the calculation error is usually about ± 4dB, and the snr weighting cannot play a good weighting gain role in the maximum ratio combining due to the error.
Disclosure of Invention
Embodiments of the present invention aim to address, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a short wave receiving method and system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a short wave receiving method, including: receiving multiple paths of branch line short wave signals, and selecting one path of branch line short wave signal as a reference signal based on short-time energy variance; processing the branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a signal feature set, and giving the branch line short wave signals a corresponding weight; determining branch line shortwave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals; and calculating to obtain a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be combined and the corresponding weight.
Preferably, obtaining the short-time energy variance comprises: dividing a short wave signal into a plurality of subframes, calculating the energy value of a single subframe, the energy mean value of the subframe and a corresponding energy variance sequence, and marking the energy variance sequence as a short-time average energy variance; correspondingly, one branch line short wave signal is selected as a reference signal according to the dispersion of the energy variance sequence.
Preferably, the processing the spur short wave signal based on the p.563 standard includes: selecting a plurality of distortion characteristic parameters from the P.563 standard, processing the branch line short wave signal to obtain a high-order statistical characteristic vector corresponding to the distortion characteristic parameters, marking the high-order statistical characteristic vector of the reference signal as a reference characteristic set, and using other high-order statistical characteristic vectors as non-reference characteristic sets.
Preferably, the giving the weight value corresponding to the branch line short wave signal includes: and giving corresponding weights to the other branch line short wave signals according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the reference signal and the other branch line short wave signals.
Preferably, the determining the branch shortwave signals to be combined based on the feature similarity of the non-reference signal and the reference signal comprises: calculating the score value of the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signal and the reference signal based on the Euclidean distance, and determining the branch line short wave signal to be combined from the branch line short wave signal according to a preset selection standard and the score value.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a short-wave receiving system, including: the receiving unit is used for receiving the multiple paths of branch line short wave signals and selecting one path of branch line short wave signals as reference signals based on short-time energy variance; the characteristic processing unit is used for processing the branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a signal characteristic set and endow the branch line short wave signals with corresponding weights; the signal selection unit is used for determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals; and the signal merging unit is used for calculating and obtaining a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be merged and the corresponding weight.
Preferably, obtaining the short-time energy variance comprises: dividing a short wave signal into a plurality of subframes, calculating the energy value of a single subframe, the energy mean value of the subframe and a corresponding energy variance sequence, and marking the energy variance sequence as a short-time average energy variance; and the receiving unit selects one branch line short wave signal as a reference signal according to the dispersion of the energy variance sequence.
Preferably, the feature processing unit is configured to select a plurality of distortion feature parameters from the p.563 standard, process the branch line short wave signal to obtain a high-order statistical feature vector corresponding to the distortion feature parameters, mark the high-order statistical feature vector of the reference signal as a reference feature set, and use other high-order statistical feature vectors as a non-reference feature set.
Preferably, the giving the weight value corresponding to the branch line short wave signal includes: and giving corresponding weights to the other branch line short wave signals according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the reference signal and the other branch line short wave signals.
Preferably, the signal selection unit is configured to calculate a score value of feature similarity between the non-reference signal and the reference signal based on the euclidean distance, and determine the branch line short wave signal to be combined from the branch line short wave signal according to a preset selection criterion and the score value.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention can select the branch line short wave signal with stable transmission as the reference signal based on the short-time energy variance; processing branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a high-quality signal feature set, and giving the branch line short wave signals a corresponding weight; determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity, and selecting the most appropriate branch line short wave signals to serve as a basis for calculation; and calculating to obtain a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be combined and the corresponding weight, so that the receiving signal can be reasonably calculated, and the error is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a short wave receiving method;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a short wave processing block;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a short wave receiving system.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides a short wave receiving method as shown in fig. 1, including:
s1, receiving multiple branch line short wave signals, and selecting one branch line short wave signal as a reference signal based on short-time energy variance;
s2, processing the branch line short wave signals based on the P.563 standard to obtain a signal feature set, and giving weight values corresponding to the branch line short wave signals;
s3, determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals;
and S4, calculating to obtain a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be combined and the corresponding weight.
The specific short wave receiving process in step S1 includes:
and selecting an optimal speech path, namely a reference signal, according to the short-time energy variance of each branch (branch and branch) speech signal received by each receiver antenna, wherein the short-time average energy is the mean square value of the amplitude of a certain short-time signal after a signal sequence is divided into short time periods. By "short-term" it is generally meant that the time period is less than 32ms, and that shortening the length of the time period is beneficial to increase the detection speed, but at the shortest it cannot be less than half the pitch period, i.e. 2 ms. The 500ms speech segment x (n) is divided into 25 frames and 20ms sub-frame, defining an average energy value of the sub-frame
frame length, i is the branch line number, j is the sub-frame number, then the short-time average energy variance of x (n) is
The short-time average energy variance reflects the strength of the signal. For short-wave speech segments, rho of segment (corresponding to energy variance sequence) with better speech qualityxThe dispersion is large, otherwise rhoxThe dispersion is small. Dividing a short wave signal into a plurality of subframes, and calculating the energy value x of a single subframe2(j) Energy mean m of sub-framesiAnd a corresponding energy variance sequence, wherein the marked energy variance sequence is a short-time average energy variance; and selecting one branch line short wave signal as a reference signal according to the dispersion of the energy variance sequence, for example, selecting the reference signal with the minimum dispersion.
The short wave processing flow in step S2 includes:
in a communication environment such as short wave ground-air, most of the background noise can be regarded as a gaussian and symmetrically distributed random process, and the speech signal is asymmetric. The high-order statistics contain a large amount of useful information which the second-order statistics do not contain, and meanwhile, the high-order statistics can also inhibit Gaussian noise in the signals, so that the method has the remarkable advantages of high resolution and strong noise resistance. Therefore, the voice signal is analyzed by using the high-order statistic, the influence of Gaussian noise can be well inhibited, and a large amount of useful information which cannot be extracted by the conventional signal analysis method in the voice signal, namely a high-order statistical feature vector, is extracted.
The P.563 standard is the first reference-source-free speech quality objective evaluation standard proposed by ITU-T in 2004, and the algorithm extracts 51 kinds of distortion characteristic parameters: 1) vocal tract analysis and non-natural speech, 2) strong additive noise analysis, 3) interruption, silence and time clipping.
The parameters for voice statistics are mainly based on linear prediction coefficients and high-order statistical evaluation of cepstrum analysis, and 12 distortion characteristic parameters such as a peak state parameter for measuring distribution thickness tail degree and a skewness parameter for measuring distribution asymmetric coefficients are optimized in the invention. According to the invention, the voice statistical analysis of the non-natural voice is carried out according to each branch voice signal received by each receiver antenna, a 12-dimensional model output variable MOV is extracted through a preset high-order static statistical analysis model to be used as a characteristic set for representing the voice activation ratio, and a characteristic vector for describing the channel severity, namely a high-order statistical characteristic vector is formed, wherein the MOV specifically comprises: f01: cepdev, cepstral standard deviation; f02: CepSkew, cepstral skewing; f03: CepCurt, cepstrum peak; f04: LPCCurt, linear prediction coefficient kurtosis; f05: LPCSkew, linear prediction coefficient skewing; f06: EstSegSNR, predicted segment signal-to-noise ratio; f07: LPCSkewAbs, linear prediction coefficient skewing absolute value; f08: EstGNoise, predicted background noise; f09: SpecLevelDev, spectral level error; f10: relnoise floor, correlated noise floor; f11: SpecLevelRange, spectral level range; f12: speech interruptions. The method selects several distortion characteristic parameters from the P.563 standard, and uses the parameters as the reference for characteristic judgment/extraction. Compared with the feature extraction in a fixed mode of a black box state, the standardized feature extraction is more favorable for meeting the requirement that a professional selects a proper distortion feature parameter based on self judgment, namely the professional is very familiar with the P.563 standard and the problem that a received signal under the current environment possibly faces, so that the proper distortion feature parameter can be selected for feature extraction.
Determining branch line short wave signals to be combined according to the feature similarity in step S3 includes:
first, short-wave reception is a continuous process, so that the reference signal can be changed at all times, that is, the state of the signal of different branches can be changed, and the standard and process for selecting the reference are not changed.
Secondly, all the branch line short wave signals can be weighted and combined in a maximum ratio combining mode, only considering the occurrence of extreme conditions, the branch line short wave signals with good signal states are selected for weighted combination, and the signal processing effect is better. Therefore, it is necessary to select an appropriate spur shortwave signal to be combined from the spur shortwave signals.
Outputting vector MOV of high-order static statistical analysis model of each branch voice (short wave) signal received by each receiver antennaiI is the serial number of the branch line, and the MOV of the non-reference branch lineiHigh order static statistical analysis model output vector MOV with optimal speech pathbestAnd comparing the voice similarity, and outputting the similarity score of the voice signals of each branch circuit compared with the optimal voice circuit. The scoring model for outputting the scores employs a modified sigmod function:
wherein score is the score, dist is the distance measurement, α and β are the parameters for influencing the function convergence performance, the larger the value of α, the steeper the curve of the corresponding function, β is used for controlling the translation of the curve, the distance measurement adopts the Euclidean distance measurement, namely the distance measurement of each branch voice compared with the optimal voice of the speech path:
then, based on the similarity coefficient of the current voice signal of each branch, the nc (eg.nc ═ 5) branches with the best performance are adaptively selected from the n (eg.n ═ 8) effective branches and combined (the receiving instantaneous similarity coefficients of the branches are continuously compared, the low voice quality score branches with smaller similarity are dynamically discarded, that is, the weight coefficients of the low voice quality score branches with smaller similarity are set to zero), and then the maximum ratio combining is performed on the rest branches.
In step S4, the process of calculating and obtaining the comprehensive received signal based on the branch line short wave signal to be combined and the weight includes:
the weight value of each branch combined by the maximum ratio is related to the signal amplitude and the noise power of the corresponding branch, if the signal noise power of each branch is the same, the weighting coefficient is in direct proportion to the signal amplitude of the corresponding branch, and if the signal amplitude of each branch is the same, the weighting coefficient is in inverse proportion to the signal noise power of the corresponding branch.
Of course, other rules may be set to define the weight, i.e. the weight ratio between the reference signal and the non-reference signal.
Example 2.
The purpose of this embodiment is to illustrate a short-wave receiving process that is suitable for practical applications:
step 01, receiving analog voice in diversity;
according to the service requirement, receiving the air-to-ground short wave analog voice which needs to be subjected to diversity combination according to the requirement, sequentially caching the received air-to-ground short wave analog voice into a two-dimensional array of diversity combination segments, and recording an index number, wherein the two-dimensional array can support 8 paths of 500ms short wave analog voice data at most.
Step 02, sliding window framing;
the step mainly realizes the self-defining of the length of the split frame and the length of the frame overlapping. For example, in the situation that the short wave analog voice transmission delay requirement is not high, the user can define the frame length of 500ms, the frame overlap of 0ms and the algorithm delay of 500 ms; under the condition that the short wave analog voice transmission delay requirement is high, a user can define the frame length to be 300ms, the frame overlapping length to be 50ms and the algorithm delay to be 250 ms.
Step 03, selecting an optimal speech path;
the step mainly realizes the optimization of multi-path analog voice, selects a path of branch voice signal with the best voice quality as template voice, and stores the index sequence number of the template voice.
And step 04, combining strategy selection, namely judging whether the short wave receiving method of the embodiment 1 is adopted.
For example, an instruction of the upper layer service requires diversity combining for the radio station 2, the station 3, the station 5, and the station 8, and this step can perform preferential combining for the radio station 2, the station 3, the station 5, and the station 8 according to the obtained user parameters. That is, the short-wave receiving method of embodiment 1, i.e., steps S041 to S043, is adopted.
The upper layer service certain instruction requires maximum ratio combination to the radio station 1, the station radio 2, the radio station 3, the radio station 4, the radio station 5 and the radio station 6, and the step can carry out maximum ratio combination to the radio station 1, the station radio 2, the radio station 3, the radio station 4, the radio station 5 and the radio station 6 according to the acquired user parameters. I.e. not the short wave reception method of the embodiment.
Step 05, similarity scoring, calculating Euclidean distances of other branch voices compared with the template voice:
the method comprises the following steps of extracting high-order statistical characteristic vectors of an optimal speech path and other branches, and taking the optimal speech path as a template speech path;
step 06, selecting a merging mode, and if the maximum ratio merging is not required in the step 04, directly mapping the Euclidean distance into a similarity score according to a similarity score model; if the maximum ratio combining is required in step S04, then the maximum ratio combining mode is adopted, and the voices with larger deviation are dynamically discarded (the voice similarity score is set to zero) according to the euclidean distance of each branch voice compared with the template voice, and other voices map the euclidean distance to the similarity score according to the similarity score model.
Step 07, calculating the weight of each branch voice and combining the output voices;
if the voice is combined according to the selection diversity, skipping the calculation of the voice weight of each branch and directly outputting the template voice; if merging according to the maximum ratio, calculating the weight of each branch voice according to the similarity score of each branch voice, and merging and outputting each branch voice according to the estimated weight of each branch.
The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the human selection is increased, and the user can add more selections on the basis of the short-wave receiving method of embodiment 1.
Example 3.
The present embodiment provides a short wave processing framework as shown in fig. 2.
Comprising several branches of speech SiAnd i is the serial number of a branch line (branch), the optimal branch line voice (serial number P) and the branch line voice to be matched (serial numbers 1-L) are selected through the optimal voice channel, the corresponding output vector is obtained through P.563 high-order statistical analysis, and the optimal branch line is MOVpThe other branch is MOV1～LScoring similarity, thenAccording to the weight value wp、w1～LCombining and outputting short wave signal Se。
Example 4.
The present embodiment provides a short-wave receiving system as shown in fig. 3, including:
the receiving unit 1 is used for receiving multiple paths of branch line short wave signals and selecting one path of branch line short wave signals as reference signals based on short-time energy variance;
the characteristic processing unit 2 is used for processing the branch line short wave signals based on the P.563 standard, obtaining a signal characteristic set and giving a weight corresponding to the branch line short wave signals;
the signal selection unit 3 is used for determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals; and the signal merging unit is used for calculating and obtaining a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be merged and the corresponding weight.
The characteristic processing unit 4 is configured to select a plurality of distortion characteristic parameters from a p.563 standard, process the branch line short wave signal to obtain a high-order statistical characteristic vector corresponding to the distortion characteristic parameters, mark the high-order statistical characteristic vector of the reference signal as a reference characteristic set, and use other high-order statistical characteristic vectors as a non-reference characteristic set.
Giving the corresponding weight value to the branch line short wave signal comprises the following steps: and giving corresponding weights to the other branch line short wave signals according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the reference signal and the other branch line short wave signals.
And the signal selection unit is used for calculating the score value of the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signal and the reference signal based on the Euclidean distance, and determining the branch line short wave signal to be combined from the branch line short wave signal according to a preset selection standard and the score value.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A short-wave reception method, comprising:
receiving multiple paths of branch line short wave signals, and selecting one path of branch line short wave signal as a reference signal based on short-time energy variance;
processing the branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a signal feature set, and giving the branch line short wave signals a corresponding weight;
determining branch line shortwave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals;
and calculating to obtain a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be combined and the corresponding weight.
2. The short wave reception method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the short time energy variance comprises:
dividing a short wave signal into a plurality of subframes, calculating the energy value of a single subframe, the energy mean value of the subframe and a corresponding energy variance sequence, and marking the energy variance sequence as a short-time average energy variance;
correspondingly, one branch line short wave signal is selected as a reference signal according to the dispersion of the energy variance sequence.
3. The short wave receiving method of claim 1, wherein the processing the spur short wave signal based on the p.563 standard comprises:
selecting a plurality of distortion characteristic parameters from the P.563 standard, processing the branch line short wave signal to obtain a high-order statistical characteristic vector corresponding to the distortion characteristic parameters, marking the high-order statistical characteristic vector of the reference signal as a reference characteristic set, and using other high-order statistical characteristic vectors as non-reference characteristic sets.
4. The short wave receiving method according to claim 1, wherein the giving the weight value corresponding to the branch line short wave signal comprises:
and giving corresponding weights to the other branch line short wave signals according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the reference signal and the other branch line short wave signals.
5. The short wave receiving method of claim 1, wherein the determining the spur short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signal and the reference signal comprises:
calculating the score value of the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signal and the reference signal based on the Euclidean distance, and determining the branch line short wave signal to be combined from the branch line short wave signal according to a preset selection standard and the score value.
6. A short wave reception system, comprising:
the receiving unit is used for receiving the multiple paths of branch line short wave signals and selecting one path of branch line short wave signals as reference signals based on short-time energy variance;
the characteristic processing unit is used for processing the branch line short wave signals based on a P.563 standard to obtain a signal characteristic set and endow the branch line short wave signals with corresponding weights;
the signal selection unit is used for determining branch line short wave signals to be combined based on the characteristic similarity of the non-reference signals and the reference signals;
and the signal merging unit is used for calculating and obtaining a comprehensive receiving signal based on the branch line short wave signals to be merged and the corresponding weight.
7. The short wave reception system of claim 6, wherein obtaining the short time energy variance comprises:
dividing a short wave signal into a plurality of subframes, calculating the energy value of a single subframe, the energy mean value of the subframe and a corresponding energy variance sequence, and marking the energy variance sequence as a short-time average energy variance;
and the receiving unit selects one branch line short wave signal as a reference signal according to the dispersion of the energy variance sequence.
8. The shortwave receiving system of claim 6, wherein the feature processing unit is configured to select a plurality of distortion feature parameters from the p.563 standard, process the branch shortwave signal to obtain a higher-order statistical feature vector corresponding to the distortion feature parameters, mark the higher-order statistical feature vector of the reference signal as a reference feature set, and mark other higher-order statistical feature vectors as non-reference feature sets.
9. The short wave receiving system of claim 6, wherein the assigning of the corresponding weight to the spur short wave signal comprises:
and giving corresponding weights to the other branch line short wave signals according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the reference signal and the other branch line short wave signals.
10. The short wave receiving system of claim 6, wherein the signal selection unit is configured to calculate a score value of the similarity between the features of the non-reference signal and the reference signal based on Euclidean distance, and determine the spur short wave signal to be combined from the spur short wave signal according to a preset selection criterion and the score value.
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| DE102007039914A1 (en) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. | Antenna diversity system with two antennas for radio reception in vehicles |
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