CN110438840A - A kind of magnetized paper and preparation method thereof of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation - Google Patents
A kind of magnetized paper and preparation method thereof of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110438840A CN110438840A CN201910626100.8A CN201910626100A CN110438840A CN 110438840 A CN110438840 A CN 110438840A CN 201910626100 A CN201910626100 A CN 201910626100A CN 110438840 A CN110438840 A CN 110438840A
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/14—Secondary fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
- D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
- D21H17/68—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments siliceous, e.g. clays
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/38—Coatings with pigments characterised by the pigments
- D21H19/385—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/46—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
- D21H19/44—Coatings with pigments characterised by the other ingredients, e.g. the binder or dispersing agent
- D21H19/64—Inorganic compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
- D21H19/80—Paper comprising more than one coating
- D21H19/84—Paper comprising more than one coating on both sides of the substrate
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/50—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by form
- D21H21/52—Additives of definite length or shape
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
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Abstract
The invention discloses the magnetized papers of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, including the original paper layer that is magnetic, the tow sides of magnetic original paper layer to be equipped with magnetisable coating.The magnetized paper solves Fe in existing magnetized paper3O4The low problem of retention.Magnetized paper of the present invention the preparation method comprises the following steps: step 1, will paper diaper leftover pieces fiber crush after it is soluble in water, sequentially add aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide and slurry be sufficiently stirred to obtain, then discongested；Step 2, by step 1 treated fibre stuff, paper is manufactured paper with pulp into；Step 3, sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide and silane coupling agent are added to the water, uninterrupted to stir, use to be glued；Step 4, with sizing applicator by step 3 gained sizing agent in the front and back sides of step 2 copy paper, and paper after sizing is soaked in calcium chloride solution, take out be sent into glazing drying machine be dried, press polish processing.This method is simple to operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pulp and paper technology fields, and in particular to a kind of magnetism of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation
Paper；The invention further relates to the preparation methods of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation.
Background technique
Magnetized paper is a kind of novel function paper, and the containing much information of storage, information security are strong.It is raw in industrial or agricultural
The fields such as production, health care, printing industry, anti-fake industry, national defence, scientific research have broad application prospects.
Magnetic paper preparation method has Fe at present3O4It is mixed with flocculant etc., fibre stuff is added in paper-making process
In, magnetic powder particle is introduced into cellulose fibre cell wall channel using the method for physics, so that magnetic fibre be made, and then is copied
Cause magnetized paper.But there are Fe for this method3O4The low defect of retention.Or be made by in-situ compositing, using in fiber
The group for carrying out cationic exchange, exchange ferrous ion with it, then using hydrolysis and oxidation, be converted into tool
Magnetic γ-Fe2O3Either Fe3O4(being referred to as ferrite) and the amorphous region for being deposited on fiber.But in-situ compositing
The reaction process for preparing magnetic coupling fiber is complex, is related to cellulose fibre to precursor solution-ferrous ions soln
Absorption, the generation of ferrous hydroxide precipitating and FeOOH and FeOOH are in maturing process to γ-Fe2O3Conversion
And its it is compound etc. on fiber, influence factor is more, it is difficult to control.Also by preparing magnetic hydrogel, and by itself and fibre
Dimension is blended and discongests, the method for manufacturing paper with pulp into magnetic paper, but defect is that the magnetic hydrogel freeze thawing time is long, and difficulty is discongested, after discongesting
Size is uneven, eventually leads to magnetic components and is unevenly distributed in paper, and the magnetic property of paper will be unevenly distributed therewith.
In view of the above problems, the present invention will be using paper diaper leftover pieces fiber as raw material, in paper making wet part and top sizing two
A workshop section in different ways, various combination add magnetic material, and using each component interaction, assign paper magnetic property.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of magnetized papers of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, solve existing magnetism
Fe in paper3O4The low problem of retention, at the same can be to avoid being unevenly distributed at paper magnetic components the problem of.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the preparation methods of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, should
Method is simple to operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, including be magnetic
The tow sides of original paper layer, magnetic original paper layer are equipped with magnetisable coating.
It is of the invention to be further characterized in that,
Magnetic original paper layer is made of following raw material:
Paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；Bentonitic additive amount
It is the 0.3%~1.0% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；The additive amount of zeolite powder is paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
0.1%~0.5%；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality.
Magnetisable coating is made of following raw material:
Sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide, silane coupling agent, calcium chloride；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is the 20%-30% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of humic acid is the 15% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%-50% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass；
The additive amount of silane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality；
The additive amount of calcium chloride is the 2% of sodium alginate quality.
Another technical solution of the present invention is the system of the magnetized paper of above-mentioned reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation
Preparation Method, the specific steps are as follows:
Step 1, soluble in water after paper diaper leftover pieces fiber being crushed, sequentially add aluminium polychloride, bentonite, boiling
Slurry is sufficiently stirred to obtain in mountain flour, nano ferriferrous oxide, is then discongested, and fibre stuff is obtained；
Step 2, by step 1 treated fibre stuff, paper is manufactured paper with pulp into；
Step 3, sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide and silane coupling agent are added to the water,
It is placed in 60~70 DEG C of water-baths, uninterrupted stirring is until be in uniform colloidal fluid, use to be glued；
Step 4, with sizing applicator by step 3 gained sizing agent in the front and back sides of step 2 copy paper, and will be after sizing
Paper is soaked in calcium chloride solution, and dipping after a certain period of time, is dried, press polish processing in taking-up feeding glazing drying machine.
It is of the invention to be further characterized in that,
In step 1, the additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；Bentonite
Additive amount be paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality 0.3%~1.0%；The additive amount of zeolite powder is paper diaper leftover pieces fiber
The 0.1%~0.5% of quality；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality.
It in step 1, is discongested with fluffer, the revolving speed of fluffer is 25000 turns.
Step 2 be copied using pattern take device by treated in step 1 fibre stuff copies that paper is made, specific implementation method
Are as follows: with blender, by step 1, treated that fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device first, adds water, makes slurry
Online concentration reaches 0.5%, discharges water, makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into page drying
Device is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take paper.
In step 3, the order of addition and dosage relation of each raw material are as follows: sodium alginate is added to the water at first, seaweed
The mass concentration range of sour sodium in water is 2%~4%；Konjac glucomannan, humic acid are added again, and the additive amount of konjac glucomannan is alginic acid
The 20%-30% of sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality；Be eventually adding nano ferriferrous oxide and
Silane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%- of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass
50%, the additive amount of silane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality.
It is 3g/m in the resin added of step 2 copy paper single side in step 42。
In step 4, the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.5mol/L, and the time of dipping is 30 minutes.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Magnetized paper of the invention is made eventually by the collaboration of aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide
With abolishing SAP obstacle in paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, and paper magnetic property is assigned, and by preparing magnetic sizing agent to paper two
Face sizing enhances into the magnetic property of paper, and improves the strength character at paper.The magnetized paper of the invention utilizes paper diaper leftover pieces
For raw material, and paper magnetic property is assigned, can economize on resources by a relatively large margin, is energy saving, save transport, reducing discharge and improve
Society and economic benefit, and the value of paper diaper Time of Fluff Slurry paper reuse is effectively improved, larger tribute can be made for pulping and paper-making industry
It offers.
The method that the present invention uses paper diaper leftover pieces fiber to prepare magnetic paper, firstly, using aluminium polychloride, swelling
Soil, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide handle paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, and wherein aluminium chloride and bentonitic synergistic effect are destroyed
Fall the gel state of the super water absorbent resin (SAP) adulterated in paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, and cross-linking, be adsorbed in fiber it
Between, efficiently solve SAP obstacle caused by paper diaper leftover pieces fiber reuse；Zeolite has rack-like structure, in their crystalline substance
In vivo, molecule connects together as building a framework, and centre forms many cavitys, has good suction-operated, can load and receive
Rice ferroso-ferric oxide；The addition of nano ferriferrous oxide assigns paper diaper leftover pieces fiber into paper magnetism.Pass through the association of each component
Same-action, it is final to realize the reuse of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber and assign its magnetism；
Secondly, being glued to above-mentioned fiber at paper by preparing magnetic sizing agent, paper diaper leftover pieces are further strengthened
Fiber and can largely improve the strength character of paper diaper Time of Fluff Slurry magnetized paper at the magnetic property of paper.Sizing agent by
The composition such as sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide.Wherein, sodium alginate has good film forming, makees
For the substrate of sizing agent；Konjac glucomannan can improve the toughness of glue film；The strength of sizing agent can be improved in humic acid；Nanometer four
Fe 3 O can assign sizing agent magnetism；
It is impregnated finally, the paper after sizing is put into calcium chloride solution, calcium chloride solution plays the role of crosslinking, reinforces
The sizing efficiency of sizing agent improves the strength character of film forming, which can be effectively retained nano ferriferrous oxide, simultaneously
It is easy to operate, convenient for control, the distributing homogeneity of paper smoothness and magnetic ferroferric oxide particle can also be improved by sizing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure of blank sample (amplification factor is 50 times)；
Fig. 2 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure of blank sample (amplification factor is 350 times)；
Fig. 3 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure that magnetic paper is not glued in the present invention (amplification factor is 50 times)；
Fig. 4 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure that magnetic paper is not glued in the present invention (amplification factor is 350 times)；
Fig. 5 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure that magnetic paper is glued in the present invention (amplification factor is 50 times)；
Fig. 6 is the super depth-of-field microscope figure that magnetic paper is glued in the present invention (amplification factor is 350 times).
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The present invention provides a kind of magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, including the original paper layer that is magnetic, magnetic
The tow sides of original paper layer are equipped with magnetisable coating.
Magnetic original paper layer is made of following raw material:
Paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；Bentonitic additive amount
It is the 0.3%~1.0% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；The additive amount of zeolite powder is paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
0.1%~0.5%；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality.
Magnetisable coating is made of following raw material:
Sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide, silane coupling agent, calcium chloride；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is the 20%-30% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of humic acid is the 15% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%-50% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass；
The additive amount of silane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality；
The additive amount of calcium chloride is the 2% of sodium alginate quality.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of the magnetized paper of above-mentioned reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, specific steps
It is as follows:
Step 1, soluble in water after paper diaper leftover pieces fiber being crushed, sequentially add aluminium polychloride, bentonite, boiling
Slurry is sufficiently stirred to obtain in mountain flour, nano ferriferrous oxide, is then discongested, and fibre stuff is obtained；
In step 1, the additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；Bentonite
Additive amount be paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality 0.3%~1.0%；The additive amount of zeolite powder is paper diaper leftover pieces fiber
The 0.1%~0.5% of quality；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；
It in step 1, is discongested with fluffer, the revolving speed of fluffer is 25000 turns.
Step 2, by step 1 treated fibre stuff, paper is manufactured paper with pulp into；
Step 2 be copied using pattern take device by treated in step 1 fibre stuff copies that paper is made, specific implementation method
Are as follows: with blender, by step 1, treated that fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device first, adds water, makes slurry
Online concentration reaches 0.5%, discharges water, makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into page drying
Device is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take paper.
Step 3, sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide and silane coupling agent are added to the water,
It is placed in 60~70 DEG C of water-baths, uninterrupted stirring is until be in uniform colloidal fluid, use to be glued；
In step 3, the order of addition and dosage relation of each raw material are as follows: sodium alginate is added to the water at first, seaweed
The mass concentration range of sour sodium in water is 2%~4%；Konjac glucomannan, humic acid are added again, and the additive amount of konjac glucomannan is alginic acid
The 20%-30% of sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality；Be eventually adding nano ferriferrous oxide and
Silane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%- of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass
50%, the additive amount of silane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality；
Step 4, with sizing applicator by step 3 gained sizing agent in the front and back sides of step 2 copy paper, and will be after sizing
Paper is soaked in calcium chloride solution, and dipping is dried, press polish processing after 30 minutes in taking-up feeding glazing drying machine；
It is 3g/m in the resin added of step 2 copy paper single side in step 42；
In step 4, the concentration of calcium chloride solution is 0.5mol/L.
Paper diaper leftover pieces fiber used in of the invention and embodiment is paper diaper absorbed layer fluff pulp fibers；The present invention is implemented
Chemicals used in example includes the white aluminium polychloride that rich environmental protection company production is moistened in Zhengzhou City；The VF- of Wei Ke company, U.S. production
20 type bentonites；The experiment reagent artificial zeolite of Tianjin great Mao chemical reagent factory production is (after pulverizer crushes, by 100 mesh-
It is used after the sieve screening of 200 mesh)；The nano ferriferrous oxide powder of Suzhou You Gao nano material Co., Ltd production, partial size
20nm；The analysis pure sodium alginate of Tianjin good fortune morning chemical reagent factory production；The production of Shandong You Suo Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd
Analyze pure konjac glucomannan；The pure calcium chloride of analysis of Tianjin Kermel Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.'s production；Jinan Yun Ze chemical industry is limited
The humic acid of company's production；The KH550 silane coupling agent of Guangzhou Jian Shuan Chemical Industry Science Co., Ltd sale.
The reason of selecting each raw material
(1) at using aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide as paper diaper leftover pieces fiber
The reason of managing agent
Firstly, paper diaper leftover pieces fiber is handled using aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide,
And it is manufactured paper with pulp as paper.The double electricity in interface that super water absorbent resin (SAP) gelatinous mass can be destroyed due to addition aluminium polychloride
Layer, improves the inside and outside two-phase density contrast of the substance, and interior phase is promoted to be easy to be precipitated, and bentonite adsorption promotees in SAP gel surface
The thickness of gel is set to become larger, the ratio between surface area relative gel volume of gel becomes smaller, a large amount of inside gel with the formation of epidermis
Ground builds up pressure, causes gel internal and external pressure difference to become larger, gel surface is promoted to be easily broken.The two-phase density contrast inside and outside gel
Raising, internal and external pressure difference enhancing synergistic effect under, finally cause the destructurized of gel, swelling variation becomes irreversible
's.To make SAP lose water sorption, gel form is not re-formed.
The crystal structure of zeolite is to be linked to be three-dimensional screen work by silicon (aluminium) oxygen tetrahedron, is had in screen work of all sizes
Hole and channel have very big opening.Cavity of different sizes present in lattice can be drawn and of different sizes lose suction
The SAP particle of water effect, while nano ferriferrous oxide can be loaded, nano ferriferrous oxide is prevented because of its nano-grade size
And it is lost with plain boiled water.Nano ferriferrous oxide is trapped between fiber, can assign fiber magnetic property.
(2) the reason of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, nano ferriferrous oxide, silane coupling agent is sizing agent components is selected
It is glued by preparing magnetic sizing agent at paper front and back sides, further strengthens the magnetic property of paper diaper fiber simultaneously
Improve the distributing homogeneity of paper strength performance and magnetic components.Sizing agent is by modified sodium alginate, nano ferriferrous oxide, silicon
Alkane coupling agent composition.Wherein, modified sodium alginate has good film forming, the substrate as sizing agent.With konjac glucomannan and corruption
Acid is grown to be modified sodium alginate.Konjac glucomannan plays thickening, bonding and stable effect, while can be effectively improved seaweed
The toughness of sour sodium film forming；Humic acid molecular structures are reticular structure, and include carboxyl, hydroxyl isoreactivity group, therefore can promote
Sodium alginate film forming can be improved comprising rigid structures such as phenyl ring into the film forming of sodium alginate, and in humic acid molecule
Mechanical property and thermal stability；Four oxygen can be improved by finally adding nano ferriferrous oxide and silane coupling agent, silane coupling agent
Change the dispersibility of three-iron, ferroso-ferric oxide can promote sizing agent to have magnetism.
It is impregnated finally, the paper after sizing is put into calcium chloride solution.Calcium chloride solution plays the role of crosslinking, reinforces
The sizing efficiency of sizing agent.
Embodiment 1
1) smashed paper diaper leftover pieces fiber is acquired as experiment raw material, this raw material sources is in paper diaper factory
Family.
2) sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper leftover pieces fibers to crush is added in 500ml water, using AB L&W company, Sweden
260 type fluffers of production discongest slurry, discongest 25000 turns, add water to slurry concentration up to 0.5%, using German HG company
The BBS-3_D-45476 type pattern of production, which is copied, takes device to carry out copy paper, 105 DEG C of dryings, the scraps of paper is made, as blank sample.
3) sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper leftover pieces fibers to crush is added in 300ml water, then is weighed respectively relative to paper
The aluminium polychloride of urine pants leftover pieces fiber quality 0.5%, relative to 1.0% swelling of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Soil, relative to 0.5% zeolite powder of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality, relative to the 7% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Nano ferriferrous oxide, add water constant volume to 500ml, stir evenly, then, using fluffer, discongest 25000 turns, obtain fibre
Slurry is tieed up, after the completion of fiber is discongested, fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, add water, make approach flow
Concentration reaches 0.5%, discharges water, and makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into page baker, In
Under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature, after drying, put vacuum, take paper.
0.6g sodium alginate is dissolved in 19.4ml water, then adds konjac glucomannan, humic acid.The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is seaweed
The 25% of sour sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality.Then nano ferriferrous oxide and silicon are added
Alkane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 30% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality, and the beaker equipped with above-mentioned solution is put in 60 DEG C of water-baths
In, uninterrupted stirring 30 minutes, solution is in uniform colloidal fluid, at this point, sizing agent preparation is completed, use to be glued.
It made is applied using the AUTO Sizer-01 type surface size press of Beijing Heng Chengyu Science and Technology Ltd. production by above-mentioned
Jelly is uniformly glued in the front and back sides of pattern to be glued, and single side resin added is 3g/m2, pattern, which is then put into concentration, is
Half an hour is impregnated in the 30ml calcium chloride solution of 0.5mol/L, is taken out and is sent into the sensible light equipment Co., Ltd production in Xianyang
It is dried in TD19-A type glazing drying machine, press polish processing.The sample is known as 1# sample.
Embodiment 2
Sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper to crush is added in 300ml water, then weighs respectively fine relative to paper diaper leftover pieces
It ties up the aluminium polychloride of quality 0.6%, urinated relative to 0.5% bentonite of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality, relative to paper
0.3% zeolite powder of leg cuff corner material fiber quality, 5% nanometer four oxidation three relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Iron, and added in fibre stuff, add water constant volume to 500ml, stir evenly, then, using fluffer, discongests 25000 turns,
Fibre stuff is obtained, after the completion of fiber is discongested, fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, add water, make to starch
Material online concentration reaches 0.5%, discharges water, makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into page drying
Device is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take paper.
0.8g sodium alginate is dissolved in 19.2ml water, then adds konjac glucomannan, humic acid.The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is seaweed
The 30% of sour sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality.Then nano ferriferrous oxide and silicon are added
Alkane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 50% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality, and the beaker equipped with above-mentioned solution is put in 70 DEG C of water-baths
In, uninterrupted stirring 30 minutes, solution is in uniform colloidal fluid, at this point, sizing agent preparation is completed, use to be glued.
It made is applied using the AUTO Sizer-01 type surface size press of Beijing Heng Chengyu Science and Technology Ltd. production by above-mentioned
Jelly is uniformly glued in the front and back sides of pattern to be glued, and single side resin added is 3g/m2, pattern, which is then put into concentration, is
Half an hour is impregnated in the 30ml calcium chloride solution of 0.5mol/L, is taken out and is sent into the sensible light equipment Co., Ltd production in Xianyang
It is dried in TD19-A type glazing drying machine, press polish processing.The sample is known as 2# sample.
Embodiment 3
Sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper leftover pieces to crush is added in 300ml water, then is weighed respectively relative to paper diaper side
The aluminium polychloride of corner material fiber quality 0.8%, 0.3% bentonite, opposite relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
In 0.1% zeolite powder of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality, relative to 10% nanometer of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Ferroso-ferric oxide, and added in fibre stuff, add water constant volume to 500ml, stir evenly, then, using fluffer, discongests
25000 turns, fibre stuff is obtained, after the completion of fiber is discongested, fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, add
Water makes approach flow concentration reach 0.5%, discharges water, and makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into
Page baker is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take
Paper.
0.4g sodium alginate is dissolved in 19.6ml water, then adds konjac glucomannan, humic acid.The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is seaweed
The 20% of sour sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality.Then nano ferriferrous oxide and silicon are added
Alkane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality, and the beaker equipped with above-mentioned solution is put in 65 DEG C of water-baths
In, uninterrupted stirring 30 minutes, solution is in uniform colloidal fluid, at this point, sizing agent preparation is completed, use to be glued.
It made is applied using the AUTO Sizer-01 type surface size press of Beijing Heng Chengyu Science and Technology Ltd. production by above-mentioned
Jelly is uniformly glued in the front and back sides of pattern to be glued, and single side resin added is 3g/m2, pattern, which is then put into concentration, is
Half an hour is impregnated in the 30ml calcium chloride solution of 0.5mol/L, is taken out and is sent into the sensible light equipment Co., Ltd production in Xianyang
It is dried in TD19-A type glazing drying machine, press polish processing.The sample is known as 3# sample.
Embodiment 4
Sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper leftover pieces to crush is added in 300ml water, then is weighed respectively relative to paper diaper side
The aluminium polychloride of corner material fiber quality 0.7%, 0.7% bentonite, opposite relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
0.2% zeolite powder in paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality, 9% nanometer four relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Fe 3 O, and added in fibre stuff, add water constant volume to 500ml, stir evenly, then, using fluffer, discongests
25000 turns, fibre stuff is obtained, after the completion of fiber is discongested, fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, add
Water makes approach flow concentration reach 0.5%, discharges water, and makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into
Page baker is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take
Paper.
0.6g sodium alginate is dissolved in 19.4ml water, then adds konjac glucomannan, humic acid.The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is seaweed
The 25% of sour sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality.Then nano ferriferrous oxide and silicon are added
Alkane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 40% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality, and the beaker equipped with above-mentioned solution is put in 65 DEG C of water-baths
In, uninterrupted stirring 30 minutes, solution is in uniform colloidal fluid, at this point, sizing agent preparation is completed, use to be glued.
It made is applied using the AUTO Sizer-01 type surface size press of Beijing Heng Chengyu Science and Technology Ltd. production by above-mentioned
Jelly is uniformly glued in the front and back sides of pattern to be glued, and single side resin added is 3g/m2, pattern, which is then put into concentration, is
Half an hour is impregnated in the 30ml calcium chloride solution of 0.5mol/L, is taken out and is sent into the sensible light equipment Co., Ltd production in Xianyang
It is dried in TD19-A type glazing drying machine, press polish processing.The sample is known as 4# sample.
Embodiment 5
Sample after taking 2.6 grams of paper diaper leftover pieces to crush is added in 300ml water, then is weighed respectively relative to paper diaper side
The aluminium polychloride of corner material fiber quality 0.7%, 0.3% bentonite, opposite relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
0.4% zeolite powder in paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality, 8% nanometer four relative to paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
Fe 3 O, and added in fibre stuff, add water constant volume to 500ml, stir evenly, then, using fluffer, discongests
25000 turns, fibre stuff is obtained, after the completion of fiber is discongested, fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, add
Water makes approach flow concentration reach 0.5%, discharges water, and makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, is finally putting into
Page baker is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature under conditions of vacuum degree is 0.06MPa, after drying, puts vacuum, take
Paper.
0.4g sodium alginate is dissolved in 19.6ml water, then adds konjac glucomannan, humic acid.The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is seaweed
The 25% of sour sodium quality, the additive amount of humic acid are the 15% of sodium alginate quality.Then nano ferriferrous oxide and silicon are added
Alkane coupling agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 20% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality, and the beaker equipped with above-mentioned solution is put in 65 DEG C of water-baths
In, uninterrupted stirring 30 minutes, solution is in uniform colloidal fluid, at this point, sizing agent preparation is completed, use to be glued.
It made is applied using the AUTO Sizer-01 type surface size press of Beijing Heng Chengyu Science and Technology Ltd. production by above-mentioned
Jelly is uniformly glued in the front and back sides of pattern to be glued, and single side resin added is 3g/m2, pattern, which is then put into concentration, is
Half an hour is impregnated in the 30ml calcium chloride solution of 0.5mol/L, is taken out and is sent into the sensible light equipment Co., Ltd production in Xianyang
It is dried in TD19-A type glazing drying machine, press polish processing.The sample is known as 5# sample.
The tensile strength instrument of the model TH-1 produced using GB/T453-1989 method Sweden measures the anti-tensile of pattern
Index is shown in Table 1；The PROTEAR tearability instrument produced using GB/T455.1-1989 method Thwing-Albert company, the U.S.
The tear index for measuring pattern, is shown in Table 1；The super depth of field three-dimensional of KH-8700 type produced using Japanese HIROX (great view) company is micro-
Mirror characterizes the surface topography of blank sample and the magnetic components of magnetic paper sample at the distribution situation in paper, sees Fig. 1-Fig. 4
It is shown.
1 test specimen physical property of table characterization
| Sample ID | Tensile index/Nm/g | Tear index/mNm2/g |
| Blank sample | 6.3 | 4.8 |
| 1# sample | 23.7 | 8.5 |
| 2# sample | 25.1 | 10.2 |
| 3# sample | 22.4 | 7.9 |
| 4# sample | 23.5 | 8.4 |
| 5# sample | 23.0 | 8.1 |
| 1#-5# sample mean | 23.5 | 8.6 |
By table 1, as a result, it has been found that, blank sample is lower at paper tensile index, tear index, is primarily due to paper diaper leftover pieces
Fiber is fluff pulp fibers, and it is strong to lead into paper so H-bonding capability is weakened and even is eliminated between fiber by solution key processing
It spends lower.And pass through magnetized paper prepared by method of the invention, surface is smooth, and without paper defects, tensile index is averagely improved
273%, tear index improves 79.2%.Go out from the experimental results, the strength character of magnetized paper prepared by the present invention significantly mentions
It is high.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the microscope figure of blank sample, as it can be seen that blank sample fiber interweaving reticulates structure, fiber in figure
Color is transparent.Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are only to add ferroso-ferric oxide without the magnetic paper sample by sizing, in figure in paper making wet part
It can be seen that ferroso-ferric oxide has been adsorbed in fiber, black particles visible shape ferroso-ferric oxide in fiber.Fig. 5, Fig. 6 are in papermaking
Wet end adds ferroso-ferric oxide and is glued the outturn of the sizing agent added with ferroso-ferric oxide, as seen from the figure, magnetic components
Ferroso-ferric oxide is more uniform to be distributed in paper fibre.
The method of the present invention realizes the effective use of paper diaper leftover pieces, compensates for current magnetized paper preparation method not
Foot.Economize on resources by a relatively large margin, while development and application values, reuse profit can constantly increase, from save material, it is energy saving,
Save transport reduce discharge and improve society and economic benefit from the point of view of, effect highly significant, can for pulping and paper-making industry make compared with
Big contribution.
Claims (10)
1. the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, which is characterized in that described magnetic former including the original paper layer that is magnetic
The tow sides of paper layer are equipped with magnetisable coating.
2. the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetism
Original paper layer is made of following raw material:
Paper diaper leftover pieces fiber, aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite powder, nano ferriferrous oxide；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；Bentonitic additive amount is paper
The 0.3%~1.0% of urine pants leftover pieces fiber quality；The additive amount of zeolite powder is the 0.1% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
~0.5%；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality.
3. the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetism
Coating is made of following raw material:
Sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide, silane coupling agent, calcium chloride；
Proportion relation between above-mentioned raw materials is as follows:
The additive amount of konjac glucomannan is the 20%-30% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of humic acid is the 15% of sodium alginate quality；
The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%-50% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass；
The additive amount of silane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality；
The additive amount of calcium chloride is the 2% of sodium alginate quality.
4. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation, which is characterized in that specific step is as follows:
Step 1, soluble in water after paper diaper leftover pieces fiber being crushed, sequentially add aluminium polychloride, bentonite, zeolite
Slurry is sufficiently stirred to obtain in powder, nano ferriferrous oxide, is then discongested, and fibre stuff is obtained；
Step 2, by step 1 treated fibre stuff, paper is manufactured paper with pulp into；
Step 3, sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan, humic acid, nano ferriferrous oxide and silane coupling agent are added to the water, are placed
In 60~70 DEG C of water-baths, uninterrupted stirring is until be in uniform colloidal fluid, use to be glued；
Step 4, with sizing applicator by step 3 gained sizing agent in the front and back sides of step 2 copy paper, and will paper after sizing
It is soaked in calcium chloride solution, dipping after a certain period of time, is dried, press polish processing in taking-up feeding glazing drying machine.
5. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In in step 1, the additive amount of aluminium polychloride is the 0.5%~0.8% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；It is bentonitic to add
Dosage is the 0.3%~1.0% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality；The additive amount of zeolite powder is paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality
0.1%~0.5%；The additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 5%-10% of paper diaper leftover pieces fiber quality.
6. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In in step 1, being discongested with fluffer, the revolving speed of fluffer is 25000 turns.
7. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In, step 2 be copied using pattern take device by treated in step 1 fibre stuff copies that paper is made, specific implementation method are as follows: first
With blender, by step 1, treated that fibre stuff is stirring evenly and then adding into pattern copies and take in device, adds water, makes approach flow concentration
Reach 0.5%, discharge water, makes wet web, then squeezed manually with pressure roller, page baker is finally putting into, in vacuum
Under conditions of degree is 0.06MPa, is dried 5 minutes with 105 DEG C of temperature, after drying, put vacuum, take paper.
8. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In in step 3, the order of addition and dosage relation of each raw material are as follows: sodium alginate being added to the water at first, sodium alginate exists
Mass concentration range in water is 2%~4%；Konjac glucomannan, humic acid are added again, and the additive amount of konjac glucomannan is sodium alginate quality
20%-30%, the additive amount of humic acid is the 15% of sodium alginate quality；It is eventually adding nano ferriferrous oxide and silane is even
Join agent, wherein the additive amount of nano ferriferrous oxide is the 10%-50% of sodium alginate, konjac glucomannan and humic acid gross mass, silicon
The additive amount of alkane coupling agent is the 0.5% of nano ferriferrous oxide quality.
9. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In being 3g/m in the resin added of step 2 copy paper single side in step 42。
10. the preparation method of the magnetized paper of reuse paper diaper leftover pieces fiber preparation according to claim 4, feature exist
In in step 4, the concentration of the calcium chloride solution is 0.5mol/L, and the time of dipping is 30 minutes.
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