CN110436717B - Sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularized constructed wetland - Google Patents
Sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularized constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN110436717B CN110436717B CN201910839826.XA CN201910839826A CN110436717B CN 110436717 B CN110436717 B CN 110436717B CN 201910839826 A CN201910839826 A CN 201910839826A CN 110436717 B CN110436717 B CN 110436717B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 484
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011272 standard treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularized artificial wetland, which comprises a pretreatment unit, a water inlet unit and an artificial wetland unit which are sequentially arranged. The water inlet unit is a pulse water distribution device and is used for automatically adjusting the water inlet flow of the constructed wetland and controlling the water inlet period; the constructed wetland unit comprises one or more constructed wetland modules and a water collecting tank, adopts a gap type operation mode, distributes water to the constructed wetland unit periodically through a pulse type water distribution tank, and air in a drainage period enters a matrix layer along with the decline of the water level in the wetland to form an aerobic matrix environment, so that pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the wetland, the removal efficiency of sewage C, N is improved, and meanwhile, the long-term efficient removal of phosphorus is realized. The invention can be designed and installed in a modular manner, has low energy consumption, low cost and small occupied area, is basically managed without daily, and can solve the problems that rural sewage is dispersed due to emission, the water quantity is small, the water quality is poor and the low cost is difficult to reach the standard.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water pollution treatment, and particularly relates to an artificial wetland purification technology.
Background
Along with the continuous improvement of rural living standard, the discharge amount of rural domestic sewage is gradually increased. For a long time, people attach importance to deficiency of decentralized rural domestic pollution, due to low economic development level, lag infrastructure construction, insufficient environmental awareness of local common people, imperfect domestic sewage collection and treatment systems and the like, rural areas lack of effective rural household sewage treatment technology and management means, random discharge of a large amount of untreated sewage is caused, water pollution in rural areas is increasingly serious, rural ecological environment is seriously affected, and drinking water safety of farmers cannot be guaranteed. Aiming at the characteristics of scattered rural households, behind toilet facilities, scattered rural domestic sewage discharge, large fluctuation of water quantity and water quality, serious water pollution (especially rural toilet sewage) and the like, the invention is necessary to provide an economic and applicable decentralized toilet sewage treatment technology.
At present, the mode of rural sewage treatment in China mainly comprises a centralized treatment mode and a decentralized treatment mode. The centralized treatment mode is mainly used in areas with a certain fall in the relative centralization of peasant households and the topography, and an ecological pond system and a wetland treatment system are adopted; the treatment methods of the dispersion treatment mode mainly comprise a septic tank method, a stabilization pond method, a biomembrane method and an artificial wetland method. In rural areas with scattered farmers, the septic tank method is most common but has poor reoxygenation effect, so that the sewage treatment efficiency of the septic tank is lower and the effluent quality is difficult to reach the standard; the stabilization pond can fully utilize the characteristics of the terrain and has lower energy consumption, but has the defects of low organic load, large occupied area, large influence by climate, unsatisfactory denitrification and dephosphorization and the like; the biomembrane method has small occupied area and good treatment effect, but has large investment and insufficient impact load resistance; the constructed wetland technology has the advantages of low cost and operation cost, good purification effect and the like in the aspect of operation management, and is a common technology for treating the domestic sewage in the decentralized rural areas.
However, with constructed wetland technology, the periodicity and stability of the incoming water largely determine the pollution load and treatment effectiveness of the treatment facilities. In rural areas, the periodic water outlet and the stability of the septic tank are poor, the defect of large fluctuation of rural domestic sewage water quantity and water quality can be overcome by utilizing an intermittent water inlet mode of pulse water distribution, and in addition, the constructed wetland unit is matched with a clearance type operation mode, air enters a matrix layer through a ventilation pipe along with the water level in the wetland in the drainage period, so that an aerobic matrix environment is formed, and the treatment effect of the constructed wetland is improved. The existing pulse water distribution device is generally controlled by a complex liquid level sensing device and an electromagnetic control valve, and periodically distributes water by using a power device such as a water pump or a gate and the like through manual operation or program remote control, and the system is generally complex, so that the fault rate is high, the maintenance and the management are difficult, and the pulse water distribution device is not suitable for rural domestic sewage treatment. There are also some siphon type pulse water distribution systems, and although there is no complicated liquid level sensing device and electromagnetic control valve control, continuous overflow is often generated under the condition that inflow water is small in flow, and siphonage cannot be formed, so that the function of pulse water distribution is lost, and stable operation cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high investment operation cost, large occupied area, lower efficiency and severe treatment environment of the existing rural toilet sewage treatment technology, the invention provides the module type integrated self-cleaning pulse aerobic constructed wetland, which utilizes a pulse water distribution tank in a water inlet module to adjust the gap type operation mode of the constructed wetland so as to realize automatic hydraulic control under the condition of large water fluctuation; the intermittent vertical downward flow treatment process of the modularized constructed wetland is utilized to form an aerobic matrix environment, so that pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the constructed wetland, and the equipment can realize batch production and on-site rapid assembly by adopting the modularized complete design of the constructed wetland.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the sewage treatment system with the pulse water distribution and the modularized constructed wetland comprises a pretreatment unit, a water inlet unit and a constructed wetland unit which are sequentially arranged. The pretreatment unit is a septic tank and is arranged at the front end of the water inlet unit. The constructed wetland unit comprises one or more constructed wetland modules and a water collection tank. The constructed wetland module is of a gap type vertical downward flow constructed wetland structure, and a water distribution pipe, a wetland composite filler matrix layer, a water collecting pipe and an impermeable layer are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The water distribution pipe is connected with the water outlet of the water inlet unit. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are connected, a main water distribution pipe in the constructed wetland modules is connected with a main water distribution pipe, and the main water distribution pipe is connected with a water outlet of the water inlet unit. The water collecting tank is arranged behind the artificial wetland module. The water collecting tank is internally provided with a wetland self-cleaning back flushing device and a water outlet pipe, and the wetland self-cleaning back flushing device is connected with a valve at the tail end of a water collecting pipe of the constructed wetland module through a vent pipe. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are connected, the wetland self-cleaning backwash device is connected with a main water collecting pipe of each constructed wetland module, and the main water collecting pipe is connected with the tail end of a main water collecting pipe of each constructed wetland module. The water inlet unit is a pulse water distribution device, water is periodically distributed to the constructed wetland through the water inlet unit, air in a drainage period enters the matrix layer along with the water level in the wetland, an aerobic matrix environment is formed, and pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the wetland, so that sewage treatment is realized.
In the invention, when a plurality of constructed wetland modules are adopted, each constructed wetland module has the same structure, and the plurality of constructed wetland modules are arranged in an array.
The pulse water distribution device comprises a water distribution tank and a tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device arranged in the water distribution tank, wherein the water distribution tank is provided with a water inlet, and the tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device comprises a water inlet pipe, a hose, a water outlet pipe and an openable and closable water retaining structure. The water outlet pipe of the tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device is arranged at the bottom of the water distribution tank and penetrates out of an opening at the bottom of the water distribution tank; the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are in a freely movable state, the gravity of the water inlet pipe is smaller than or equal to the buoyancy of the water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is limited by the hose, and the highest floating height of the water inlet pipe is lower than the highest water level of the water inlet of the water distribution tank; the openable water retaining structure is arranged in the water inlet pipe and can be opened and closed along with the position change of the water inlet pipe; in a water storage period of the water distribution tank, the water inlet pipe floats upwards along with the rising of the liquid level in the water distribution tank, when the water distribution tank floats upwards to the highest height, the water retaining structure is closed, the liquid level is higher than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe, water in the water distribution tank starts to flow into the water inlet pipe, a water storage space is formed in the front of the water inlet pipe, short temporary storage water is carried out, the dead weight of the water inlet pipe is increased to start sinking, the water retaining structure is opened, sewage is discharged out of the water distribution device through the water inlet pipe, the hose and the water outlet pipe, when the water inlet pipe sinks to the bottom of the water distribution tank, the liquid level is lower than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe, a water discharge period is completed, the water inlet pipe floats upwards along with the liquid level again, the next water storage period is started, and thus circulation is formed.
The cleaning water source of the constructed wetland self-cleaning back flushing device in the constructed wetland module is from a water collecting tank and is recharged to the constructed wetland from the top end of the vent pipe through a water pump. The wetland self-cleaning back flushing device is connected with a valve at the tail end of a water collecting main pipe of the wetland module through a vent pipe. The valve is normally opened in the normal working state, and is closed when the constructed wetland is cleaned. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are arranged, the wetland self-cleaning back flushing device is connected with the valve at the tail end of the main water collecting pipe of each wetland module through a vent pipe, and the main water collecting pipe of each wetland module is connected with the main water collecting pipe. The valve is normally opened in the normal working state, and is closed when the constructed wetland is cleaned.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the constructed wetland adopts a gap type vertical downward flow constructed wetland, water is periodically distributed to the constructed wetland through the pulse water distribution device of the water inlet unit, air in the drainage period enters the matrix layer along with the water level in the wetland to form an aerobic matrix environment, then pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the gap type vertical downward flow constructed wetland, and purified water enters the water collecting tank to be collected and collected into the water collecting tank to be stored. Compared with the common continuous flow constructed wetland, the intermittent operation mode periodically seals air in the filler layer, provides good aerobic conditions for the matrix, enhances the transfer of oxygen to the filler bed, strengthens the aerobic degradation of microorganisms, improves the dissolved oxygen level of the wetland bed, and ensures good carbon oxidation and nitrification in the biodegradation of organic matters and the nitrification of ammonia nitrogen. In addition, the wetland filler adopts special composite filler such as gravel and the like, has good adsorption performance, can effectively improve the removal efficiency of organic matters and nitrogen, and simultaneously realizes the long-term and high-efficiency removal of phosphorus through chemical chelation reaction. The large-particle-size gravel is laid on the wetland water inlet water distribution pipe, and the water layer is hidden under the gravel, so that the problems of odor and mosquitoes and flies are reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is achieved.
2. The pulse water distribution device adopted by the water inlet unit is a structure for mechanically distributing pulse water by utilizing buoyancy, and the purpose of converting continuous water into periodic water is realized. The device utilizes the buoyancy of the device and skillfully sets the water retaining structure, can realize the automatic adjustment of the water power, adjusts the water inflow rate of the constructed wetland and controls the water inflow period, has simple structure, high overall efficiency, no power, stable performance, no manual operation and convenient modularized design and installation, low energy consumption, low cost, small occupied area and basically daily management. Can effectively solve the problems of scattered discharge, small water quantity, poor water quality and difficult standard treatment with low cost of rural sewage.
3. According to the invention, an automatic cleaning system is integrated in the constructed wetland, the tail end of the water collecting main pipe of the constructed wetland extends into the water collecting tank, the tail end of the pipe is provided with the valve for controlling water outlet, the front end of the valve is provided with the vent pipe to extend to be higher than the surface of the wetland, so that the constructed wetland is conveniently cleaned, when the valve is normally opened for cleaning the constructed wetland in the working state of the constructed wetland, the valve is closed, and water in the water collecting tank is refilled into the vent pipe by the water pump to carry out the back cleaning of the constructed wetland, so that the problems of blockage and hardening frequently occurring in the common constructed wetland system are prevented, the cleaning is carried out once every half year, and the long-term stable operation of the constructed wetland is ensured.
4. The constructed wetland unit is formed by combining one or more constructed wetland modules, and each constructed wetland module has the same structure and is arranged in an array, so that the constructed wetland unit is convenient to carry out modularized complete design and batch production in factories, can be quickly assembled on site, and has the advantages of simple construction, short construction period, low manufacturing cost, extremely low operation cost and much smaller occupied area than the common constructed wetland.
5. The invention can realize the high-efficiency removal of C, N, P in sewage under the conditions of no artificial oxygen supply, no chemical agent, no energy consumption and no daily management basically, and the effluent can reach the first-level standard of national comprehensive sewage discharge standard; the whole system can realize automatic regulation and control of hydraulic power, no personnel is required to watch, an automatic control system is not required, and only a water level difference of 1.5 meters from water inlet to water outlet is required.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a top view of one form of a wastewater treatment system with pulsed water distribution and modular constructed wetland.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one form of construction of a sewage treatment system with pulsed water distribution and modular constructed wetland.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a single wetland module in a wastewater treatment system with pulsed water distribution and modular constructed wetland.
Fig. 4 is a structural view (lowest liquid level state) of the impulse type water distribution device of the water inlet unit.
Fig. 5 is a structural view (highest liquid level state) of the impulse type water distribution device of the water inlet unit.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a pretreatment unit (septic tank);
2. a water inlet unit (pulse water distribution device), 21, a water distribution tank, 22, a water inlet, 23, a water inlet pipe, 24, a hose, 25, a water outlet pipe, 26, a baffle and 27 limiters;
3. the constructed wetland unit (comprising a constructed wetland module and a water collecting tank) comprises a constructed wetland unit (31), an impermeable layer, a constructed wetland 32, a vent pipe, a constructed wetland compound filler matrix layer (33), a perforated water distribution pipe, a constructed wetland compound filler matrix layer (34), a perforated water collecting pipe, a constructed wetland backwashing device (36), a constructed wetland backwashing device, a constructed wetland water collecting tank (37), a constructed wetland water collecting tank (38) and a drain pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modular constructed wetland comprises a pretreatment unit 1, a water inlet unit 2 and a constructed wetland unit 3.
The pretreatment unit 1 is a septic tank in each farmer's home in rural areas. The water outlet is connected through the water inlet of the water inlet unit 2, the water inlet unit 2 is a pulse water distribution device, the water inlet, short temporary storage and drainage processes are completed in the pipe type automatic water inlet device after the water level reaches a certain height through the pipe type automatic water inlet device arranged in the water distribution tank, and the water falls to the bottom of the water tank along with the water level again, so that periodic pulse water distribution is realized for the constructed wetland unit 3.
The constructed wetland unit 3 is a gap type vertical downward flow constructed wetland structure and comprises a constructed wetland module and a water collecting tank 37. According to the requirement of the processing capacity, the constructed wetland module can be designed into one module or a plurality of constructed wetland modules are combined, and when the constructed wetland modules are designed into a plurality of modules, the constructed wetland modules have the same structure and are arranged in an array. The bottom of each constructed wetland module is paved with an impermeable layer 31, a perforated water collecting pipe 35 is arranged above the impermeable layer 31, a wetland composite filler matrix layer 34 is arranged above the impermeable layer 31 and the perforated water collecting pipe 35, and a perforated water distribution pipe 33 is arranged on the top layer of the wetland.
When being connected with an artificial wetland module, the water distribution pipe 33 is connected with the water outlet of the pulse type water distribution tank of the water inlet unit 2, is laid at the position 80-150 mm of the wetland surface layer, and the water distribution pipe 33 is provided with perforations, and comprises a water distribution main pipe and a plurality of water distribution branch pipes communicated with the water distribution main pipe, and the plurality of water distribution branch pipes are uniformly distributed above the wetland composite filler matrix layer 34 in an array. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are connected, a water distribution well can be additionally arranged behind the pulse water distribution tank and in front of the constructed wetland units, and the water distribution pipe 33 of each constructed wetland module is connected with the water outlet of the water distribution well in the water inlet unit through a total water distribution pipe.
When a wetland module is connected, the water collecting pipe 35 is also a perforated pipe, is laid on the upper part of the impermeable layer, comprises a water collecting main pipe and a plurality of water distributing branch pipes communicated with the water collecting main pipe, and the water collecting branch pipes are uniformly distributed below the wetland composite filler matrix layer 34 in an array and are inclined to the water collecting tank according to a certain gradient. The water collecting main pipe and the water collecting branch pipe are provided with corresponding vent pipes 32 at the starting ends, the tail end of the water collecting main pipe is provided with a valve 39, and the front end of the valve 39 is provided with a backwashing pipe. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are connected, the water collecting pipe 35 of each wetland module is communicated with a total water collecting pipe, the tail end of the total water collecting pipe is provided with a valve 39, and the front end of the valve 39 is provided with a back flushing pipe.
When an artificial wetland module is connected, the water collection tank 37 is arranged behind the artificial wetland module and is provided with a wetland self-cleaning backwash device 36. The wetland self-cleaning backwash device 36 is connected with a water collecting main pipe of a perforated water collecting pipe 35 in the constructed wetland module in a water collecting tank 37 and is provided with a water pump. The sump 37 is also provided with a drain 38 for discharging the clean water obtained after the treatment. When a plurality of constructed wetland modules are connected, the wetland self-cleaning backwash device 36 is connected with the total water collection pipe of the wetland modules in a water collection tank 37 and is provided with a water pump. The sump 37 is also provided with a drain 38 for discharging the clean water obtained after the treatment.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the pulse type water distribution device of the water inlet unit 2 specifically comprises a water distribution tank 21 and a tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device arranged in the tank. The water distribution tank 21 is provided with a water distribution tank water inlet 22 for connecting sewage in the septic tank.
The tubular automatic water inlet device comprises a water inlet pipe 23, a corrugated hose 24 and a water outlet pipe 25 which are connected in sequence.
The water outlet pipe 25 is arranged at the bottom of the water distribution tank, penetrates out of the tank body from an opening at the bottom of the water distribution tank, and ensures sealing at the opening. The water outlet pipe 25 is preferably arranged horizontally or nearly horizontally, so that smooth water discharge is facilitated.
The water inlet pipe 23 and the water outlet pipe 25 are connected through the corrugated hose 24, so that the water inlet pipe 23 can be ensured to freely move when being subjected to buoyancy of water. And the hose 24 can ensure that the inlet pipe smoothly floats to a position lower than the highest water level where the liquid level rises.
The total gravity of the water inlet pipe 23 is designed to be smaller than the buoyancy of water, and the difference value between the water inlet pipe 23 and the water inlet pipe is about 75% -90% of the gravity of the water when the water inlet pipe 23 temporarily stores water, so that the water inlet pipe has enough buoyancy to float upwards in a water storage period, and meanwhile, enough weight can sink to the bottom end of the water inlet tank rapidly after the water storage period is finished. However, the maximum height of the water inlet pipe is limited by the extending length of the flexible pipe, and the maximum height of the water inlet pipe is designed to be lower than the maximum water level of the water inlet of the water distribution tank, so that the water inlet pipe can float along with the rising of the liquid level in the water distribution tank in the beginning of a water storage period of the water distribution tank, and the liquid level is gradually higher than the water inlet pipe after the water inlet pipe floats to the maximum height, and as shown in fig. 4, sewage in the water distribution tank begins to flow into the water inlet pipe, so that the dead weight of the water inlet pipe increases, and the sewage sinks to the bottom of the water distribution tank.
The water inlet pipe 23 is internally provided with a water retaining structure consisting of a baffle 26 and a flow restrictor 27, and when the water retaining structure is closed, short temporary storage of water is realized, so that the moment of the water inlet pipe is larger than the buoyancy moment, and then the water is sunk. The upper end of the baffle 26 is rotatably connected with the upper side of the inner wall of the water inlet pipe 23 by taking the horizontal state of the water inlet pipe as a reference, and can be turned back and forth freely to realize opening and closing. The lower end of the baffle 26 is provided with a water blocking part, and when the baffle is closed, a part of water is temporarily stored in the front part of the water inlet pipe. The stopper 27 is fixed to the lower side of the inner wall of the water inlet pipe 23 and located behind the baffle 26 (in the direction of water flow), and is inclined toward the baffle 26, preferably at an inclination of 60 to 80 degrees. When the baffle 26 is turned backwards, the water retaining parts are in contact with the limiters 27, and then the water retaining structures are matched with each other, so that a closed relationship is formed.
The rotatable connection of the baffle 26 to the inner wall of the inlet pipe 23 may be in various forms known to those skilled in the art as a hinged connection, a swivel pin connection, or the like. The lower end of the water retaining part is a part of the cross section shape of the whole water inlet pipe, and the water retaining part can be semicircular, square and other shapes along with the cross section shape. So long as it is sufficient to locally block the passage of the proceeding tube portion after the combination with the stopper.
The working mode of the water retaining structure is as follows: at the initial stage of water inflow of the water inflow pipe 23, the water inflow pipe 23 is in an inclined upward floating state, the baffle 26 is inclined backwards by a certain angle under the action of self gravity, the periphery of the water blocking part of the baffle 26 is attached to the limiter 27, namely, the water blocking structure is closed, the water inflow is blocked to the water outflow pipe temporarily, and short temporary water storage is started. When the water inlet pipe 23 is increased in weight due to water storage, the water starts to sink rapidly, meanwhile, the water inlet also exceeds the height of the water retaining part and flows to the water outlet pipe, the device starts to drain, and the water storage state is finished. In the sinking process of the water inlet pipe 23, the baffle 26 is gradually changed from an inclined state to a vertical state under the action of self gravity and is separated from the limiter 27, and after the water inlet pipe 23 is sunk to a horizontal state, namely to the bottom of the water distribution tank, the liquid level is lower than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe 23, so that a drainage period is completed.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the front end of the water inlet pipe 25 is preferably designed as a bent pipe structure, the inlet of which is bent upwards by an angle of 110-150 degrees, so that the structure can better ensure that the liquid level is substantially level with the water inlet pipe orifice when the water level in the water distribution phase reaches the highest level.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, the pipe diameter of the water inlet pipe 25 is also designed to be larger than the pipe diameters of the water inlet pipe hose 24 and the water outlet pipe 25, and the ratio is preferably 2:1-3:1, so that the water inlet pipe hose is more easily adapted, the flow rate of the water outlet is increased, and the flow rate requirement of the water distribution system in the subsequent treatment process is satisfied.
In the invention, a wetland module in the intermittent vertical downward flow artificial wetland adopts an intermittent operation mode, water is periodically distributed to the artificial wetland through the pulse water distribution device, air in a drainage period enters a matrix layer along with the water level in the wetland to form an aerobic matrix environment, and pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the wetland.
The working procedure of this embodiment is:
after entering the pretreatment unit 1 and undergoing preliminary sedimentation fermentation treatment, the rural toilet sewage enters the pulse water distribution tank 21 in the water inlet unit 2 from the water inlet 22. In the water storage period, the tubular automatic water inlet device in the pulse water distribution tank 21 floats upwards along with the rising of the liquid level in the water distribution tank, the buoyancy is mainly provided for the device through the water inlet pipe 23 with a large pipe diameter, the gravity and the buoyancy of the tubular automatic water inlet device are kept balanced, and the tubular automatic water inlet device rises along with the rising of the water level. When the water level reaches a certain height, the water inlet, temporary storage and drainage processes are completed in the tubular automatic water inlet device, and the tubular automatic water inlet device descends to the bottom of the tank along with the water level again, so that the fluctuation of the sewage inflow is regulated. When the liquid level rises to the highest water level, the device is not floated any more due to the structure and the self-weight constraint (same as the above), sewage in the tank flows into the device through the water inlet bent pipe, so that the self weight of the device is increased, the moment balance between buoyancy and gravity is broken, the device begins to sink quickly, and the sewage is continuously discharged through the hose; when the device is submerged to the bottom, the liquid level in the water distribution device is lowered to the lowest water level, at the moment, the water discharge period is ended, and the next water storage period is started.
The tubular automatic water inlet device in the water distribution tank 21 realizes periodic pulse water distribution by utilizing buoyancy to enter the gap type vertical downward flow artificial wetland unit 3. The intermittent vertical downward flow constructed wetland of the modular type adopts an intermittent operation mode, and during the drainage period, sewage in the pulse type water distribution tank enters the constructed wetland module through the water distribution pipe 33, pollutants in the sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the wetland, and purified water enters the water collection tank 37 for collection and storage through the perforated water collection pipe 35. In the water storage period between the two drainage periods, air enters the wetland composite filler matrix, so that the dissolved oxygen level of the wetland bed is improved, the biodegradation of organic matters and the nitrification process of ammonia nitrogen are enhanced, the higher-level dissolved oxygen concentration in the constructed wetland is ensured, the carbon oxidization and nitrification of the wetland are ensured, and the water quality of effluent is ensured.
The treated sewage is collected in the constructed wetland module by the perforated water collecting pipe 35, and the valves are normally opened when the main pipe and the branch pipe of the perforated water collecting pipe are in a normal working state. The treated clean water is stored in a sump 37 and finally discharged through a drain pipe 38.
During the self-cleaning back flushing of the wetland, the valve of the perforated water collecting pipe 35 is closed, and clean water in the water collecting tank 37 is refilled from the top end of the wetland back flushing device 36 to the artificial wetland module by a water pump through the perforated water collecting pipe 35, so that the cleaning process is completed.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that the description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments shown, but rather is provided for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments shown in the various embodiments as a whole, and that other embodiments may be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularized artificial wetland comprises a pretreatment unit (1), a water inlet unit (2) and an artificial wetland unit (3) which are sequentially arranged; the method is characterized in that: the pretreatment unit (1) is a septic tank and is arranged at the front end of the water inlet unit (2); the constructed wetland unit (3) comprises one or more constructed wetland modules and a water collecting tank (37) arranged behind the constructed wetland modules; the constructed wetland module is of a gap type vertical downward flow constructed wetland structure, and a water distribution pipe (33), a wetland composite filler matrix layer (34), a water collecting pipe (35) and an impermeable layer (31) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the water distribution pipe (33) is connected with a water outlet of the water inlet unit (2); a wetland self-cleaning back flushing device (36) and a drain pipe (38) are arranged in the water collecting tank, and the wetland self-cleaning back flushing device (36) is connected with a valve at the tail end of a water collecting main pipe of the constructed wetland module through a vent pipe (32); the water inlet unit (2) is a pulse water distribution device, water is periodically distributed to the artificial wetland unit (3) through the water inlet unit (2), air in a drainage period enters a matrix layer along with the water level in the wetland to form an aerobic matrix environment, and pollutants in sewage are comprehensively degraded by microorganisms, matrixes and plants in the wetland, so that sewage treatment is realized;
the pulse water distribution device comprises a water distribution tank (21) and a tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device arranged in the water distribution tank; the water distribution tank is provided with a water inlet (22); the tubular automatic water inlet and outlet device comprises a water inlet pipe (23), a hose (24), a water outlet pipe (25) and an openable and closable water retaining structure; the water outlet pipe (25) is arranged at the bottom of the water distribution tank and penetrates out of an opening at the bottom of the water distribution tank; the water inlet pipe (23) is connected with the water outlet pipe (25) through a hose (24) and is in a freely movable state, the gravity of the water inlet pipe is smaller than the buoyancy of the water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is limited by the hose, and the highest floating height of the water inlet pipe is lower than the highest water level of water inlet of the water distribution tank; the openable water retaining structure is arranged in the water inlet pipe (23) and can be opened and closed along with the position change of the water inlet pipe (23); in a water storage period of the water distribution tank, the water inlet pipe floats upwards along with the rising of the liquid level in the water distribution tank, when the water distribution tank floats upwards to the highest height, the water retaining structure is closed, the liquid level is higher than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe (23), water in the water distribution tank begins to flow into the water inlet pipe, a water storage space is formed in the front of the water inlet pipe (23), short temporary water storage is carried out, the dead weight of the water inlet pipe is increased to begin sinking, the water retaining structure is opened, sewage is discharged out of the water distribution device through the water inlet pipe (23), a hose (24) and a water outlet pipe (25), when the water inlet pipe sinks to the bottom of the water distribution tank, the liquid level is lower than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe (23), a water discharge period is completed, the water inlet pipe begins to float upwards along with the liquid level, and the next water storage period is started, and thus circulation is formed;
the openable and closable water retaining structure comprises a baffle (26) and a limiter (27); the lower end of the baffle (26) is a water retaining part, and the upper end of the baffle is connected with the upper side of the inner wall of the water inlet pipe (23) and can freely turn back and forth without a limiter (27); the limiter (27) is fixed on the lower side of the inner wall of the water inlet pipe (23), is positioned behind the baffle (26), is inclined towards the direction of the baffle (6), and is matched with the water retaining part of the baffle (26); in the initial stage of water inflow of the water inlet pipe (23), the water inlet pipe (23) is in an inclined upward floating state, the baffle (26) is inclined backwards by a certain angle under the action of self gravity, the periphery of the water retaining part is attached to the limiter (27), namely the water retaining structure is closed, the water inflow is blocked to the water outlet pipe for a short time, and short temporary storage of water begins; the water inlet pipe (23) starts to sink due to the weight increase of the stored water, the water inlet exceeds the height of the water retaining part, and the water storage state is finished; in the sinking process of the water inlet pipe (23), the baffle (26) is gradually changed into a vertical state from an inclined state under the action of self gravity and is separated from the limiter (27), namely, the water retaining structure is opened to quickly drain water, and after the water inlet pipe (3) is sunk to be close to a horizontal state, the liquid level is lower than the pipe orifice of the water inlet pipe (23), so that a drainage period is completed.
2. The wastewater treatment system with pulsed water distribution and modular constructed wetland according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of constructed wetland modules are employed, each constructed wetland module is identical and a plurality of constructed wetland module arrays are arranged.
3. The sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularization constructed wetland according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the constructed wetland unit is formed by combining a plurality of constructed wetland modules, a water distribution well is arranged behind the pulse water distribution device and in front of the constructed wetland unit, and water is distributed to each constructed wetland module by the water distribution well respectively.
4. The sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularization constructed wetland according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water distribution pipe (33) in the constructed wetland module comprises a main water distribution pipe and a plurality of branch water distribution pipes communicated with the main water distribution pipe, the plurality of branch water distribution pipes are uniformly distributed above the composite filler matrix of the wetland, and when the constructed wetland module is a plurality of constructed wetland modules, the water inlet unit is connected with the main water distribution pipe of each constructed wetland module through the total water distribution pipe.
5. The sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularization constructed wetland according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water collecting pipe (35) in the constructed wetland module comprises a water collecting main pipe and a plurality of water collecting branch pipes communicated with the water collecting main pipe, the plurality of water collecting branch pipes are horizontally laid above the impermeable layer and uniformly distributed in an array, and when the constructed wetland module is a plurality of constructed wetland modules, the water collecting main pipe of each constructed wetland module is connected with the water collecting tank through the water collecting pipe.
6. The wastewater treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularization constructed wetland according to claim 5, wherein the water collecting main pipe and the water collecting branch pipe are provided with holes at the upper ends, and the pipe top is flush with the impermeable layer top.
7. The sewage treatment system with pulse water distribution and modularization constructed wetland according to claim 5, wherein the main water collecting pipe and the main water collecting pipe are inclined to the water collecting pool at the tail end of the constructed wetland according to a certain gradient, and are provided with corresponding ventilating pipes, the tail end of the main water collecting pipe in the water collecting pool is provided with a valve for controlling water outlet, and the front end of the valve is provided with a back flushing pipe for facilitating the periodic cleaning of the constructed wetland.
8. The wastewater treatment system with pulsed water distribution and modular constructed wetland according to claim 5, wherein the cleaning water source of said wetland self-cleaning backwash means (36) is from a sump and recharged to the constructed wetland from the top of a breather pipe by a water pump.
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| CN115340184A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-15 | 悉地（苏州）勘察设计顾问有限公司 | Anti-blocking type biological detention pond system and working method thereof |
| CN116393112A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-07-07 | 山东科技大学 | Preparation method of iron-carbon particles and reinforced constructed wetland dephosphorization method based on iron-carbon particles |
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| CN102877536A (en) * | 2012-10-08 | 2013-01-16 | 马晶 | Mounting and debugging methods for duckweed separating type quantitative floating effluent device |
| CN103159380A (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2013-06-19 | 山东泓美水务科技有限公司 | Zero-energy-consumption sewage treatment system and method for constructed wetlands |
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