CN110435143B - 3D prints porous bearing structure - Google Patents
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- CN110435143B CN110435143B CN201910826956.XA CN201910826956A CN110435143B CN 110435143 B CN110435143 B CN 110435143B CN 201910826956 A CN201910826956 A CN 201910826956A CN 110435143 B CN110435143 B CN 110435143B
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co] Chemical class [Cr].[Co] WAIPAZQMEIHHTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
The invention provides a 3D printing porous supporting structure and relates to the technical field of 3D printing. This porous bearing structure is printed to 3D is gradient porous structure, and 3D prints porous bearing structure's gap size from bottom to top and descends progressively. Through setting up the 3D that the space size decreased progressively from bottom to top and printing porous bearing structure for 3D prints work piece and 3D and prints porous bearing structure's remaining powder and can follow the inside space natural fall of 3D printing porous bearing structure, waits to print the completion, removes 3D and prints porous bearing structure and work piece, and 3D prints and remains the powder and piles up together, is favorable to the reutilization of follow-up material, has also solved simultaneously and has remained the powder and has got rid of difficult problem.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a porous supporting structure for 3D printing.
Background
Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a new product manufacturing technology that integrates computer aided design and manufacturing technology, reverse engineering technology, layered manufacturing technology (SFF), material removal forming (MPR), and material addition forming (MAP) technologies. In general, the rapid prototyping technology is to divide three-dimensional CAD data into a plurality of superimposed effects of two-dimensional data by using computer software, then process and shape each layer of data and superimpose them in sequence, and finally produce a desired three-dimensional model.
Metallic 3D printing technology has received attention among many types of rapid prototyping technology, and the forefront has been currently exposed in various manufacturing fields. The main application fields of metal 3D printing at present are automobile manufacturing, aerospace, industrial manufacturing, biomedical and the like, and the metal 3D printing technology is printing various parts or products for various industries. The metal 3D printing has the advantages that a complex metal structure can be formed, but a part of supporting structure is required to be added to support a workpiece when the workpiece is printed, so that the printing is guaranteed to be completed smoothly. Printing workpieces with complex external structures often requires adding more complex support structures such as positions, strength and structures. The process of metal 3D printing is a process of melting and rapidly cooling and solidifying a metal powder material or a wire material by an energy beam, so that internal stress with different sizes exists at different positions inside a formed workpiece. The case of printing failure due to the choice of support structure, or improper setting of intensity, is frequent.
The support structures that are currently common are mainly lamellar supports, tree supports, conical supports and solid supports, but these supports have some drawbacks to a greater or lesser extent. For example, the powder inside the sheet intersection after printing by a common sheet-type support cannot be removed before line cutting, which wastes powder material and may cause the cutter to malfunction as the powder contacts the cutting line during line cutting. The tree-shaped support and the conical support have the problem of difficulty in support removal, and the tree-shaped support or the conical support is not suitable for being added when a workpiece with a large breadth is printed. The added solid support not only wastes printing raw materials greatly, but also increases printing time and printing cost greatly and is more difficult to remove.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a 3D printing porous support structure. The supporting structure can effectively solve the problem that residual powder in the supporting structure is difficult to remove.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the 3D printing porous support structure is of a gradient porous structure, and the size of a gap of the 3D printing porous support structure is gradually reduced from bottom to top.
Through setting up the 3D that the space size decreased progressively from bottom to top and printing porous bearing structure for 3D prints work piece and 3D and prints porous bearing structure's remaining powder and can follow the inside space natural fall of 3D printing porous bearing structure, waits to print the completion, removes bearing structure and work piece, and 3D prints and remains the powder and piles up together, is favorable to the reutilization of follow-up material, has also solved simultaneously and has remained the powder and has got rid of difficult problem.
The gradient porous structure is arranged, the strength, the shape and the size of a gap can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode according to the printing thermal stress, so that the strength, the shape and the gap of the supporting structure can be set according to the size of the internal stress of different workpieces to be printed and the shape of the workpieces, and the possibility of stress deformation or warping of the workpieces during printing is reduced. During specific operation, the corresponding support structure model can be correspondingly designed by constructing the workpiece model, so that the strength, the shape and the gap size of the support structure model meet the support strength requirement of the workpiece.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porous structure of the 3D printing porous support structure is any one of the following structures: the structure comprises a gradient porous structure consisting of a plurality of unit body arrays, a branch cross-shaped structure and a porous structure formed by hollowing out a solid structure part.
And selecting a proper gradient porous structure as a support structure according to the model of the workpiece to be printed, so that the possibility of stress deformation or warping during printing can be reduced, and the probability of printing failure is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porous structure is a continuous gradient structure or a discrete gradient structure, and the acute angles formed by the side walls of the intersecting branches or unit bodies inside the gradient porous structure and the horizontal direction are all greater than or equal to 45 °.
If the acute angle formed by the side walls of the cross branches or the unit bodies in the gradient porous structure and the horizontal direction is less than 45 degrees, the forming quality is poor, and the forming quality is poor when the angle is smaller.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the porous structure is a discrete gradient structure, the discrete gradient structure comprises at least two gradient structures from bottom to top, the strength of the branches from bottom to top decreases, the size of the gaps from bottom to top decreases, and the cross-sectional shape of the branches from bottom to top gradually changes from a polygon to a strip polygon with a long side.
Being provided with like this and doing benefit to and guaranteeing bearing structure's steadiness, reduce 3D and print the probability of failure.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the porous structure is a continuous gradient structure, the continuous gradient structure comprises a trunk structure and a cross-branch structure, wherein the thicknesses of the trunk structure and the cross-branch structure from bottom to top decrease, the size of the pores from bottom to top decreases, and the number of the pores from bottom to top increases.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the supporting structure is a gradient porous structure formed by a plurality of unit bodies, the cross-sectional shape of the top surface of each unit body is circular, elliptical, triangular or polygonal, and the unit bodies are pentahedral, hexahedral, octahedral, decahedral, dodecahedral, tetradecahedron, hexadecahedron, octadecahedral, icosahedral, cylindrical, circular truncated cone or elliptical table;
preferably, the cross section of the top surface of the unit body is square;
preferably, the unit cell is octahedral.
Through the three-dimensional array arrangement of a plurality of unit bodies, the workpiece is favorably supported three-dimensionally, and the shape of the unit bodies and the shape of the cross section of the top surface are selected according to the shape of the workpiece to be supported, so that the risk of 3D printing failure is reduced to the maximum extent.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the support structure is 3-200mm, the size of the gap of the gradient porous structure is 0.2-50mm, and the thickness or diameter of the branch is 0.1-5 mm.
When the height of the workpiece is higher, the height of the 3D printing porous support structure is adjusted to be increased, and when the height of the workpiece is lower, the height of the support structure is adjusted in a self-adaptive mode. The thickness of the branches is set to be 0.1-5mm, if the branches are too thin, the branches are easily broken by internal stress to cause failure of the supporting structure, and if the branches are too thick, waste of printing materials is caused, and time cost is consumed too much. The size of the gap of the gradient porous structure is set to be 0.2-50mm, if the gap is too small, the cleaning of residual powder is influenced, and if the gap is too large, the strength of the supporting structure is influenced.
Preferably, the top end of the 3D printing porous support structure is used for workpiece contact connection or branch insertion inside the workpiece, and the bottom end of the support structure is used for printing base contact connection. The size of the branch inserted into the workpiece is 0-1 mm.
The contact surface between the top surface of the supporting structure and the surface of the workpiece can be greatly reduced, and the subsequent separation treatment of the supporting structure and the workpiece is facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom end of the support structure is optionally provided with a chamfer at the portion contacted by the printing base;
preferably, the chamfer is a rounded chamfer having a dimension R0.1mm-R5 mm.
The bottom through printing porous bearing structure in 3D sets up the chamfer with the part of printing the base contact and can solve stress concentration's problem, and when carrying out thermal treatment to bearing structure, the release of stress, internal organization structure redistributes, is difficult for appearing the crackle, reduces and warp. The shape of the chamfer can be selected as desired.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material of the support structure is the same as the material of the workpiece;
preferably, the material of the support structure is a metal material, and the metal material is stainless steel, die steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or nickel-based alloy.
By arranging the supporting structure to be made of the same material as the workpiece, on one hand, when the top end of the supporting structure is inserted into the workpiece, the workpiece is not polluted; on the other hand, the recycling of the residual powder can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the end surface of the top end of the supporting structure contacting the workpiece is a plane, a curved surface or a sawtooth surface.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the strength of the branches of the supporting structure decreases from bottom to top.
The strength of the whole supporting structure is gradually weakened from bottom to top, and the separation treatment of the subsequent supporting structure and the workpiece is facilitated. If the strength is high, defects such as holes, cracks, and the like are easily generated on the workpiece itself. The strength of the whole supporting structure is gradually weakened from bottom to top, and separation treatment is greatly facilitated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the 3D printing porous supporting structure provided by the invention, the size of the gap of the 3D printing porous supporting structure is gradually reduced from bottom to top, so that the residual powder can be ensured to slide to the lower part of the supporting structure along the gap of the supporting structure during 3D printing, and the size of the gap at the lower part is large, thereby being beneficial to recycling of the residual powder after printing is completed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is an elevation view of a discrete gradient support structure;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a discrete gradient support structure;
FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a discrete gradient support structure;
FIG. 4 is a front (left) and perspective (right) view of the first gradient support after chamfering;
FIG. 5 is an oblique view of a dendritic continuous gradient porous support structure unit structure;
FIG. 6 is a side view of a dendritic continuous gradient porous support structure cell structure;
FIG. 7 is a top view of a dendritic continuous gradient porous support structure unit structure;
FIG. 8 is a top view of a dendritic continuous gradient porous support structure unit structure;
FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a dendritic continuous gradient porous support structure after chamfering the unit structure;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a supporting structure composed of an array of dendritic continuous gradient porous supporting structure unit structures.
Icon: 100-a support structure; 110 — first gradient support; 111-branches; 120-a second gradient support; 130-a third gradient support; 200-a workpiece; 300-trunk; 400-cross branch.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when in use, and are used only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
In the present embodiment, a discrete gradient porous support structure is provided, and referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, a workpiece 200 is connected to a support structure 100 in a contact manner, and the support structure 100 is a porous structure and includes a first gradient support 110, a second gradient support 120, and a third gradient support 130 from bottom to top. The strength of the branches from the first gradient support 110, the second gradient support 120 to the third gradient support 130 is reduced in sequence, the sizes of the gaps are reduced in sequence, and the cross-sectional shape of the branch 111 is gradually changed from a quadrangle to a rectangle.
The porous support structure provided by this embodiment is composed of an array of basic unit structures, and as shown in fig. 3, the basic model of the unit bodies is an octahedral structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the branches is a square.
Only the third support gradient 130 of the porous support structure is in contact with the workpiece 200 and the first support gradient 110 is in contact with the substrate. The cross section of the third gradient support 130 is changed into a rectangular section when contacting the workpiece 200, and a chamfer is optionally added when the first gradient support 110 contacts the substrate, in the embodiment, no chamfer is added in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the chamfer can be added in a size of 0.1mm-5mm as shown in fig. 4. The stress concentration problem can be solved by arranging the chamfer.
The height of the discrete gradient support structure in this embodiment is in the range of 3-200mm, and when the height of the workpiece to be printed is higher, the height of the first gradient support 110 is increased to a suitable height, while the heights of the second gradient support 120 and the third gradient support 130 can be increased or kept unchanged as appropriate.
In the embodiment, the section of the branch 111 is square, and the side length ranges from 0.1mm to 5 mm. Wherein the side length of the branch of the first gradient support 110 is controlled within the range of 0.5-5 mm. This arrangement prevents the branches 111 from being too thin and causing the first gradient support 110 to be broken by stress within the entire support structure.
Further, in other embodiments, the porous support structure may also be added in the form of: the above-mentioned support structure 100 is required to be added to both the a region and the B region of the model bottom surface, wherein the thermal stress of the B region is concentrated and the deformation is more likely. In view of the above situation, the branch side length and the branch strength of the third gradient support 130 of the gradient porous support structure in the B region are selected to be increased, and the branch side length and the branch strength of the corresponding first gradient support 110 and second gradient support 120 are also appropriately increased. The thermal stress of the area A is small, the side length and the strength of the branches of the third gradient support 130 in the area A are selected to be reduced, and the side length and the strength of the branches of the corresponding first gradient support 110 and the second gradient support 120 are also appropriately reduced. Therefore, the support of different positions of the same workpiece is realized, and the structural strength of the first gradient support 110, the second gradient support 120 and the third gradient support 130 can be adaptively adjusted according to the workpiece.
Example 2
This embodiment provides a branch type continuous gradient porous supporting structure, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a unit model, specifically including 4 trunks 300 and a plurality of cross branches 400, as can be seen from fig. 5, the trunks 300 and the cross branches 400 from bottom to top are tapered, and the cross branches 400 are tapered. The size of the multiple holes is gradually reduced from bottom to top, and the number of the multiple holes is gradually increased from bottom to top. Referring to fig. 6, the cross-branches 400 are angled at 45 ° to the horizontal.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the tops of the unit structures of the dendritic continuous gradient porous support structures have changed from thick round branches to thin oval branches. The section of the branch is circular, the diameter of the section is 0.1-5mm, and the height of the branch is 3-200 mm. The bottom of the cell structure is in contact with the substrate. Chamfers may also be added when the bottom of the cell structure is in contact with the substrate, as shown with reference to fig. 9.
When the branch-type continuous gradient porous support structure provided by the embodiment is used for supporting a workpiece, the array arrangement of a plurality of unit structures is required according to the requirement of the workpiece. The gap between two adjacent unit structures is in the range of 0.1-2mm, one of the simplest array forms is shown in fig. 10, and the 12 unit structures are closely arrayed in 4 rows and 3 columns in fig. 10. In other embodiments, the number of rows and columns may be adjusted as desired.
Furthermore, because the lower bottom surface of the workpiece needing to be supported is not necessarily a plane, when the workpiece is arranged in a curved surface lower array, the top of the unit structure is taken as a reference, and if the supported height exceeds the height of the unit structure model, the bottom of the unit structure model is uniformly stretched and extended to the position of the substrate and is in plane contact with the substrate.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A3D printing porous support structure is characterized in that the 3D printing porous support structure is a gradient porous structure;
the porous structure of the 3D printing porous support structure is a gradient porous structure formed by a plurality of unit body arrays; the porous structure is a discrete gradient structure, and acute angles formed by the side walls of the unit bodies in the porous structure and the horizontal direction are more than or equal to 45 degrees; when the 3D printing porous support structure is a gradient porous structure formed by a plurality of unit body arrays, the shape of the unit body and the shape of the cross section of the top surface are selected according to the shape of a workpiece to be supported; the cross section of the top surface of each unit body is circular, elliptical or polygonal; the unit body is a pentahedron, a hexahedron, an octahedron, a decahedron, a dodecahedron, a tetradecahedron, a hexadecahedron, an octadecahedron, an icosahedron, a cylinder, a round table or an elliptical table;
the discrete gradient structure comprises at least two gradient structures from bottom to top, the strength of the branches from bottom to top is in a descending trend, the size of gaps from bottom to top is in a descending trend, and the cross section shape of the branches from bottom to top is gradually changed from a polygon into a strip polygon with a long side;
the height of the 3D printing porous support structure is 3-200mm, the size of a gap of the gradient porous structure is 0.2-50mm, and the thickness or the diameter of a branch is 0.1-5 mm.
2. The 3D printed porous support structure according to claim 1, wherein the top surface cross-sectional shape of the unit cells is square;
the unit body is a regular octahedron.
3. The 3D printed porous support structure according to claim 1, wherein the portion of the bottom end of the 3D printed porous support structure for printing base contact is chamfered;
the chamfer is a round chamfer, and the size of the round chamfer is R0.1mm-R5 mm.
4. The 3D printed porous support structure according to claim 3, wherein the material of the 3D printed porous support structure is consistent with the material of the workpiece to be supported;
the material of the 3D printing porous support structure is a metal material, and the metal material is stainless steel, die steel, titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy or nickel-based alloy.
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| CN109501249B (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2024-02-23 | 西安国宏天易智能科技有限公司 | Variable-section open-pore grid supporting structure and generation method thereof |
| CN112848285A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-05-28 | 裕克施乐塑料制品（太仓）有限公司 | 3D printing powder cleaning chain and powder cleaning method |
| CN113147027B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-02-24 | 重庆市华港科技有限公司 | 3D printing method of small product |
| CN113500207A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-15 | 华南理工大学 | Manufacturing method of conformal cooling mold for preparing self-supporting runner through metal 3D printing |
| CN113619115B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-05-19 | 武汉阿尔法激光有限公司 | Large-format 3D printing method and printing structure with variable size |
| CN114713851B (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2024-04-05 | 青岛中科睿航航空科技有限公司 | Method for 3D printing of thin-walled workpiece |
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