CN110427594A - It is suitble to the meteorological element data-acquisition system of small-size laboratory - Google Patents
It is suitble to the meteorological element data-acquisition system of small-size laboratory Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of meteorological element data-acquisition systems of suitable small-size laboratory, by an at least high-performance calculation platform, data pretreatment, WRF numerical weather prediction model, Data Post Processing System and Database Systems composition, innovative proposes high-performance calculation hardware platform in shortage meteorological data area acquisition meteorological data and to the lattice point meteorological data NO emissions reduction system of coarse resolution, in the specific region that user needs, export the meteorological data variable that user needs, make high-spatial and temporal resolution, high-precision lattice point meteorological data, carry out the high spatial resolution weather forecast of urban medium and long-term group's scale, it can be atmosphere pollution, land-surface hydrological process, the subjects such as urban climate and urban transportation provide basic meteorological data, it is provided for Future Climate Change Scenarios (CMIP5) finer Regional scale climate change data.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lattice point meteorological datas to generate production field, in particular to a kind of meteorology of suitable small-size laboratory
Factor data acquisition system.
Background technique
Under the demand of scientific fine-grained management, design, planning and operation just more need high time and high-space resolution
The meteorological data of rate.Currently, the construction surface weather observation that the departments such as China Meteorological Administration, Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Agriculture do one's utmost
Net.Under nearly construction in 60 years, Chinese ground automatic meteorological observation net station quantity has been over 300,000.In Eastern China
Area, the spacial distribution density of weather station have reached 1/10km2.In China's western region, weather station major deployments are in life
State environment is preferably regional, and the biggish complex mountainous of special heterogeneity (such as Xinjiang Tianshan mountain range, Qinghai-Tibet Platean), large area
Area there is no the intensive monitoring of automatic weather station.And these areas are the cradles for flowing through downstream Desert Area river.As western
The important area of the such ecological environment in mountain area lacks high-spatial and temporal resolution meteorological data, becomes the neck such as ecology, the hydrology, meteorology
The bottleneck problem of domain scientific research and engineering construction.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, people have carried out various explorations in the prior art and method is improved, but effect is all bad, such as
Shown in lower:
A kind of Multifunctional climate data capture method, application number: 201410303156.7 applyings date: 2014-06-27, it is main
It is technically characterized in that, built-up by following steps:
(1) pass through the method for successive Regression, building temperature grid (lattice point) data and digital elevation model within the base period
(Digital Elevation Model, DEM) establishes multivariate regression models (linear model) on moon scale, and respectively to return
Return model to seek first-order partial derivative to height above sea level, obtains temperature variables and equation is adjusted to height above sea level；
(2) master reference period precipitation Grid data is converted into any spatial discrimination using bilinearity distance weighted interpolation algorithm
Base period (referring generally to for 1961 ~ nineteen ninety) the lattice point precipitation data Pd of rate；Equation is adjusted in conjunction with the temperature height above sea level of step (1)
And bilinear interpolation algorithm, arbitrary resolution lattice point temperature number is converted by master reference period lattice point temperature raster data
According to Tbe；
(3) generation of different times climatic data: data include the following 2010- predicted in 1961-2012 and IPCC AR4
, tri- periods of 2040-2069 and 2070-2099 climatic data month by month in 2039；For any point P, in anomaly deviation
Its four are searched in basic climatic data closest to pixel, and An is obtained using the distance weighted interpolation of bilinearity, i.e., the point away from
Level values are added, to obtain the final basic Climatic analogue value with the corresponding position Tbe or Pd obtained in step (2)；
(4) the monthly average basis temperature variables generated in step (3) are combined, daily 2m temperature is generated by harmonious wave fitting equation and is become
Amount generates three new derivation temperature variables, daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimal tcmperature.
In that patent, by Climatic (temperature) etc., the relational assumption between height above sea level landform is to measure to applicant, is not sent out
Changing, therefore can be extrapolated according to temperature with the statistics that elevation changes.However disadvantage of the invention is obvious:
First, the special heterogeneity of ground mulching is not accounted for, such as variation and leeward slope gas of the temperature with elevation of windward slope
Temperature is entirely different with the variation of elevation；
Second, this hair invention needs are relatively intensive in ground station, or directly serve as website using coarse grid data, but in
State is western or deficency is as sector of observation, and possibility is generally existing not to have the case where enough website fitting formula coefficients, so that this method
Do not have versatility；
Third, other than temperature, dependent variable day scale and the variation relation of elevation whether there is, this is to need to discuss
Defect, and this is exactly theory and Research foundation of the invention.
4th, the probability distribution of precipitation is gamma distribution, cannot be superimposed in step 3, otherwise the magnitude intensity essence of precipitation
Degree will receive influence.
Meteorological element interpolation appraisal procedure based on Delaunay triangulation network, application number: 201410485014.7, application
Day: 2014-09-22 is mainly characterized in that, is specifically comprised the following steps:
Step A acquires meteorological element data, including temperature, precipitation, air pressure, humidity；
Step B constructs Delaunay triangulation network using two-dimentional convex hull parallel algorithm；
Meteorological element data are filled into each mesh point of Delaunay triangulation network by step C so that Delaunay triangulation network at
For the piecewise linearity curved surface on three-dimensional space；
Step D obtains the spatial distribution of meteorological element using the spatial interpolation methods for climate resources of Delaunay triangulation network；
Step E, inversely acquires the spatial and temporal distributions of meteorological element, to obtain the meteorological element data on regional scale.
But space in actual use, is interpolated into website meteorological data using Delaunay grid due to the patent
Change on grid, the Delaunay grid of building can follow website spatial position to be adjusted the sparse degree of grid.When website point
When cloth is more intensive, Delaunay grid dividing is more intensive；When website distribution is more sparse, Delaunay grid dividing
It is more sparse.The Grid data of spatialization in this way nevertheless suffers from the influence of website spatial distribution.Website is distributed sparse ground simultaneously
Area, meteorological element value is by closest meteorological site data influence, and this website actual range is farther out.This makes data smart
There are biggish uncertainties for degree.More importantly it is with a varied topography in China's western region, however website spatial distribution is dilute
Area that is few, Delaunay triangle should being needed to be encrypted originally in this way leads to grid instead due to meteorological site rareness
It is sparse, affect the precision of meteorological data after extrapolation.
A kind of remotely-sensed data NO emissions reduction method based on more rules algorithm, application number: 201610305772.5, the applying date:
2016-05-10 is mainly characterized by, comprising the following steps:
Step A, data acquisition: obtain TMPA 3B43 v7 precipitation data, the MODIS satellite remote-sensing image data in region to be measured with
And ASTER GDEM digital terrain model data, it is collected simultaneously the intra day ward observation number of ground observation website in region to be measured
According to；Wherein MODIS satellite remote-sensing image data include MOD11A2 surface temperature data product and MOD13A2 vegetation index data
Product；
Data prediction: step B the temporal resolution for the TRMM 3B43 v7 precipitation data that step A is obtained is handled as moon ruler
Degree；The progress resampling of ASTER GDEM satellite remote-sensing image data is respectively obtained into the DEM number for 1km and 25km spatial resolution
According to；Surface temperature on daytime and evening surface temperature data are extracted from MOD11A2 data product, and space is obtained by resampling
The surface temperature data and evening surface temperature data on daytime that resolution ratio is 1km and 25km；It is mentioned from MOD13A2 data product
Vegetation index parameter is taken, after abnormality value removing is handled, the vegetation that spatial resolution is 1km and 25km is obtained by resampling
Exponent data；The calculating gradient, slope aspect index, length of grade, the lowest point are flat from 1km the and 25km resolution ratio altitude data of ASTER GDEM
Smooth index, roughness of ground surface and Reflectivity for Growing Season data；
Step C carries out modeling and parameter calibration: step B treated 25km TRMM 3B43 v7 precipitation data is used as because of change
Amount with spatial resolution is the vegetation index of 25km, digital elevation model, earth's surface temperature on daytime, evening earth's surface temperature, slope aspect index,
9 gradient, roughness of ground surface, Reflectivity for Growing Season and the lowest point flattening index data carry out modeling and parameter calibration as independent variable；
Step D, the remotely-sensed data NO emissions reduction method based on more rules algorithm；It is established under 25km spatial resolution based on step C
Statistical model be applied in the environmental variance (GDEM, MOD11 and MOD13 data) of spatial resolution 1km and predicted, thus
Obtain the high-precision precipitation data of 1km；The precipitation residual values that spatial resolution is 25km are subjected to resampling simultaneously and obtain space
Resolution ratio is 1km, and is that 1km surface precipitation amount predicts that Value Data is added with spatial resolution by it, and obtaining spatial resolution is
The high-precision precipitation data of 1m.
Above-mentioned technical proposal mainly carries out the precipitation that NO emissions reduction obtains high spatial resolution, moon scale to remote sensing precipitation data
The thinking of data, the technology is, utilizes topographic(al) feature (elevation, gradient etc.), vegetation element (NDVI number in the MOD13 of MODIS
According to) and surface temperature data (MOD11 of MODIS) are established and the statistical relationship model of TRMM 3B43 precipitation data.And this moon
The relationship of scale has extraordinary relationship in Chinese complicated landform area, however is mainly agriculture for East China soil
Field, NDVI information are influenced by field irrigation, therefore are not fine with the statistical model precision of precipitation.Secondly, precipitation with
The relationship of NDVI and terrain information is generally there are on moon scale, for the information of day scale and hour scale, currently without existing
Some statistical distribution functions are fitted.Therefore the model in time, be only capable of applying on moon scale, application limitation compared with
Greatly.
Summary of the invention
For the substantive defect and deficiency proposed in above-mentioned background content, the present invention provides a kind of suitable small-size laboratory
Meteorological element data-acquisition system, can solve in background technique pointed problem, using data are analyzed again, needed in user
The specific region wanted, according to the meteorological data variable that certain time resolution ratio and spatial resolution output user need, for the present age
Weather and Future Climate Change Scenarios (CMIP5) provide finer regional scale climate change data.
A kind of meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory, by system data, an at least high-performance meter
Calculate platform, data pretreatment, numerical weather forecast module, Data Post Processing System and Database Systems composition；Wherein, pacify
High-performance calculation machine platform equipped with (SuSE) Linux OS and MPICH parallel environment is this system high-performance calculation platform hardware
Part；Data pretreatment includes wrfdomain small tool and WPS pre-processing module, and numerical weather forecast module is mainly wrapped
Include namelist.wrf program configuration file, real.exe vertical interpolation program and wrf.exe solver under WRF program；Number
It include that lattice point arrives at a station point interpolation module according to after-treatment system；The system data that data pretreatment can be handled, including the whole world/
Regional atmospheric analyzes data, the whole world/region static data terrain data, land use data, soil data, the earth's surface reflection of light again
The data such as rate and vegetation leaf area index.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, WPS pre-processing module include namelist.wps program configuration file,
Geogrid.exe landform associated static data interpolating program, link_grib.csh connection driving data script, Vtable.GFS
Driving data encodes file, ungrib.exe driving data decompression program and metgrid.exe Horizontal interpolation program.
Present invention simultaneously provides the application methods of the meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory, and step is such as
Under:
Q1: before bringing into operation, clear region and the resolution ratio that oneself obtain required meteorological data of user, commonly required data
For horizontal resolution in 25 km or more, user can directly determine region, guarantee that the lattice point number of thing and north and south both direction exists
100 or more.If required meteorological data horizontal resolution, within 25 km, user needs tool wrfdomain small tool, right
Simulated domain, which carries out nesting, could obtain the lattice point number of high-resolution suitable thing and north and south both direction；
Q2: in data preprocessing phase, under WPS kit catalogue, thing and North and South direction are modified in their own needs
Lattice point number, resolution ratio and the data oneself needed rose to the date, had configured in catalogue after namelist.wps file, had run catalogue
Interior geogrid.exe program generates geo_em.d01.nc file；
Q3: the whole world/region static data is linked to current directory by the way that link_grib.csh script is soft in catalogue by user, with
Vtable.GFS is replicated from the subdirectory ungrib/Variable_Tables/ of WPS afterwards to current directory, and renamed as
Vtable；
Q4: according to user's actual need, data are analyzed again with ungrib.exe program decompression Contemporary Climate or Future Climate is estimated
The grib file of the timing data of data (CMIP5) is format built in wps；
Q5: operation metgrid.exe program, generating met_em.d01.yyyy-mm-dd_hh:00:00, (y represents year, and m is represented
Month, d represents day, and h represents hour), completing driving data, (present age analyzes data, data of weather forecast or Future Climate again and estimates
Data) on data certain height layer Horizontal interpolation work；
Q6: the file copy that Q5 step is ultimately generated is run under catalogue into WRF program, is modified in catalogue
The beginning and ending time of namelist.input file, horizontal resolution, output variable time interval；
Q7: in the case where WRF runs catalogue, the interpolation that the real.exe in catalogue carries out vertical direction is run, wrfbdy_d01 is generated
With two files of wrfinput_d01;
Q8: wrf.exe is run under the direct operational mode of user, is executed with parallel form: 20, of mpirun-n/
Wrf.exe), when program trouble-free operation is complete, user is obtained in the meteorological data of specific region.
Q9: when user is also required to the data in some specific place, post-processing module is needed at this time, specific instructions are as follows:
cdo -s -output -remapbil,lon=84_lat=43 -selname,T2 wrfout_d01_yyyy-mm-dd_hh:
Longitude (such as 84 °), latitude (such as 43 °) and the variable needed that the such user of 00:00 > 51355.txt only needs oneself to need
Just the time series that meteorological variables are specified under specific coordinate can be obtained after (such as T2,2m height temperature) input.Data can at this time
Directly to use or be stored in database.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, the driving data in a variety of sources can be used, such as in the data in data pretreatment
From the GFS global prediction data of downloading and U.S. NOAA, the global atmosphere of China Meteorological Administration analyzes 40 annual data of data again
(CRA40) and for Future Climate it estimates and (is provided by the GCM data in CMIP5).
A kind of meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory provided by the invention, by cleverly designing,
Innovative proposes high-performance calculation hardware platform in shortage meteorological data area acquisition meteorological data and to coarse resolution
Lattice point meteorological data NO emissions reduction system, there is following functions:
1, on this platform, high performance scientific algorithm can be carried out.
2, in scarce high-spatial and temporal resolution meteorological data area, calculating simulation is carried out using WRF numerical weather forecast system, is pressed
The meteorological data variable needed according to certain time resolution ratio and spatial resolution output user.
3, according to the actual demand of user, this system can use global atmosphere and analyze number again by replacement driving data
It is pre- to can use forecast data (such as T639 and GFS) progress weather for the production that the meteorological data in the present age is carried out according to (such as CRA40)
Report, can use Future Climate estimated data (CMIP5) carry out climate projection, for related discipline provide regional scale it is high when space division
The meteorological data of resolution, high-precision lattice point.
It has the advantage that as follows:
A, meteorological data time and spatial resolution are improved, traditional statistical model is obtained using various method NO emissions reductions or extrapolation
The meteorological data obtained, shadow of the Grid data temporal resolution for the spatialization being achieved in that by original site meteorological measuring
It rings.And this system can be manually set time output and not influenced by the original resolution ratio of analysis time again.In conventional statistics model
Although the data of high-resolution lattice point can be obtained, the position by website spatial distribution is influenced, and there are optimal
Resolution ratio (600 km of general warranty2There should be a website, so resolution ratio is generally 0.25 ° of about 27 km).And this system can be with
1 km resolution ratio, highest can even obtain the meteorological data of 100 m resolution ratio.
B, consider that more complicated land use and Atmospheric processes, traditional extrapolation mode obtain meteorological data, essentially according to
Distance weighting and DEM altitude data extrapolate to spatial data, thus there is many uncertainties.And this system is not used only
Elevation also uses the land use data of remotely-sensed data inverting, can more embody the gas under true environment underlying surface heterogeneity in this way
As the variable space is distributed.Because this system considers atmospheric radiation and boundary layer based on the equation of Fluid Mechanics Computation,
Meteorological variables can more embody the true spatial distribution of meteorological variables in this way.
C, the atmospheric variable of output is more, meets physical mechanism, and unconventional statistical models export, and tradition extrapolation is only
Unitary variant can be exported.And this system can carry out more atmospheric variable outputs based on atmospheric science theory.This is traditional extrapolation
What mode cannot achieve.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of overall structure of the meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory provided by the invention is shown
It is intended to.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that of the invention
Protection scope be not limited by the specific implementation.
The present embodiments relate to abbreviations and Key Term to define
Extrapolation
Estimate that the process of the data of non-observation point is known as extrapolating outside the region of observation point.
Interpolation
Estimate that the process of the data of non-observation point is known as interpolation in the region of observation point.
WRF
Full name in English The Weather Research and Forecasting Model, i.e. weather forecast mode.WRF mode
For complete compressible and Non-hydrostatic model, write using F90 language.Horizontal direction uses Arakawa C mesh point, vertically
Direction then uses terrain following mass coordinate.WRF mode uses the Runge-Kutta of third-order and fourthorder in terms of time integral
Algorithm.WRF mode can be not only used for the case simulation of true weather, can also use it includes module group as basic physics
The rationale of Process Discussion analyzes data again.
Data are analyzed again using global data assimilation system and perfect database, to various sources (ground, ship,
Radio sounding, pilot balloon, aircraft, satellite etc.) observational data carry out quality control and assimilation processing, obtain a set of complete
Whole analysis of data collection again, the element that it not only includes is more, and range is wide, and the when segment length extended, is a comprehensive data
Collection.
CRA40
The global atmosphere of China Meteorological Administration's production is analyzed again.
Ground data
By surface weather observation instrument at the appointed time, designated position be observed data obtained.
CMIP5
Full name in English the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project, Phase 5, i.e. the 5th coupled mode
Formula compares plan.Be by Global Models such as atmospheric model, ocean models, under identical boundary condition, identical simulated time
The result of interior operation is filed.Currently, being mainly used in Future Climate Change research.
DEM
Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model).
GCM
The general circulation of broad sense (atmosphere or ocean) mode, be using Navier-Stokes on the spherical surface of rotation and heat power item
It is calculated.Earth atmosphere and ocean circulation can thus be simulated.Currently, being mainly used in climatic prediction and weather change
Change in research.
GFS
Full name in English The Global Forecast System (GFS), i.e. Global Forecasting System.This is to use the U.S.
National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is responsible for the mode of businessization operation.This
Mode can carry out the medium-range forecast up to 384 hours, and spatial resolution highest can achieve 28km, and can export big
Measure the variable of atmosphere, land surface emissivity.
Spatial and temporal resolution
Temporal resolution and spatial resolution are write a Chinese character in simplified form.Temporal resolution refers to that data are able to reflect between the minimum of time scale
Every, such as day, hour, minute.Spatial resolution refers to lattice point data, the interval between lattice point and lattice point, such as km.
As shown in Figure 1, this system can carry out 240 hours to 384 hours on the basis of the whole world/area forecast data
Urban medium and long-term group scale high spatial resolution weather forecast, can be atmosphere pollution, land-surface hydrological process, urban climate
Basic meteorological data is provided with subjects such as urban transportations, this system can provide for Future Climate Change Scenarios (CMIP5)
Finer regional scale climate change data.
Disclosed above is only several specific embodiments of the invention, and still, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this, is appointed
What what those skilled in the art can think variation should all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory, which is characterized in that by system data, at least one
High-performance calculation platform, data pretreatment, numerical weather forecast module, Data Post Processing System and Database Systems group
At；Wherein, the high-performance calculation machine platform for being equipped with (SuSE) Linux OS and MPICH parallel environment is this system high-performance meter
Calculate platform hardware part；Data pretreatment includes wrfdomain small tool, WPS pre-processing module, numerical weather forecast mould
Block includes that namelist.wrf program configuration file under WRF program, real.exe vertical interpolation program and wrf.exe solve journey
Sequence；Data Post Processing System includes that lattice point arrives at a station point interpolation module, evaluation module and visualization model；Data pretreatment institute
The system data that can be handled, temperature, wind speed, air pressure, the whole world/regional atmospheric including traditional timing meteorological measuring are analyzed again
Data, the whole world/region static data terrain data, land use data, soil data, surface albedo and vegetation blade face refer to
Number.
2. a kind of meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
WPS pre-processing module includes namelist.wps program configuration file, geogrid.exe landform associated static data interpolating journey
Sequence, link_grib.csh connection driving data script, Vtable.GFS driving data encode file, ungrib.exe driving number
According to decompression program and metgrid.exe Horizontal interpolation program.
3. a kind of application method of the meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, steps are as follows:
Q1: before bringing into operation, clear region and the resolution ratio that oneself obtain required meteorological data of user, commonly required data
For horizontal resolution in 25km or more, user can directly determine region, guarantee the lattice point number of thing and north and south both direction 100
More than a.If required meteorological data horizontal resolution, within 25km, user needs tool wrfdomain small tool, to simulation
Region, which carries out nesting, could obtain the lattice point number of high-resolution suitable thing and north and south both direction；
Q2: in data preprocessing phase, under WPS kit catalogue, thing and North and South direction are modified in their own needs
Lattice point number, resolution ratio and the data oneself needed rose to the date, had configured in catalogue after namelist.wps file, had run catalogue
Interior geogrid.exe program generates geo_em.d01.nc file；
Q3: the whole world/region static data is linked to current directory by the way that link_grib.csh script is soft in catalogue by user, with
Vtable.GFS is replicated from the subdirectory ungrib/Variable_Tables/ of WPS afterwards to current directory, and renamed as
Vtable；
Q4: according to user's actual need, data are analyzed again with ungrib.exe program decompression Contemporary Climate or Future Climate is estimated
The grib file of the timing data of data (CMIP5) is format built in wps；
Q5: operation metgrid.exe program, generating met_em.d01.yyyy-mm-dd_hh:00:00, (y represents year, and m is represented
Month, d represents day, and h represents hour), completing driving data, (present age analyzes data, data of weather forecast or Future Climate again and estimates
Data) on data certain height layer Horizontal interpolation work；
Q6: the file copy that Q5 step is ultimately generated is run under catalogue into WRF program, is modified in catalogue
The beginning and ending time of namelist.input file, horizontal resolution, output variable time interval；
Q7: in the case where WRF runs catalogue, the interpolation that the real.exe in catalogue carries out vertical direction is run, wrfbdy_d01 is generated
With two files of wrfinput_d01；
Q8: wrf.exe is run under the direct operational mode of user, is executed with parallel form: mpirun-n20./wrf.exe), when
Program trouble-free operation is complete, obtains user in the meteorological data of specific region；
Q9: when user is also required to the data in some specific place, post-processing module is needed at this time, specific instructions are as follows: cdo-
S-output-remapbil, lon=84_lat=43-selname, T2wrfout_d01_yyyy-mm-dd_hh:00:00 >
The such user of 51355.txt only need will oneself need longitude (such as 84 °), latitude (such as 43 °) and needs variable (such as T2,
2m height temperature) input the time series that just can obtain that meteorological variables are specified under specific coordinate later.Data can be direct at this time
Using or deposit database in.
4. a kind of application method of the meteorological element data-acquisition system of suitable small-size laboratory according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, the data in data pretreatment, from the GFS global prediction data China Meteorological of downloading U.S. NOAA
The global atmosphere of office analyzes 40 annual data of data (CRA40) and estimating (by the GCM in CMIP5 for Future Climate again
Data provide).
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| CN111178635A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-19 | 上海眼控科技股份有限公司 | Weather forecast method, weather forecast device, computer equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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