CN110425570B - 一种空气-滑油面式散热器 - Google Patents
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
- F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
- F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
- F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种空气‑滑油面式散热器,该散热器的换热管道内壁具有膛线式螺纹、外壁面具有轴向键槽,具有强化换热结构的散热器固定在发动机外涵道的空气入口处,成为发动机滑油冷却***中的主要散热器。本发明通过改变换热管道的形状,在尽量减少管内滑油压力损失、散热器的质量情况下,增大管内、管外有效的换热面积以及增大管路内外流动的湍流度,使管内壁热阻有效降低,有效提高散热器的整体换热能力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于大中型涵道比的涡扇航空发动机滑油冷却、具有强化换热管路的空气-滑油面式散热器,属于航空发动机滑油***中的空-滑面式散热器领域。
背景技术
滑油作为航空发动机的血液,不但为航空发动机各运动部件提供充分润滑,而且还要提供足够的密封、散热作用,从而保障飞机发动机在高速高温条件下安全、稳定的长时间续航能力。滑油***的性能和工作的可靠性直接关系到发动机的工作性能和可靠性。在高热负荷的环境下工作,滑油的温度也将快速提高,温度的提高导致滑油的黏度变小,并且可能出现急剧的化学变化、出现结焦现象直接导致发动机无法正常工作,因此务必设计与之相匹配的高效散热***。
目前的涡扇航空发动机中的滑油散热器按热交换介质的分类方法主要为燃油-滑油散热器与空气-滑油散热器两种,对于燃-滑散热器一般主要是管壳式换热器,对于空-滑散热器一般采用面式散热器,种热交换器位于进气道段,把进气道壁面的一部分作为热交换器的传热表面,能够充分利用飞机空间,占地空间小;同时,只要发动机工作,就有散热能力,更适用于在地面停机、起飞滑跑等缺乏冲压空气、甚至没有冲压空气的工况条件下。
传统的空气-滑油散热器分为管壳式散热器和面式散热器两种。对于面式散热器,以并列的滑油通道和翅片为散热的主体,但是由于滑油的粘性较大,因此滑油侧热阻较大,常规地只采用增加翅片来强化换热,因此导致空滑散热器的散热效果不突出。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种应用于大中型涵道比的涡扇发动机滑油冷却、具有强化换热管路的空气-滑油环形散热器。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种空气-滑油面式散热器,包括滑油散热器本体,所述滑油散热器本体包括换热管,所述换热管的外壁面设有若干个轴向键槽。
进一步的,所述换热管的内壁面设有膛线式螺纹。
进一步的,所述轴向键槽的横截面为半圆形。
进一步的,所述轴向键槽周向均匀分布于换热管的外壁面,轴向键槽的数目为24至36个。
进一步的,所述膛线式螺纹的缠距d固定,缠距d为1.5D3至2.5D3,D3为换热管的内径。
进一步的,所述膛线式螺纹的截面形状为半圆形。
进一步的,所述膛线式螺纹的半径为S为换热管的壁厚。
进一步的,所述换热管以叉排的方式组成输运滑油的管束,相邻三个换热管以等边三角形的形状叉排。
进一步的,所述换热管为环形。
进一步的,所述散热器设置于发动机外涵道进气段,与外涵道进气段壁面贴合。
有益效果:本发明提出的具有强化换热管路的空气-滑油环形散热器,其换热管的外壁面设有轴向键槽,内壁面设有膛线式螺纹。此种结构的特点在于内外壁槽道易于加工(外壁可以采用铣,内壁可以拉销)。外壁面轴向槽道可以迫使来流冷却工质提前转捩、提高了冷却效果。内壁面采用周期性膛线槽、使得内部流动流体可以在管内产生旋流效应、不仅增加了管内油品的掺混程度而且延长了油品在管内流动路程、有效破坏了管内油品的边界层、有效强化了管内换热,因此综合考虑此种结果具有很好的综合换热性能。
本发明在尽量减少管内滑油压力损失、散热器的质量情况下,增大管内、管外有效的换热面积以及增大管路内外流动的湍流度、使管内壁热阻有效降低,有效提高散热器的整体换热能力。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的三维结构示意图及局部示意图;图2为本发明侧视图;图3为本发明剖视图;图4为强化换热管道图;图5为换热管路截面图;图6为管内螺纹的透视图;图中1表示滑油散热器本体、2矩形翅片、3换热管、4换热管束、5轴向键槽、6膛线式螺纹;
图7表示换热管外壁面轴向键槽数为36时及光滑管道在5000、10000、20000、30000、40000、50000横掠空气六种雷诺数下的外壁面平均努赛尔数的对比图;
图8表示外壁面轴向键槽数目对于管外换热的强化情况;
图9、10分别表示膛线式螺纹的缠距对换热管内压力损失以及换热效果的影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
如图1所示,滑油散热器本体1包括由若干个换热管3排列成的换热管束4,换热管束4的外壁设有矩形翅片2。换热管束4为环形。滑油散热器本体1挂载在具有充沛的冷空气进口处,具体挂载在外涵道进气段处。
换热管3的外直径为D0、内径为D3、壁厚S,在管内外壁都具有明显的纹路结构,在换热管内外都可以进行高强度的换热。换热管3的外壁面设有轴向发展的轴向键槽5,内壁面设有固定缠距d(纹路旋转360°的轴向距离)膛线式螺纹6。
优选的,为了降低横掠空气的摩擦及碰撞损失,及降低加工难度,轴向键槽5形状铣成半圆形,直径为D1,数目为n1、相邻两条轴向键槽中心间的夹角为α。为了保持较高的综合换热效率,α优选区间为10°~15°,即对应n1为24至36。
膛线式螺纹6的截面形状为半圆形,直径为D2。膛线式螺纹6的缠距d过小会导致流体在管内的流动阻力太大,过大了导致在管内的流体的湍流度不够大,旋流效应不够明显,因此导致换热侧热阻下降不够明显,缠距d优选在1.5D3至2.5D3。线式螺纹6的深度应保证在/>之间,保证壁处结构上可以有足够的扰动,同时也保证具有较大的强度,使得局部不会过薄造成油管破裂。
换热管3以叉排的方式组成输运滑油的换热管束4,相邻三个管路以等边三角形的形状叉排,管间距为C。
矩形翅片2的长度为b,宽度为a,厚度为x,换热管束4外均匀离散的矩形翅片2把来流冷空气隔出了很多的局部通道,翅片形成的局部通道不仅具有局部整流效果而且扩大了换热面积。
图7表示外壁面键槽数为36的强化换热管道及光滑管道在5000、10000、20000、30000、40000、50000六种横掠雷诺数下的外壁面面平均努赛尔数的对比图。Re在5000~50000的换热准则式为由计算数据看到,由于外壁面键槽的存在,使得外壁面换热得以有效提高。图8表示外壁面键槽数目对于管外换热的强化情况,由数据可知,外壁面键槽数目在n1=24~45(α=8°~15°)之间对于换热效果的改善最明显,而在高于这个区间对于换热的增益效果趋缓。图9、10分别表示管内膛线式螺纹的缠距对管内压力损失以及换热效果的影响。横坐标都是缠距数值,分别是0(内壁光滑)、D3、2D3、3D3、4D3,纵坐标分别是压力系数/>面平均努赛尔数/>式中Pout是出口静压,Pin是进口静压,ρ是滑油密度,ν充分发展段滑油速度,Nu是局部努赛尔数,A是面积。由仿真计算数据可知,膛线式螺纹对比光滑管路,换热效果明显提升但是同时也增大了沿程损失,缠距在1.5D3~2.5D3之间兼顾了换热极强及流动损失较小的特点,因此管内管道纹路缠距优选在这个区间。
Claims (1)
1.一种空气-滑油面式散热器,包括滑油散热器本体,所述滑油散热器本体包括换热管,其特征在于,所述换热管的外壁面设有若干个轴向键槽;
所述换热管的内壁面设有膛线式螺纹;
所述轴向键槽的横截面为半圆形;
所述轴向键槽周向均匀分布于换热管的外壁面,轴向键槽的数目为24至36个;
所述膛线式螺纹的缠距d固定,缠距d为1.5D3至2.5D3,D3为换热管的内径;
所述膛线式螺纹的截面形状为半圆形;
所述膛线式螺纹的半径为S为换热管的壁厚;
所述换热管以叉排的方式组成输运滑油的管束,相邻三个换热管以等边三角形的形状叉排;
所述换热管为环形;
所述散热器设置于发动机外涵道进气段,与外涵道进气段壁面贴合。
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CN202403597U (zh) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-08-29 | 安吉恒盛热能机械有限公司 | 一种螺旋槽换热管 |
CN103362650A (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2013-10-23 | 中航商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | 航空发动机的冷却***及其方法 |
EP3081781A1 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2016-10-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Nose cone assembly and method of circulating air in a gas turbine engine |
CN106643261A (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-10 | 江阴市森博特种换热设备有限公司 | 带导流槽的加强型换热管 |
CN210717655U (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-06-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种空气-滑油面式散热器 |
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WO2015080778A2 (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-06-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel management system for a turbine engine |
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CN202403597U (zh) * | 2012-01-16 | 2012-08-29 | 安吉恒盛热能机械有限公司 | 一种螺旋槽换热管 |
CN103362650A (zh) * | 2012-04-01 | 2013-10-23 | 中航商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | 航空发动机的冷却***及其方法 |
EP3081781A1 (en) * | 2015-04-13 | 2016-10-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Nose cone assembly and method of circulating air in a gas turbine engine |
CN106643261A (zh) * | 2015-10-30 | 2017-05-10 | 江阴市森博特种换热设备有限公司 | 带导流槽的加强型换热管 |
CN210717655U (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2020-06-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种空气-滑油面式散热器 |
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