CN110425139B - 滑片组件、压缩机及空调器 - Google Patents

滑片组件、压缩机及空调器 Download PDF

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CN110425139B
CN110425139B CN201910764017.7A CN201910764017A CN110425139B CN 110425139 B CN110425139 B CN 110425139B CN 201910764017 A CN201910764017 A CN 201910764017A CN 110425139 B CN110425139 B CN 110425139B
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needle
groove
roller
limiting structure
slide assembly
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李业林
史正良
陈晓晓
郭小青
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Gree Green Refrigeration Technology Center Co Ltd of Zhuhai
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Abstract

本发明提供一种滑片组件、压缩机及空调器，滑片组件包括：滑片本体；滑片本体上设有滚针槽，滚针槽内安装有滚针；滚针槽沿轴线方向的至少一端的槽壁上设有限位结构，限位结构用于将滚针限位在滚针槽内；滑片本体还设有切口，切口用于去除滚针槽的未设置限位结构处的槽壁，减少滚针槽与滚针的接触面积。本发明的滑片组件，减小了滚针槽内壁对滚针滚动的阻力作用，提升滚针的滚动效率，滑片与滚子间的滚动摩擦力降低，减少了滚针的摩擦损耗。新型陶瓷滚针，提升耐磨性能及自润滑性能，避免了滑片、滚针、滚子之间出现黏着磨损的情况的发生。滚针槽内的类金刚石石墨‑氮化物复合涂层的自润滑性好，耐磨性强，提升了滑片的长期运行可靠性。

Description

滑片组件、压缩机及空调器
技术领域
本发明属于压缩机技术领域，具体涉及一种滑片组件、压缩机及空调器。
背景技术
现有空调***使用的旋转式压缩机具有较大的摩擦损耗，约占***总功耗的8％左右，其中，滑片与滚子之间的摩擦损耗占全部摩擦损耗的2％～6％。而且传统转子压缩机内滑片与滚子之间的摩擦为线接触的滑动摩擦，虽然线接触摩擦力没有面接触的摩擦力大，但线接触的摩擦力也会较滚动摩擦产生的摩擦力大得多，进而导致滑片与滚子形成的摩擦副的磨损较严重，导致压缩机密封性变差、压缩机能效降低，甚至失效。
发明内容
因此，本发明要解决的技术问题是滑片与滚子的磨损严重，导致压缩机密封性变差、能效降低，从而提供一种滑片组件、压缩机及空调器。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种滑片组件，包括：
滑片本体；
滑片本体上设有滚针槽，滚针槽内安装有滚针；
滚针槽沿轴线方向的至少一端的槽壁上设有限位结构，限位结构用于将滚针限位在滚针槽内；
滑片本体还设有切口，切口用于去除滚针槽的未设置限位结构处的槽壁，减少滚针槽与滚针的接触面积。
本发明的目的及解决其技术问题还可采用以下技术措施进一步实现。
优选地，限位结构包括第一限位结构、第二限位结构，针槽沿轴线方向的一端的槽壁上设置第一限位结构，另一端的槽壁上设置第二限位结构，和/或切口的形状沿通过滚针槽轴线中点的横截面对称。
优选地，切口的形状为圆柱形、球面、曲面、矩形、梯形中的至少一种。
优选地，切口的形状为圆柱形，切口轴线与滚针槽轴线空间垂直，垂足A位于滚针槽轴线中点处。
优选地，切口内圆柱面与滚针槽内圆柱面相切，切点B位于切口轴线与滚针槽轴线的垂线延长线与滚针槽内圆柱面的交点处，滑片本体沿滚针槽轴线方向的高度为H，切口沿滚针槽轴线的两端的距离为S，其中，
Figure GDA0002610215200000021
优选地，滚针槽的内径为D，限位结构沿滑片本体运动方向的末端与滚针槽内圆柱面的距离为W，其中
Figure GDA0002610215200000022
滚针槽的内径为D，滑片本体的厚度为T，其中，
Figure GDA0002610215200000023
优选地，滚针采用陶瓷材料加工而成，陶瓷材料中各组分的配比为：73％～75.5％的氧化锆、11％～12.5％的硼化钛、5％～6.5％的氧化铝、0.5％～2％的氧化钇、2％～3.5％的钼镍混料，钼镍混料中钼和镍按7:13的配比混料。
优选地，氧化锆的粒度为40～80nm，和/或硼化钛的粒度为0.5～3μm，和/或氧化铝的粒度为50～100nm，和/或氧化钇的粒度为20～50nm，和/或钼和镍的粒度为0.5～2μm。
优选地，滑片本体表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层，或滚针槽内表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层，自润滑耐磨复合涂层包括润滑相层、耐磨相层，润滑相层涂覆在滑片本体的表面，耐磨相层涂覆在润滑相层的表面。
优选地，润滑相层为采用直流磁控溅射法形成的类金刚石石墨层类，和/或耐磨相层为采用射频磁控溅射法形成的为氮化物层。
一种压缩机，采用上述的滑片组件。
一种空调器，采用上述的滑片组件。
本发明提供的滑片组件、压缩机及空调器至少具有下列有益效果：
1、本发明的滑片组件，通过切口去除非必要的槽壁，进而减小了滚针槽内壁对滚针滚动的阻力作用，提升滚针的滚动效率，从而使滑片与滚子间的滚动摩擦力降低，减少了滚针的摩擦损耗。
2、滚针使用新型陶瓷材料，提升滚针的耐磨性能及自润滑性能，避免了滑片本体、滚针、滚子之间出现黏着磨损的情况的发生。
3、本发明的滚针槽内的类金刚石石墨-氮化物复合涂层的自润滑性好，耐磨性强，提升了滑片的长期运行可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的滑片组件的结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的滑片本体的局部结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的滑片本体与滚子的装配示意图；
图4为本发明实施例滑片本体的俯视图；
图5为本发明实施例滑片本体的正视图；
图6为本发明实施例滑片本体表面涂层示意图。
附图标记表示为：
1、滑片本体；2、滚针槽；3、滚针；4、切口；5、第一限位结构；6、第二限位结构；7、滚针槽轴线；8、滚针槽轴线中点；9、切口内圆柱面；10、滚针槽内圆柱面；11、滚子；12、润滑相层；13、耐磨相层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明具体实施例及相应的附图对本发明技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范一种滑片组件、压缩机及空调器。
结合图1至图5所示，本实施例的本发明提供一种滑片组件，包括：滑片本体1；滑片本体1上设有滚针槽2，滚针槽2内安装有滚针3，滚针3可沿箭头C的方向***滚针槽2，完成装配；滚针槽2沿轴线方向的至少一端的槽壁上设有限位结构，限位结构用于将滚针3限位在滚针槽2内；滑片本体1还设有切口4，切口4用于去除滚针槽2的未设置限位结构处的槽壁，减少滚针槽2与滚针3的接触面积。
本实施例的滑片组件，解决了现有带滚针的滑片上的整体式滚针槽或带收口结构的滚针槽对滚针阻力较大的问题，通过切口4去除非必要的槽壁，仅保留一端的槽壁，并在保留的槽壁上设置滚针限位结构，进而减小了滚针槽2内壁对滚针3滚动的阻力作用，提升滚针3的滚动效率，从而使滑片与滚子间的滚动摩擦力降低，减少了滚针3的摩擦损耗。
本实施例中，滚针槽2设置在滑片本体1的朝向滚子11的侧面，限位结构包括第一限位结构5、第二限位结构6，滚针槽2沿轴线方向的一端的槽壁上设置第一限位结构5，另一端的槽壁上设置第二限位结构6，两个限位结构分别限制滚针3的两端，将滚针3限制在滚针槽2内。
本实施例中，切口4的作用是去除未设置限位结构的槽壁，减少滚针3与滚针槽2的摩擦表面，从而减少滚针3的磨损。切口4的形状沿通过滚针槽轴线中点8的横截面对称，槽壁去除的结构上下对称，滚针3上下受力一致，运动状态稳定，保证压缩机的能效。
本实施例中，切口4的形状可以为圆柱形、球面、曲面、矩形、梯形中的至少一种，只要能够实现去除滚针槽2的槽壁，减少滚针3与槽壁的接触面积均可以。本实施例中切口4为圆柱形，切口4轴线与滚针槽轴线7空间垂直，垂足A位于滚针槽轴线中点8处，圆柱形的切口4具有加工方便，且两端的限位结构5具有弧形延伸的槽壁连接，第一限位结构5、第二限位结构6的结构强度更高，可靠性高。
本实施例中，最优的方案中切口内圆柱面9与滚针槽内圆柱面10相切于点B，切点B位于切口4轴线与滚针槽轴线7的垂线延长线与滚针槽内圆柱面10的交点处。滚针槽2最深处的母线通过切点B，滚针3与滚针槽2在该母线处接触密封，既能保证滑片组件的密封性能，又能减少滚针3与滚针槽2的摩擦面积，减少磨损。
本实施例中，由于限位结构需设置在滚针槽2的槽壁上，为保证限位结构具有足够的强度，滑片本体1沿滚针槽轴线7方向的高度为H，切口4沿滚针槽轴线7的两端的距离为S，其中，
Figure GDA0002610215200000041
限位结构的工作原理是缩口对应的弦长小于滚针3的直径，因而滚针3不能沿径向脱出滚针槽2。因此本实施例中，滚针槽2的内径为D，限位结构沿滑片本体1运动方向的末端与滚针槽内圆柱面10的距离为W，其中
Figure GDA0002610215200000042
本实施例中，由于滑片本体1的厚度一般只有5～8mm，因此，滚针槽2的加工需考虑滑片本体1的结构强度。滚针槽2的内径为D，滑片本体的厚度为T，其中，
Figure GDA0002610215200000043
本实施例中，滚针槽2与滚针3间隙配合，配合间隙在10～30μm范围内，滚针3与滚针槽2的滚动效率最佳。
本实施例中，滚针3由陶瓷材料经特制模具压制、烧结及精加工而成，陶瓷滚针3的摩擦耗损耗非常小，基本上可忽略不计，而且即使重工况下运行，滚针3的质量磨损率或体积磨损率也只有1％～2％左右。
本实施例中，陶瓷材料中各组分的配比为：65％～83％的氧化锆、10％～15％的硼化钛、5％～10％的氧化铝、0.5％～5％的氧化钇、1.5％～5％的钼镍混料。添加钼镍混料的陶瓷材料具有增强断裂韧性的效果，提高陶瓷滚针的抗冲击强度。
本实施例中，陶瓷材料中各组分的配比为：73％～75.5％的氧化锆、11％～12.5％的硼化钛、5％～6.5％的氧化铝、0.5％～2％的氧化钇、2％～3.5％的钼镍混料。
其中，钼镍混料中钼和镍按7:13的配比混料。
本实施例中，氧化锆的粒度为40～80nm，和/或硼化钛的粒度为0.5～3μm，和/或氧化铝的粒度为50～100nm，和/或氧化钇的粒度为20～50nm，和/或钼和镍的粒度为0.5～2μm。
本实施例提供了一种上述的滑片组件中的滚针3的加工方法，包括：
步骤一，将氧化锆、硼化钛、氧化铝、氧化钇、钼镍混料按上述比例混合后，在酒精中湿混24～48h。
步骤二，完成湿混后，将混合原料放在真空干燥箱或鼓风干燥向内进行干燥，直至酒精完全挥发为止，即无成团块状的混料存在。
步骤二，将干燥完全的混料做过筛处理，筛孔的大小不大于100钼。
步骤三，将混料装入石墨模具内，并使用粉末压制机进行压制成型，压制的压力为25～30MPa。
步骤四，在气体的保护下进行烧结成型。烧结成型的工艺参数如下：烧结的温度为1600～1750℃，烧结压力为25～30MPa，保温时间控制在10～30min之内。保护气体可以为氮气或氩气。
采用本实施例的配方及加工方法生产的滚针3，具有韧性好、硬度高、热膨胀系数小、耐磨性强、自润滑性等优点，能够有效解决现有陶瓷滚针的韧性、耐磨性差及热膨胀系数较大的问题。
本实施例中，滑片本体1表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层，或滚针槽2内表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层。由于在滚针槽2的内表面上涂覆了自润滑耐磨复合涂层，使滚针槽2的耐磨性能得到大幅提升，即使在重工况下，复合涂层也能保持很高的耐磨性能，因而滚针槽2内的精度能够得到长期保持。
此外，滑片本体1的基材为高速钢材料，如可选用但不限于W9Cr4V2、W18CrV(T1)、W12CrV4Co5、W18CrV4Co5、W18CrV4Co10、W6Mo5Cr4V2(M2)、W12Cr4V4Mo等其中一种高速钢材料加工。将滑片本体1采用低温氮碳共渗的工艺，以提升表面的硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性和抗疲劳等力学性能，同时滑片的心部还能保持较高的韧性和抗拉强度。成型好滚针槽2结构的滑片本体1经过渗氮处理后，使高速钢基材的表面硬度不低于60HRC，且渗氮后金相组织的白亮层的厚度要大于6μm。
本实施例中，如图6所示，自润滑耐磨复合涂层包括润滑相层12、耐磨相层13，润滑相层12涂覆在滑片本体1的表面，耐磨相层13涂覆在润滑相层12的表面。润滑相层12为类金刚石石墨层类，和/或耐磨相层13为氮化物层，构成类金刚石石墨-氮化物结合自润滑耐磨复合涂层，其中类金刚石石墨作为润滑相，氮化物作为耐磨相，且复合涂层的总厚度控制在5～8μm的范围内。
本实施例中，润滑相层12采用直流磁控溅射法形成，润滑相层12的厚度为2～3μm。类金刚石石墨层的材料包括类金刚石石墨，还需要添加二硫化钼MoS2或二硫化钨WS2。类金刚石石墨层中各组分的配比为：类金刚石石墨的占比为90％～95％，二硫化钼MoS2或二硫化钨WS2的占比为5％～10％。
本实施例中，类金刚石石墨层中各组分的配比为：类金刚石石墨的占比为90～94％，二硫化钼或二硫化钨的占比为6％～10％。
本实施例中，类金刚石石墨的粒度在0.05～3μm的范围内，二硫化钼MoS2或二硫化钨WS2的粒度在0.04～1.5μm的范围内。
本实施例中，耐磨相层13采用射频磁控溅射法形成，耐磨相层13的沉积厚度为3～5μm。射频磁控溅射的靶材为氮化镓GaN、氮化硅Si3N4、氮化钛TiN、氮化钒VN、氮化锆ZrN、氮化铝AlN、氮化硼BN、氮化铪HfN、氮化铌NbN、氮化钽TaN中的至少一种。
本实施例中，耐磨相层13还可以采用反应溅射法形成，耐磨相层13的沉积厚度为3～5μm。反应溅射的靶材是黑色金属单质、重有色金属单质、稀有金属单质、半金属单质中的至少一种。具体的为镓Ga、硅Si、钛Ti、钒V、锆Zr、铝Al、硼B、铪Hf、铌Nb、钽Ta中的至少一种。
本实施例还提供了一种上述的滑片组件的自润滑耐磨复合涂层的加工方法，包括：
步骤一，采用直流磁控溅射法在滑片本体的表面喷涂润滑相层12。
步骤二，采用射频磁控溅射法在润滑相层12的表面沉积耐磨相层13。
其中耐磨相层13的沉积还可以采用反应溅射法，溅射过程中同时通入氮气，使氮气和上述的色金属单质或重有色金属单质或稀有金属单质或半金属单质反应生成氮化物。反应生成氮化物沉积在类金刚石石墨层的表面上。耐磨相氮化物层在工作过程中会被挤压嵌入到润滑相类金刚石石墨层中，进而结合在一起形成强化的复合涂层，因而同时兼具较高的耐磨性能及自润滑性能。
本实施例中，在溅射前可以使用一氟二氯乙烷141b或丙酮或无水乙醇在真空环境对滑片本体1进行清洗，以除尽滑片本体1表面的油污及杂质。
本实施例的滑片组件，滚针的限位作用是靠预留的滚针槽2槽壁上的限位结构来实现的，而且滚针3在与滚子11贴合运行的过程中，滚针3是贴合在滑片本体1与滚子11圆相切的滑片槽2内壁上，因而限位结构的磨损会很低，再加上滚针槽2内的类金刚石石墨-氮化物复合涂层的减磨耐磨作用及陶瓷滚针3本身的耐磨性，限位结构和滚针槽2内表面的磨损会更小。
一种压缩机，采用上述的滑片组件。
一种空调器，采用上述的滑片组件。
本领域的技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (11)

1.一种滑片组件，其特征在于，包括：
滑片本体(1)；
所述滑片本体(1)上设有滚针槽(2)，所述滚针槽(2)内安装有滚针(3)；
所述滚针槽(2)沿轴线方向的至少一端的槽壁上设有限位结构，所述限位结构用于将所述滚针(3)限位在所述滚针槽(2)内；
所述滑片本体(1)还设有切口(4)，所述切口(4)用于去除所述滚针槽(2)的未设置限位结构处的槽壁，减少滚针槽(2)与滚针(3)的接触面积。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述限位结构包括第一限位结构(5)、第二限位结构(6)，所述滚针槽(2)沿轴线方向的一端的槽壁上设置第一限位结构(5)，另一端的槽壁上设置第二限位结构(6)，和/或所述切口(4)的形状沿通过所述滚针槽轴线中点(8)的横截面对称。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述切口(4)的形状为圆柱形、球面、曲面、矩形、梯形中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述切口(4)的形状为圆柱形，所述切口(4)轴线与所述滚针槽轴线(7)空间垂直，垂足A位于所述滚针槽轴线中点(8)处。
5.根据权利要求4所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，切口内圆柱面(9)与滚针槽内圆柱面(10)相切，切点B位于所述切口(4)轴线与所述滚针槽轴线(7)的垂线延长线与滚针槽内圆柱面(10)的交点处；所述滑片本体(1)沿所述滚针槽轴线(7)方向的高度为H，所述切口(4)沿所述滚针槽轴线(7)的两端的距离为S，其中，
Figure FDA0002610215190000011
6.根据权利要求5所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述滚针槽(2)的内径为D，所述限位结构沿所述滑片本体(1)运动方向的末端与所述滚针槽内圆柱面(10)的距离为W，其中
Figure FDA0002610215190000012
所述滚针槽(2)的内径为D，所述滑片本体(1)的厚度为T，其中，
Figure FDA0002610215190000013
7.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述滚针(3)采用陶瓷材料加工而成，所述陶瓷材料中各组分的配比为：73％～75.5％的氧化锆、11％～12.5％的硼化钛、5％～6.5％的氧化铝、0.5％～2％的氧化钇、2％～3.5％的钼镍混料，所述钼镍混料中钼和镍按7:13的配比混料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述氧化锆的粒度为40～80nm，和/或硼化钛的粒度为0.5～3μm，和/或氧化铝的粒度为50～100nm，和/或氧化钇的粒度为20～50nm，和/或钼和镍的粒度为0.5～2μm。
9.根据权利要求1-6任一所述的滑片组件，其特征在于，所述滑片本体(1)表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层，或所述滚针槽(2)内表面设有自润滑耐磨复合涂层；所述自润滑耐磨复合涂层包括润滑相层(12)、耐磨相层(13)，所述润滑相层(12)涂覆在所述滑片本体(1)的表面，所述耐磨相层(13)涂覆在所述润滑相层(12)的表面；所述润滑相层(12)为采用直流磁控溅射法形成的类金刚石石墨层类，和/或所述耐磨相层(13)为采用射频磁控溅射法形成的氮化物层。
10.一种压缩机，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9任一所述的滑片组件。
11.一种空调器，其特征在于，采用权利要求1-9任一所述的滑片组件。
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