CN110422023A - A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure - Google Patents
A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110422023A CN110422023A CN201910816031.7A CN201910816031A CN110422023A CN 110422023 A CN110422023 A CN 110422023A CN 201910816031 A CN201910816031 A CN 201910816031A CN 110422023 A CN110422023 A CN 110422023A
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- lower swing
- torsion bar
- vehicle frame
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- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 230000003447 ipsilateral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
- B60G13/001—Arrangements for attachment of dampers
- B60G13/005—Arrangements for attachment of dampers characterised by the mounting on the axle or suspension arm of the damper unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G17/00—Resilient suspensions having means for adjusting the spring or vibration-damper characteristics, for regulating the distance between a supporting surface and a sprung part of vehicle or for locking suspension during use to meet varying vehicular or surface conditions, e.g. due to speed or load
- B60G17/06—Characteristics of dampers, e.g. mechanical dampers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to automotive suspension technical fields, disclose a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure, suspended rack assembly including vehicle frame front end two sides are arranged in, each suspended rack assembly includes suspension frame base, upper swing arm, lower swing arm, upper swing arm is rotatablely connected by the upper side of upper swing arm axis and suspension frame base, and lower swing arm is rotatablely connected by the lower end of bottom arm axle and suspension frame base；The upper end of suspension frame base extends outward to form attachment lug, and damper is equipped between the intermediate position of lower swing arm and attachment lug, and the upper end of damper is fixedly connected with attachment lug, and the lower end of damper and lower swing arm are rotatablely connected；Upper swing arm, lower swing arm outer end on the inside of be equipped with brake drum attachment base for connecting brake drum；Vehicle frame is fixedly arranged at the front end with front beam, and the bottom both ends of front beam are respectively and fixedly provided with fulcrum bearing, corresponds between fulcrum bearing and the outer end of the ipsilateral lower swing arm of vehicle frame and is equipped with distance rod.The present invention has the beneficial effect compact-sized, stability is good, damping performance is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automotive suspension technical field more particularly to a kind of stable type independent front suspension structures.
Background technique
Automotive suspension is the important component for guaranteeing riding comfort, is also automobile hanging, and automotive suspension is as vehicle body (or vehicle
Frame) and axle (or wheel) between the transmission component that connects, and be the important component for guaranteeing ride safety of automobile.Independent suspension,
Exactly two wheels in left and right are not connected on a rigid axle, but are connected each by connecting rod, spring etc. with vehicle body, are respectively to walk
Each road, any one wheel will not be influenced the running of another wheel, this kind of suspension flexibility by road shocks when beating
Preferably, it is can absorb road shock, driving stability when high speed, and due to connectionless axis can reduce engine and driver's cabin
Highly, increase compartment and trunk space, car all uses independent suspension mostly at present.However independent suspension structure is more multiple
It is miscellaneous, and bottom of car other component is more, and the interference between independent suspension and other component is also independent suspension design process
In key factor in need of consideration.Independent suspension system is commonly divided into wish-bone arm type, trailing arm type, multi link formula, candle formula and wheat
Fu Xunshi suspension system, every kind of suspension system have respective advantage and disadvantage, are difficult to directly adopt in any vehicle ready-made
Suspension directly uses, and many suspensions are directly installed on bottom of frame, and mechanism is not compact, and the height of car floor is caused to increase
Greatly, wasting space at chassis.Therefore it is outstanding for how designing a independent suspension compact-sized, that stability is good, damping performance is good
Set up the priority and difficulty in meter.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides before a kind of stable type solely to solve the above problem existing for independent suspension in the prior art
Vertical suspension frame structure, this kind of independent suspension structure is compact, stability is good, damping performance is good, greatly improves the comfort of automobile.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure, the suspended rack assembly including vehicle frame front end two sides are arranged in, each suspension group
Part includes suspension frame base, upper swing arm, lower swing arm, and the side of the suspension frame base is fixedly connected with the front end outer side face of vehicle frame, described
Upper swing arm is rotatablely connected by the upper side of upper swing arm axis and suspension frame base, and the lower swing arm passes through bottom arm axle and suspension frame base
Lower end rotation connection；The upper end of the suspension frame base extends outward to form attachment lug, the intermediate position of the lower swing arm with connect
Damper is equipped between auricle, the upper end of the damper is fixedly connected with attachment lug, the lower end of the damper and the bottom
Arm rotation connection；The upper swing arm, lower swing arm outer end on the inside of be equipped with brake drum attachment base for connecting brake drum；It is described
Vehicle frame is fixedly arranged at the front end with front beam, and the bottom both ends of the front beam are respectively and fixedly provided with fulcrum bearing, and fulcrum bearing and vehicle frame are ipsilateral
It is corresponded between the outer end of lower swing arm and is equipped with distance rod.Suspended rack assembly is mounted on the front end two sides of vehicle frame, to effectively drop
The distance between low vehicle frame and ground；Upper swing arm, lower swing arm, suspension frame base, the connection between damper are very compact, whole to occupy
Space is small, is not easy to interfere with the other assemblies of frame interior, other components assembly of frame interior is more motor-driven, clever
It is living；Damper is connect with the attachment lug on suspension frame base, plays the role of damping；When being braked in vehicle traveling process,
After wheel stops, vehicle body, vehicle frame can have the trend that moves forward due to effect of inertia, and distance rod can share this at this time
Kind effect reduces impact of the inertia of vehicle body, vehicle frame to upper swing arm, lower swing arm, so that overall performance is more stable.
Preferably, one end of the distance rod is fixedly connected with the outer end bottom of lower swing arm, the distance rod it is another
It is connected between end and fulcrum bearing by distance rod bulb.In the process of moving, upper swing arm, lower swing arm can be swung automobile, be pushed away
Power bar bulb can be servo-actuated, to prevent the swing of distance rod obstruction lower swing arm.
Preferably, the angle between the distance rod and vehicle frame is 30 ° -45 °.Distance rod, vehicle frame, shape between lower swing arm
It is connected at stable triangle, structure is highly stable, when distance rod is by active force, can resolve into horizontal force, longitudinal direction
Active force, the horizontal force on two distance rods can cancel out each other, and greatly weaken vehicle frame when braking, deceleration, acceleration
Impact of the inertia to distance rod.
Preferably, the intermediate position of the lower swing arm is fixed with buffer stopper, it is corresponding with buffer stopper on the suspension frame base
Place is fixed with limit base.When lower swing arm amplitude of fluctuation is larger, buffer stopper and limit base are limited, cooperation damper double absorption shake
It is dynamic, further increase damping, energy-absorbing effect.
Preferably, be equipped with reinforcement arm between the lower end inside of two suspension frame bases, the both ends of the reinforcement arm respectively with it is outstanding
Stand is fixedly connected.Reinforcement arm increases the connective stability of two suspension frame bases.
Preferably, the bottom of the vehicle frame is fixed with connector sleeve, stabilizer bar, lateral stability are equipped between connector sleeve
It is rotatablely connected between bar and connector sleeve, is equipped with vertical stabilizer link, the stabiliser bar on the upside of the outer end of each lower swing arm
The lower end of connecting rod connect by connection rod sphere with lower swing arm, the both ends of the stabilizer bar pass through respectively stabiliser bar bulb with surely
Fixed pole connecting rod connects one to one.Stabilizer bar will be flexibly connected between two lower swing arms, not influence each suspended rack assembly
Under the premise of independence, the displacement in the front-back direction (displacement that vibration generates) of lower swing arm is limited, vibration before and after swing arm
In the process, the connection rod sphere of stabilizer link lower end can also play certain buffering energy-absorbing function.
Preferably, being equipped with middle cross beam between the intermediate position of the vehicle frame, both ends and the vehicle frame of wherein the middle cross beam are fixed
Connection；The trailing flank of lower swing arm is fixed with torsion bar fixed arm, and the inner end of the torsion bar fixed arm is equipped with interior universal-joint fork, described interior
The bottom of universal-joint fork is fixedly connected with the inner end of torsion bar fixed arm, and cross axle is equipped between the plug of the interior universal-joint fork,
The other two spindle nose of the cross axle is equipped with outer universal-joint fork, the outer end of the outer universal-joint fork and the lower side of middle cross beam
It is corresponded between portion and is equipped with torsion bar.When lower swing arm is swung, front and back is subjected to displacement, torsion bar can bend, reverse, to rise
To buffering energy-absorbing function；And torsion bar front end is connect by cross axle with lower swing arm, and the fixation position of the rear end of such torsion bar can
With free adjustment, and without parallelly distribute between two torsion bars, so as to avoid the large component on vehicle frame, such as state
Filter volume in six Standard of vehicle between vehicle frame is very big, and torsion bar and the filter of conventional structure can interfere, this knot
Torsion bar in structure can easily evade the large assemblies such as opened filter.
Preferably, the torsion bar is fixedly arranged at the front end with splined shaft, the outer end center of the outer universal-joint fork is equipped with and flower
The splined hole of key axis connection, the rear end of the torsion bar are equipped with torsion bar regulating arm, the outer end of the torsion bar regulating arm and middle cross beam
Bottom is fixedly connected.The installation site of the adjustable torsion bar rear end of torsion bar regulating arm, to prevent other on torsion bar and vehicle frame
Component interferes.
Preferably, the bottom of the vehicle frame and the front end corresponding position of torsion bar are equipped with positioning seat, the lower section of the positioning seat
It is fixed with positioning sleeve, the front end of the torsion bar passes through the positioning sleeve.The front end of torsion bar is positioned by positioning sleeve, thus torsion bar
Distribution and vehicle frame distribution always, be not easy to interfere with the other assemblies in vehicle frame.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) compact overall structure, occupy little space；(2) damper, buffering
Block, torsion bar realize buffering energy-absorbing damping jointly, and integral shock-absorbing effect is good, and the active force that various components are born is shared, and improve whole
Body service life；(3) the front and back vibration of lower swing arm is inhaled by stabilizer bar, stabilizer link, connection rod sphere limit, buffering
Energy；(3) in braking, deceleration, acceleration, distance rod, which can effectively share, weaken effect of inertia carrys out bring impact force, thus
It plays a protective role to suspended rack assembly；(4) torsion bar is arranged in the bottom of vehicle frame, and when bottom arm swing, torsion bar energy-absorbing and can promote
Reset lower swing arm, while unique setting of torsion bar prevents to evade other large parts on vehicle frame, so that vehicle vehicle
All parts on frame are easier for installation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the connection status figure of the present invention with vehicle frame.
Fig. 3 is the right view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is partial enlargement diagram at A in Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the connection schematic diagram of torsion bar and lower swing arm.
Fig. 6 is the connection schematic diagram of interior universal-joint fork, cross axle, outer universal-joint fork.
In figure: vehicle frame 1, suspended rack assembly 2, front beam 3, fulcrum bearing 4, distance rod 5, distance rod bulb 6, delays middle cross beam 100
Rush block 7, limit base 8, reinforcement arm 9, connector sleeve 10, stabilizer bar 11, stabilizer link 12, connection rod sphere 13, stabiliser bar ball
First 14, torsion bar fixed arm 15, interior universal-joint fork 16, cross axle 17, outer universal-joint fork 18, splined hole 180, torsion bar 19, splined shaft
20, torsion bar regulating arm 21, positioning seat 22, positioning sleeve 23, filter 24, suspension frame base 200, upper swing arm 201, lower swing arm 202, upper pendulum
Arm axle 203, bottom arm axle 204, attachment lug 205, damper 206, brake drum attachment base 207.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure shown in fig. 5, including be arranged in vehicle frame 1
The suspended rack assembly 2 of front end two sides, each suspended rack assembly 2 include suspension frame base 200, upper swing arm 201, lower swing arm 202, suspension frame base
Side is fixedly connected with the front end outer side face of vehicle frame, and upper swing arm 201 passes through the upper side of upper swing arm axis 203 and suspension frame base 200
Rotation connection, lower swing arm 202 are rotatablely connected by the lower end of bottom arm axle 204 and suspension frame base；The upper end of suspension frame base 200 is to extension
It stretches to form attachment lug 205, damper 206, damper 206 is equipped between the intermediate position and attachment lug 205 of lower swing arm 202
Upper end be fixedly connected with attachment lug, the lower end of damper 206 and lower swing arm are rotatablely connected；Upper swing arm 201, lower swing arm 202
Outer end on the inside of be equipped with brake drum attachment base 207 for connecting brake drum；Vehicle frame 1 is fixedly arranged at the front end with front beam 3, preceding cross
The bottom both ends of beam 3 are respectively and fixedly provided with fulcrum bearing 4, correspond and are equipped between fulcrum bearing 4 and the outer end of the ipsilateral lower swing arm of vehicle frame
Distance rod 5, one end of distance rod 5 are fixedly connected with the outer end bottom of lower swing arm, between the other end and fulcrum bearing 4 of distance rod 5
It is connected by distance rod bulb 6；Angle between distance rod 5 and vehicle frame 1 is 30 ° -45 °.
The intermediate position of lower swing arm 202 is fixed with buffer stopper 7, limited with the fixation of the corresponding position of buffer stopper on suspension frame base 200
Position seat 8；Reinforcement arm 9 is equipped between the lower end inside of two suspension frame bases 200, the both ends of reinforcement arm 9 are fixed with suspension frame base respectively to be connected
It connects.
The bottom of vehicle frame 1 is fixed with connector sleeve 10, and stabilizer bar 11, stabilizer bar 11 and company are equipped between connector sleeve
It is rotatablely connected between female connector, is equipped with vertical stabilizer link 12 on the upside of the outer end of each lower swing arm, stabilizer link 12
Lower end is connect by connection rod sphere 13 with lower swing arm, and the both ends of stabilizer bar 11 pass through stabiliser bar bulb 14 and stabiliser bar respectively
Connecting rod connects one to one.
As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, between the intermediate position of vehicle frame 1 be equipped with middle cross beam 100, the two of middle cross beam 100
End is fixedly connected with vehicle frame；The trailing flank of lower swing arm 202 is fixed with torsion bar fixed arm 15, and the inner end of torsion bar fixed arm 15 is equipped with interior
The bottom of universal-joint fork 16, interior universal-joint fork 16 is fixedly connected with the inner end of torsion bar fixed arm 15, the plug of interior universal-joint fork 16
Between be equipped with cross axle 17, the other two spindle nose of cross axle is equipped with outer universal-joint fork 18, and the outer end of outer universal-joint fork is in
It is corresponded between the downside end of crossbeam and is equipped with torsion bar 19, torsion bar 19 is fixedly arranged at the front end with splined shaft 20, outer universal-joint fork 18
Outer end center be equipped with splined hole 180 with spline axis connection, the rear end of torsion bar 19 is equipped with torsion bar regulating arm 21, torsion bar regulating arm
21 outer end is fixedly connected with the bottom of middle cross beam 14；The bottom of vehicle frame 1 and the front end corresponding position of torsion bar are equipped with positioning seat 22, fixed
Positioning sleeve 23 is fixed with below the seat of position, the front end of torsion bar passes through the positioning sleeve.
In conjunction with attached drawing, the principle of the present invention is as follows: suspended rack assembly 2 is mounted on the front end two sides of vehicle frame 1, to effectively drop
The distance between low vehicle frame and ground；Upper swing arm, lower swing arm, suspension frame base, the connection between damper are very compact, whole to occupy
Space is small, is not easy to interfere with the other assemblies of frame interior；Damper, torsion bar play damping energy absorption, greatly inhale
The wheel that returns the vehicle to the garage and knock off shakes, and when lower swing arm amplitude of fluctuation is larger, buffer stopper is contacted with limit base, further functions as buffering energy-absorbing function,
This kind of suspension frame structure, damping effect are very good；When braking, deceleration, acceleration occur in vehicle traveling process, vehicle body, vehicle frame
The thrust of effect of inertia generation, pulling force are undertaken by distance rod, and the thrust that effect of inertia generates, pulling force are resolved into longitudinal direction by distance rod
Active force, horizontal force, two distance rod longitudinal forces are cancelled out each other, to weaken the phase between suspended rack assembly and vehicle frame
To active force, play a protective role to entire suspension；And the front end of torsion bar uses interior universal-joint fork 16, cross axle 17, outer ten thousand
It is connect to the mode of section fork 18, torsion bar fixed arm 15 with lower swing arm, the rear end of torsion bar is connected by torsion bar regulating arm 21 and middle cross beam
It connects, the setting of torsion bar more maneuverability can effectively evade the large component on driving frame, mark as shown in Figure 1 for state six
Quasi- filter 24, six standard of state are very high to exhaust emissions requirement, and the volume of filter 24 significantly increases, and since vehicle frame is attached
Close space is limited, the installation site of filter be it is immovable, when this kind of torsion bar installation, can effectively evade out filtering
Device effectively prevents torsion bar from interfering with filter.
The above is only specific embodiments of the present invention, but technical characteristic of the invention is not limited thereto.It is any with this hair
Based on bright, to solve essentially identical technical problem, essentially identical technical effect is realized, made simple change, etc.
With replacement or modification etc., all it is covered by among protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure, the suspended rack assembly including vehicle frame front end two sides are arranged in, characterized in that each
Suspended rack assembly includes suspension frame base, upper swing arm, lower swing arm, the fixed company in the side of the suspension frame base and the front end outer side face of vehicle frame
Connect, the upper swing arm is rotatablely connected by the upper side of upper swing arm axis and suspension frame base, the lower swing arm by bottom arm axle with
The lower end of suspension frame base is rotatablely connected；The upper end of the suspension frame base extends outward to form attachment lug, the middle part of the lower swing arm
Damper is equipped between position and attachment lug, the upper end of the damper is fixedly connected with attachment lug, under the damper
End is rotatablely connected with lower swing arm；The upper swing arm, lower swing arm outer end on the inside of be equipped with brake drum for connecting brake drum and connect
Joint chair；The vehicle frame is fixedly arranged at the front end with front beam, and the bottom both ends of the front beam are respectively and fixedly provided with fulcrum bearing, fulcrum bearing and vehicle
It is corresponded between the outer end of the ipsilateral lower swing arm of frame and is equipped with distance rod.
2. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that one end of the distance rod with
The outer end bottom of lower swing arm is fixedly connected, and is connected between the other end and fulcrum bearing of the distance rod by distance rod bulb.
3. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the distance rod and vehicle
Angle between frame is 30 ° -45 °.
4. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the middle part of the lower swing arm
Position is fixed with buffer stopper, is fixed with limit base with the corresponding position of buffer stopper on the suspension frame base.
5. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower end of two suspension frame bases
Reinforcement arm is equipped between side, the both ends of the reinforcement arm are fixedly connected with suspension frame base respectively.
6. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure described according to claim 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, characterized in that the vehicle frame
Bottom be fixed with connector sleeve, stabilizer bar is equipped between connector sleeve, is rotatablely connected between stabilizer bar and connector sleeve, often
Vertical stabilizer link is equipped on the upside of the outer end of a lower swing arm, the lower end of the stabilizer link is by connection rod sphere under
Swing arm connection, the both ends of the stabilizer bar pass through stabiliser bar bulb respectively and connect one to one with stabilizer link.
7. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate position of the vehicle frame
Between be equipped with middle cross beam, the both ends of wherein the middle cross beam are fixedly connected with vehicle frame；The trailing flank of lower swing arm is fixed with torsion bar fixed arm,
The inner end of the torsion bar fixed arm is equipped with interior universal-joint fork, and the bottom of the interior universal-joint fork is connect with torsion bar fixed arm inner end,
Cross axle is equipped between the plug of the interior universal-joint fork, the other two spindle nose of the cross axle is equipped with outer universal-joint fork,
It is corresponded between the outer end of the outer universal-joint fork and the downside end of middle cross beam and is equipped with torsion bar.
8. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 7, characterized in that the front end of the torsion bar is fixed
There is splined shaft, the outer end center of the outer universal-joint fork is equipped with the splined hole with spline axis connection, and the rear end of the torsion bar is equipped with
The outer end of torsion bar regulating arm, the torsion bar regulating arm is fixedly connected with the bottom of middle cross beam.
9. a kind of stable type independent front suspension structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the bottom of the vehicle frame
It is equipped with positioning seat with the front end corresponding position of torsion bar, is fixed with positioning sleeve below the positioning seat, the front end of the torsion bar passes through
The positioning sleeve.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910816031.7A CN110422023A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910816031.7A CN110422023A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure |
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| CN110422023A true CN110422023A (en) | 2019-11-08 |
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| CN201910816031.7A Pending CN110422023A (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | A kind of stable type independent front suspension structure |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113978198A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-28 | 盐城工学院 | Guiding device for independent suspension of automobile |
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| CN113978198A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-28 | 盐城工学院 | Guiding device for independent suspension of automobile |
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