CN110419415A - A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast - Google Patents
A kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast, comprising the following steps: (1) desired parameter is irrigated needed for determining；(2) measurement irrigated area rice field water layer irrigates starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) real-time deep, determines the initial depth for irrigating water layer；(3) rotation flow group is divided according to irrigated area area and the distribution of trunk canal gate, determines d the time required to every group of irrigationi, and complete d the time required to all irrigationss；(4) d required for Optimal Irrigation is obtainedsThe daily average precipitation forecast data in irrigated area in it；(5) by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth, d needed for field leakage calculates irrigation are irrigatedsIts interior field water depth day by day；(6) require the irrigation project for completing each rotation flow group according to field water depth day by day and irrigation: (7) repeat step (1) to (6) until rice entire breeding time terminates.By means of the invention it is possible to optimize and reduce irrigation water, water resource utilization efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast, belongs to Agricultural Water
Native engineering field.
Background technique
With the high speed development of China's economy and society, the continuous growth of population, China's Rice Production and agricultural water resources
The pressure utilized increasingly increases.Currently, the irrigation water during Rice Cropping is the chief component of entire agricultural water,
Optimization Rice irrigation is of great significance to water.Rice irrigation plan is more extensive at present, Large-Sized Irrigation Districts it is every
Although the specific irrigation time of a rotation flow group has successively, irrigation water capacity is then fixed unification, does not fully consider and utilizes
The resource of natural rainfall.Such irrigation project will cause a large amount of water resource waste in the irrigation of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts.
Summary of the invention
The shortcomings that in order to overcome prior art, the irrigation project in scientific and reasonable formulation Large-Sized Irrigation Districts rice field make full use of
Natural rainfall is irrigated, and the waste of water resource is reduced；The present invention provides a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts rice based on precipitation forecast
Field irrigation project optimization method.The present invention is easy to promote in the irrigation of paddy fields practice of each Large-Sized Irrigation Districts.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization based on precipitation forecast
Method, comprising the following steps:
(1) it according to paddy growth period, irrigation method, irrigates the period and irrigated area place determines the ginseng that required irrigation requires
Number；
(2) measurement irrigated area rice field water layer irrigates starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) real-time deep, determines the initial depth irrigated；
(3) rotation flow group is divided according to irrigated area area and the distribution of trunk canal gate, determines d the time required to every group of irrigationiAnd it is complete
D the time required at all irrigationss(dsLess than or equal to 7)；
(4) d of Optimal Irrigation is obtainedsThe daily average precipitation forecast data in irrigated area in it；
(5) by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth is irrigated, field leakage and crop need
Water is calculated using water balance equation irrigates dsIrrigated area field water depth day by day in it；
(6) irrigation project of each rotation flow group of completion is required according to field water depth day by day and irrigation.
(7) step (1) to (6) is repeated until rice entire breeding time terminates.
2. preferably, step (1) specifically includes the following steps:
It should when a. determining the irrigated area place for needing Optimal Irrigation water, irrigation period, used irrigation method and irrigation
The affiliated growth period of region rice；
B. determine that the irrigated area is suitable for water layer upper limit h according to above- mentioned informationmax, it is suitable for water layer lower limit hmin, under soil moisture content
Limit θmin, soil dry bulk densityField leakage DP and water surface evaporation Z and α value, field capacity θ0, the root system of rice
Mobile layer depth S；
α value is given by following table:
C. according to paddy growth period, using α value method, i.e. water surface evaporation Z is converted water demand of crop ET by following formula；
ET=α Z
D. according to soil moisture content lower limit θmin, soil dry bulk density(underground), which is calculated, using following formula moistens water layer lower limit
hsmax；
Wherein ρ is the density of water, ρ=1g/cm3。
Preferably, step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
A. it determines and irrigates starting date；
B. starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) is being irrigated in irrigated area actual measurement water depth H0；
4. preferably, step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
A. the area in irrigated area is determined；
B. according to irrigated area area and trunk canal gate distribution situation, irrigated area is divided into s rotation flow group, every group of area is not more than
200000 mu；
C. number of days d needed for determining every group according to rotation flow group areai；Irrigated area group area is less than or equal to 50,000 mu, diEqual to 1；
Irrigated area group area is greater than 50,000 mu and is less than or equal to 100,000 mu, diEqual to 2；Irrigated area group area is greater than 100,000 mu and is less than or waits
In 200,000 mu, diEqual to 3；
E. total time d needed for calculating Irrigation Project Designs:
dsIt need to be less than or equal to 7, method of the invention be not suitable for if more than 7.
F. the sequencing and date that each rotation flow group is irrigated are determined；
Preferably, step (4) specifically includes the following steps:
A. it obtains using irrigated area center as the center of circle, is m weather forecast websites all in the border circular areas of radius with 100 kilometers
dsDaily Precipitation Forecast data y in iti,jI=1,2 ..., ds；J=1,2 ..., m；
B. irrigated area center is calculated to the distance r for having m weather forecast websitemAnd total distance rs:
C. weights omega of each meteorological site precipitation in the average precipitation forecast data of irrigated area is calculatedj, j=1,2 ...,
M:
D. irrigated area d is calculatedsDaily average precipitation forecast data T in iti, i=1,2 ..., ds:
Preferably, step (5) specifically includes the following steps:
A. by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth H is irrigated0, field leakage DP, crop
Water requirement ET is calculated using following formula and is irrigated dsIts interior field water depth H day by dayi: when paying attention to without surface water layer, water depth refers to
Distance of the water table surface to rice field surface.
Hi=Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is surface water layer within i-th, i-1 days；
Or
Hi=-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is within i-th day surface water layer, (i-1)-th day without surface water layer；
Or
Hi=| Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；Without surface water layer, there is surface water layer within (i-1)-th day within i-th day；
Or
Hi=|-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；I-th, i-1 days all without surface water layer；
When b. not irrigating, the field water depth of each rotation flow group is equal.
Preferably, step (6) specifically includes the following steps:
Compare i-th day field water depth H of rotation flow group when a. having surface water layeriWith hmaxSize；If HiGreater than hmaxThen should
Rotation flow group needed to drain at i-th day, displacement hp=Hi-hmax；If HiLess than or equal to hmaxAnd rotation flow has taken turns to group filling in the works
It irrigates, starts within i-th day to irrigate the group to field water layer and reach hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer filled
It irrigates；Otherwise the group does not need to irrigate and does not need to drain yet for i-th day；
When b. without surface water layer, compare i-th day water depth HiWith hsmaxSize；If HiMore than or equal to hsmaxThen should
Group must start to irrigate to suitable water layer upper limit h at i-th daymax；If HiLess than hsmaxAnd rotation flow does not take turns to group irrigation in the works,
Then the group does not need to irrigate for i-th day；If HiLess than hsmaxBut rotation flow has taken turns to group irrigation in the works, then starts within i-th day to irrigate and be somebody's turn to do
Group to field water depth reaches hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer irrigated；
E. above step a and b are repeated, until all rotation flow groups complete irrigation project.
The advanced science of the method for the present invention discloses a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field based on precipitation forecast through the invention
Duty optimization method, comprising the following steps: (1) according to paddy growth period, irrigation method, irrigate period and irrigated area place
Desired parameter is irrigated needed for determining；(2) measurement irrigated area rice field water layer irrigates starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) real-time deep, determines irrigation water
The initial depth of layer；(3) rotation flow group is divided according to irrigated area area and the distribution of trunk canal gate, determines d the time required to every group of irrigationi,
And complete d the time required to all irrigationss(dsLess than or equal to 7)；(4) d required for Optimal Irrigation is obtainedsIrrigated area is daily in it
Average precipitation forecast data；(5) by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth is irrigated, field is seeped
Leakage quantity, which calculates, irrigates required dsIts interior field water depth day by day；(6) it requires to complete according to field water depth day by day and irrigation
The irrigation project of each rotation flow group: (7) repeat step (1) to (6) until rice entire breeding time terminates.The present invention is using sufficiently
Irrigation of paddy fields water is adjusted using precipitation information, can optimize and reduce irrigation water, improves water resource utilization efficiency.
The utility model has the advantages that the efficient modern precipitation forecast technology of present invention application, scientific and reasonable utilizes natural rainfall institute shape
At water resource and Large-Sized Irrigation Districts rotation flow arrangement, reduce Rice Cropping during water requirement, saved irrigation of paddy fields water.
The method of the present invention is easy to promote the use during various Large-Sized Irrigation Districts Rice irrigations.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the division of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts rotation flow group.
Specific embodiment
The content of present invention is made with east China large-scale rice irrigation irrigation project practice with reference to the accompanying drawing further
Explanation:
(1) according to flow chart step shown in Fig. 1:
A. this irrigation project is formulated for east China Plain large size gravity-irrigated area, and the irrigation period is on July 7 to 7
The moon 13, irrigation method is wet-shallow irrigation, paddy growth tillering stage in period；
B. determine that the irrigated area is suitable for water layer upper limit h according to above- mentioned informationmax=20mm is suitable for water layer lower limit hmin=0.0mm,
Soil moisture content lower limit θmin=0.45, soil dry bulk densityField leakage DP=2.2mm/d and water surface evaporation Z
The value of=5.96mm/d and α=1.04, field capacity θ0=0.4, root zone according depth S=200mm of rice；
C. according to paddy growth period, using α value method, i.e. water surface evaporation Z is converted water demand of crop ET by following formula；
ET=α Z
In this ET=6.2mm/d
D. according to soil moisture content lower limit θmin, soil dry bulk density(underground), which is calculated, using following formula moistens water layer lower limit
hsmax；
In this hsmax=11.6mm
(2) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
A. it is July 7 that this, which irrigates starting date,；
B. this water depth for irrigating proxima luce (prox. luc) is 20mm, that is, irrigating starting water depth is H0=20mm.
(3) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
A. the area in irrigated area is determined；This irrigated area area is 34.0 ten thousand mu.
B. according to irrigated area area and trunk canal gate distribution situation, irrigated area is divided into s rotation flow group, every group of area is not more than
200000 mu；
This, which is irrigated, is divided into 3 irrigation groups for entire irrigated area, i.e. s=3 is specifically shown in Fig. 2.
C. number of days d needed for determining every group according to rotation flow group areai；Irrigated area group area is less than or equal to 50,000 mu, diEqual to 1；
Irrigated area group area is greater than 50,000 mu and is less than or equal to 100,000 mu, diEqual to 2；Irrigated area group area is greater than 100,000 mu and is less than or waits
In 200,000 mu, diEqual to 3；
It is 10.7 ten thousand mu that rotation flow group I, which controls irrigated area, is irrigated number of days 2 days；It is 7.1 ten thousand that rotation flow group II, which controls irrigated area,
Mu is irrigated number of days 2 days；It is 16.2 ten thousand mu that rotation flow group III, which controls irrigated area, is irrigated number of days 3 days.
E. total time d needed for calculating Irrigation Project Designs:
This ds=7
F. the sequencing and date that each rotation flow group is irrigated are determined；
This determines that rotation flow group I irrigation time is July 7 to July 8, and rotation flow group II irrigation time is July 9 to July
10, rotation flow group I irrigation time was July 11 to July 13.
(4) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
A. it obtains using irrigated area center as the center of circle, is m weather forecast websites all in the border circular areas of radius with 100 kilometers
dsDaily Precipitation Forecast data y in iti,jI=1,2 ..., ds；J=1,2 ..., m；
Share 3, i.e. m=3 weather forecasting centre in this 100 kilometer radius border circular areas, the drop in each weather station 7 days
Water predicted value see the table below.
1 weather station of table, 7 days precipitation forecasts (millimeter)
| Weather station | July 7 | July 8 | July 9 | July 10 | July 11 | July 12 | July 13 |
| 1 | 0 | 1.2 | 3.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.8 | 2.0 |
| 2 | 0 | 2.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| 3 | 0 | 3.2 | 1.0 | 0 | 0 | 1.1 | 2.0 |
B. irrigated area center is calculated to the distance r for having m weather forecast websitemAnd total distance rs:
The distance at this 3 weather forecasting centres to irrigated area centers is respectively 20 kilometers, 30 kilometers and 50 kilometers.
C. weights omega of each meteorological site precipitation in the average precipitation forecast data of irrigated area is calculatedj, j=1,2 ...,
M:
The weight of this three weather stations is ω respectively1=0.2, ω2=0.3, ω3=0.5,
D. irrigated area d is calculatedsDaily average precipitation forecast data T in iti, i=1,2 ..., ds:
It is calculated according to above, this average precipitation forecast data irrigated are as follows:
T1=0.0mm, T2=2.5mm, T3=1.1mm, T4=0.0mm, T5=0.0mm, T6=1.5mm, T7=2.0mm
(5) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
A. by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth H is irrigated0, field leakage DP, crop
Water requirement ET is calculated using following formula and is irrigated dsIts interior field water depth H day by dayi:
Hi=Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is surface water layer within i-th, i-1 days；
Or
Hi=-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is within i-th day surface water layer, (i-1)-th day without surface water layer；
Or
Hi=| Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；Without surface water layer, there is surface water layer within (i-1)-th day within i-th day；
Or
Hi=|-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；I-th, i-1 days all without surface water layer；
According to above formula, 7 days inner aqueous layer change in depth for calculating this irrigation project are as shown in table 2.
2 water depth of table (millimeter)
When b. not irrigating, the field water depth of each rotation flow group is equal.
(6) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
Compare i-th day field water depth H of rotation flow group when a. having surface water layeriWith hmaxSize；If HiGreater than hmaxThen should
Rotation flow group needed to drain at i-th day, displacement hp=Hi-hmax；If HiLess than or equal to hmaxAnd rotation flow has taken turns to group filling in the works
It irrigates, irrigates within i-th day the group to field water layer and reach hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer irrigated；It is no
Then the group does not need to irrigate and does not need to drain yet for i-th day；
When b. without surface water layer, compare i-th day water depth HiWith hsmaxSize；If HiMore than or equal to hsmaxThen should
Group must be irrigated at i-th day to suitable water layer upper limit hmax；If HsiLess than hsmaxAnd rotation flow does not take turns to group irrigation in the works, then
The group does not need to irrigate for i-th day；If HsiLess than hsmaxAnd rotation flow has taken turns to group irrigation in the works, then irrigates the group extremely within i-th day
Field water layer reaches hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer irrigated；
E. above step a and b are repeated, until all rotation flow groups complete irrigation project.
It is more than h that by comparing, in this irrigation project, water depth is irrigated in none daymax, i.e., row is forced without one day needs
Water.According to rotation flow plan, rotation flow group I needs to irrigate July 8 to surface water layer depth up to 20 millimeters, needs the irrigation water to be
14.3 millimeters；Rotation flow group II need July 10 irrigation water to surface water layer depth up to 20 millimeters, need irrigation water be 30 milli
Rice；Rotation flow group III needs must be irrigated July 11 to surface water layer depth up to 20 millimeters, and needing irrigation water is 38.4 millimeters.
So far this irrigation project in this irrigated area is completed, and July 12 to July 13 is without further irrigating or draining.
(7) to specifications and step described in flow chart:
Step (1) to (6) is repeated until rice entire breeding time terminates.
Above procedure is repeated, irrigation project in growth period duration of rice is continued to execute；Until rice harvesting.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
(1) according to paddy growth period, irrigation method, the parameter for irrigating the determining required irrigation requirement of period and irrigated area place；
(2) measurement irrigated area rice field water layer irrigates starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) real-time deep, determines the initial depth for irrigating water layer；
(3) rotation flow group is divided according to irrigated area area and the distribution of trunk canal gate, determines d the time required to every group of irrigationi, and complete institute
There is d the time required to irrigations, wherein dsLess than or equal to 7；
(4) d of Optimal Irrigation is obtainedsThe daily average precipitation forecast data in irrigated area in it；
(5) by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth, field leakage and the water demand of crop are irrigated
It is calculated using water balance equation and irrigates dsIrrigated area field water depth day by day in it；
(6) irrigation project of each rotation flow group of completion is required according to field water depth day by day and irrigation；
(7) step (1) to (6) is repeated until rice entire breeding time terminates.
2. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that, the step (1) specifically includes the following steps:
Region when a. determining the irrigated area place for needing Optimal Irrigation water, irrigation period, used irrigation method and irrigating
The affiliated growth period of rice；
B. determine that the irrigated area is suitable for water layer upper limit h according to information in step amax, it is suitable for water layer lower limit hmin, soil moisture content lower limit
θmin, soil dry bulk densityField leakage DP and water surface evaporation Z and α value, field capacity θ0, the root system work of rice
Dynamic layer depth S；
α value is given by following table:
C. according to paddy growth period, using α value method, i.e. water surface evaporation Z is converted water demand of crop ET by following formula:
ET=α Z；
D. according to soil moisture content lower limit θmin, soil dry bulk density(underground), which is calculated, using following formula moistens water layer lower limit hsmax:
Wherein ρ is the density of water, ρ=1g/cm3。
3. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 2,
Be characterized in that, the step (2) specifically includes the following steps:
A. it determines and irrigates starting date；
B. starting date proxima luce (prox. luc) is being irrigated in irrigated area actual measurement water depth H0。
4. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 3,
Be characterized in that, the step (3) specifically includes the following steps:
A. the area in irrigated area is determined；
B. according to irrigated area area and trunk canal gate distribution situation, irrigated area is divided into s rotation flow group, every group of area is not more than 200,000
Mu；
C. number of days d needed for determining every group according to rotation flow group areai；Irrigated area group area is less than or equal to 50,000 mu, diEqual to 1；Irrigated area
Group area is greater than 50,000 mu and is less than or equal to 100,000 mu, diEqual to 2；Irrigated area group area is greater than 100,000 mu and is less than or equal to 20
Ten thousand mu, diEqual to 3；
E. total time d needed for calculating Irrigation Project Designs:
dsIt need to be less than or equal to 7.
F. the sequencing and date that each rotation flow group is irrigated are determined.
5. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 4,
Be characterized in that, the step (4) specifically includes the following steps:
A. it obtains using irrigated area center as the center of circle, is m weather forecast website d all in the border circular areas of radius with 100 kilometerssIt
Interior daily Precipitation Forecast data yi,jI=1,2 ..., ds；J=1,2 ..., m；
B. irrigated area center is calculated to the distance r for having m weather forecast websitemAnd total distance rs:
C. weights omega of each meteorological site precipitation in the average precipitation forecast data of irrigated area is calculatedj, j=1,2 ..., m:
D. irrigated area d is calculatedsDaily average precipitation forecast data T in iti, i=1,2 ..., ds:
6. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 5,
Be characterized in that, the step (5) specifically includes the following steps:
A. by irrigated area average precipitation forecast data, starting field water depth H is irrigated0, field leakage DP, crop water
ET is measured, is calculated using following formula and irrigates dsIts interior field water depth H day by dayi, when paying attention to no surface water layer, water depth refers to underground
Distance of the water layer surface to rice field surface；
Hi=Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is surface water layer within i-th, i-1 days；
Or
Hi=-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP, i=1,2 ..., ds；There is within i-th day surface water layer, (i-1)-th day without surface water layer；
Or
Hi=| Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；Without surface water layer, there is surface water layer within (i-1)-th day within i-th day；
Or
Hi=|-Hi-1+Ti- ET-DP |, i=1,2 ..., ds；I-th, i-1 days all without surface water layer；
When b. not irrigating, the field water depth of each rotation flow group is equal.
7. a kind of Large-Sized Irrigation Districts paddy field irrigation project optimization method based on precipitation forecast according to claim 6,
Be characterized in that, the step (6) specifically includes the following steps:
Compare i-th day field water depth H of rotation flow group when a. having surface water layeriWith hmaxSize；If HiGreater than hmaxThe then rotation flow
Group needed to drain at i-th day, displacement hp=Hi-hmax；If HiLess than or equal to hmaxAnd rotation flow has taken turns to the group in the works and has irrigated then
Start within i-th day to irrigate the group to field water layer and reaches hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer irrigated；It is no
Then the group does not need to irrigate and does not need to drain yet for i-th day；
When b. without surface water layer, compare i-th day water depth HiWith hsmaxSize；If HiMore than or equal to hsmaxThen the group is necessary
Started to irrigate to suitable water layer upper limit h at i-th daymax；If HiLess than hsmaxAnd rotation flow does not take turns to group irrigation, the then group in the works
It does not need to irrigate within i-th day；If HiLess than hsmaxBut rotation flow has taken turns to group irrigation in the works, then starts within i-th day to irrigate the group to field
Between water depth reach hmax, then the group is excluded in this irrigation project, is no longer irrigated；
E. above step a and b are repeated, until all rotation flow groups complete irrigation project.
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