CN110417075B - 电源冗余*** - Google Patents

电源冗余*** Download PDF

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CN110417075B
CN110417075B CN201910345657.4A CN201910345657A CN110417075B CN 110417075 B CN110417075 B CN 110417075B CN 201910345657 A CN201910345657 A CN 201910345657A CN 110417075 B CN110417075 B CN 110417075B
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voltage
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battery
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converter
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渡和久
一身健次
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Yazaki Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/10—Parallel operation of dc sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires
    • H02J1/082—Plural DC voltage, e.g. DC supply voltage with at least two different DC voltage levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/0031—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits using battery or load disconnect circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

提供了一种电源冗余***，其中，不同电压的电源***共存，这使得即使其中发生接地故障或者短路时也能够将电力供给到负载。该***包括：直流直流转换器，该直流直流转换器的第一侧连接到具有第一电压的第一电池；第一开关，该第一开关设置在具有与第一电压不同的第二电压的第二电池与直流直流转换器的第二侧之间；负载，该负载利用第二电压运行，其分开地连接到第二电池和直流直流转换器的第二侧；以及控制器，该控制器通过接通第一开关监控第二电池的电压，并且当第二电池的电压变为等于或小于第一基准值时，断开第一开关并且使直流直流转换器能够从第二侧输出第二电压。

Description

电源冗余***
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电源冗余***，其中，不同电压的电源***共存。
背景技术
传统地，作为汽车的电源***，常见的是12V电源***，然而近年来，已经积极地采用了48V电源***。采用比过去电压更高的电源使得即使在相同的输出的情况下也能够降低供电电流。结果，由于在电力传输时电力损耗减小并且电线变得更细，所以期望汽车重量减轻。未来，期望将48V电源***用于配备有自动驾驶***的车辆中。
即使在采用48V电源***的情况下，目前，也可以期望其与用于操作现存的电气设备等的12V电源***在车辆内部共存。12V电源***与48V电源***的共存使得能够构成意在实现电源冗余的电源冗余***。
引用列表
专利文献
[专利文献1]
日本专利申请公开No.2017-229132
发明内容
技术问题
图7是图示出12V电源***与48V电源***共存的汽车电源冗余***300的框图。如图所示，12V电源***包括12V负载320和对12V负载320供电的12V电池310。48V电源***具有48V负载340和对48V负载340供电的48V电池330。电力还可以通过配备的ISG(有电动机功能的发电机)等供给到48V负载340。
直流直流转换器350设置在12V电源***与48V电源***之间，并且意在通过互相交换电力而实现电源冗余。在正常状态下，进行48V至12V的降压，使得能够将电力从48V电源***供给到12V电源***。
48V负载340与诸如转向这样的功能相关，并且能够将48V电池330中的发生异常时期望被供电的负载(后文中，称为“备用负载”)与其它负载(后文中，称为“普通负载”)区分。
图7所示的电源冗余***300使得直流直流转换器350即使在48V电池330中发生电压下降或者诸如开路这样的异常时也能够进行升压操作，将来自12V电源***的电力供给到48V备用负载。
然而，当在48V电池330中发生接地故障或者短路时，即使试图经由直流直流转换器350从12V电源***供给电力，在电源***中电压也不能充分地上升。因此，不可能将所需电力从12V电源***供给到48V备用负载。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种电源冗余***，其中，不同电压的电源***共存，这使得即使在一个电源***中发生接地故障或者短路时也能够将电力供给到负载。
为了解决以上问题，根据本发明的一个实施例的电源冗余***包括：直流直流转换器，所述直流直流转换器的第一侧连接到具有第一电压的第一电池；第一开关，该第一开关设置在具有与所述第一电压不同的第二电压的第二电池与所述直流直流转换器的第二侧之间；负载，该负载利用所述第二电压运行，所述负载分别连接到所述第二电池和所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧；以及控制器，该控制器通过接通所述第一开关监控所述第二电池的电压，并且当所述第二电池的电压等于或小于第一基准值时，控制器断开所述第一开关，并且使所述直流直流转换器能够从所述第二侧输出所述第二电压。
这里，优选地，电容器连接到所述负载的与所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧连接的一侧。
优选地，所述第二开关设置在所述负载与所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧之间，并且所述控制器在监控所述第二电池的电压时接通所述第二开关，并且当所述第二电池的电压变为预定值以下时，所述控制器断开所述第二开关，并且监控所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧的电压，并且当所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧的电压变为第二基准值以上时，控制器接通所述第二开关。
此时，所述第二开关可以由半导体开关构成，并且寄生二极管的阴极可以设置在所述负载侧。
根据本发明，在不同电压的电源***共存的电源冗余***中，即使当一个电源***中产生接地故障或者短路时，也能够将电力供给到负载。
附图说明
图1是示出根据本实施例的电源冗余***的配置的框图。
图2是描述电源冗余***的操作的流程图。
图3是示出在正常状态下的供电路径的图。
图4是示出刚好在48V电池中发生异常之后的供电路径的图。
图5是示出当直流直流转换器切换到升压操作时的供电路径的图。
图6是示出在直流直流转换器的输出电压上升之后的供电路径的图。
图7是示出表示车辆的电源的冗余***的框图，其中，12V电源***与48V电源***共存。
参考标记列表
100 电源冗余***
110 12V电池
120 12V负载
130 48V电池
140 48V普通负载
150 48V备用负载
160 第一开关
170 第二开关
180 电容器
190 控制单元
200 直流直流转换器
具体实施方式
将参考附图详细描述本发明的实施例。图1是示出根据本实施例的电源冗余***100的配置的框图。如图所示，电源冗余***100包括12V电源***和48V电源***两者。直流直流转换器200安装在12V电源***与48V电源***之间，意在通过互相的电力交换而实现电源冗余。
12V电源***具有12V负载120和12V电池110，该12V电池110对12V负载供电。48V电源***包括48V普通负载140和48V备用负载150以及48V电池130，该48V电池130对48V普通负载140和48V备用负载150供电。另外，设置有ISG(有电动机功能的发电机)等，电力供给到48V普通负载140和48V备用负载150。
此处，与诸如转向这样的功能相关的48V备用负载150是期望即使在48V电池130等中发生异常时也维持供电的负载。48V普通负载140是除了上述48V备用负载之外的48V负载。采用例如EPS(电动动力转向)等作为48V备用负载150。
根据本实施例的电源冗余***100包括第一开关160、第二开关170、电容器180和控制单元190，从而即使在48V电池130中发生接地故障或者短路时，也将电力供给到48V备用负载150。
第一开关160设置在直流直流转换器200的48V侧与48V电池130之间。第二开关170设置在直流直流转换器200的48V侧与48V备用负载150之间。
这里，48V备用负载150具有输入#1和输入#2，并且输入#1连接到48V电池130，输入#2连接到第二开关170。
当第一开关160和第二开关170由半导体开关构成时被布置为使得第一开关160的寄生二极管的阴极位于直流直流转换器200侧，并且第二开关170的寄生二极管的阴极位于48V备用负载150侧。
电容器180设置在48V备用负载150的输入#2处，以防止在48V电池130发生异常时的瞬间中断。因此，电容性铝电解电容器等是适合的。如果能够在48V备用负载150处接受瞬间中断，则可以省略48V备用负载150和第二开关170。
控制单元190监控48V电池130的电压V1和在直流直流转换器200的48V侧处的电压V2，并且接通和断开第一开关160和第二开关170，并且控制直流直流转换器200的操作。控制单元190由诸如IC这样的设备构成。可以通过用多个装置分配功能来配置控制单元190。
接着，将参考图2的流程图描述具有以上配置的电源冗余***100的操作。在正常状态下，第一开关160和第二开关170处于接通的状态，直流直流转换器200进行48V到12V的降压操作，并且将来自48V电源***的电力供给到12V电源***(S101)。
此时，如图3所示，48V电池130将电力供给到48V备用负载150，并且通过第一开关160和第二开关170对电容器180充电。
控制单元190监控48V电池130的电压V1，并且当检测到电压V1恶化为等于或小于预定值时，控制单元190判定已经在48V电池130中产生异常(S102：是)。48V电池130的异常包括电池开路、输出电压低、接地故障、短路等。
当判定已经在48V电池130中发生异常时，控制单元190断开第一开关160(S103)。结果，48V电池130与直流直流转换器200分离。
进一步地，第二开关170断开(S104)。在该状态下，如图4所示，48V备用负载150由电容器180供电，因此，能够防止48V备用负载150的瞬间中断。
进一步地，控制单元190将进行降压操作的直流直流转换器200切换为从12V到48V的升压操作(S105)。在切换之后立即进行的升压未到达48V的状态下，第二开关170断开，然而如图5所示，能够通过第二开关170的寄生二极管从直流直流转换器200将电力补充地供给到备用负载150。
控制单元190监控直流直流转换器200的输出电压V2，并且当检测到输出电压V2上升到接近48V时(S105：是)，第二开关170接通(S106)。
此时，即使当在48V电池130中产生接地故障或者短路时，也能够通过直流直流转换器200将电力从12V电源***供给到48V备用负载150。这是因为48V电池130由第一开关160隔开。而且，电容器180充电。图6表明当从12V电源***向48V备用负载150供电时的供电路径。
如上所述，根据本实施例的电源冗余***100，即使在48V电池130中产生接地故障或者短路时，也能够将电力供给到48V备用负载150。
共存的电源***不限于12V和48V。而且，48V备用负载150不限于诸如EPS这样的转向功能，而可以是行驶功能、车门打开/关闭功能、自动驾驶功能等各种功能。而且，例如，48V电源***可以分为诸如前侧和后侧这样的多个区块。

Claims (4)

1.一种电源冗余***，包括：
直流直流转换器，所述直流直流转换器的第一侧连接到具有第一电压的第一电池；
第一开关，该第一开关设置在第二电池与所述直流直流转换器的第二侧之间，所述第二电池具有与所述第一电压不同的第二电压；
负载，该负载利用所述第二电压运行，所述负载具有至少两个电源输入端部，其中一个电源输入端部连接到所述第二电池，另一个电源输入端部连接到所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧；以及
控制器，该控制器通过接通所述第一开关监控所述第二电池的电压，并且当所述第二电池的电压等于或小于第一基准值时，所述控制器断开所述第一开关，并且使所述直流直流转换器能够从所述第二侧输出所述第二电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电源冗余***，其中，
电容器连接到所述负载的与所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧连接的一侧。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电源冗余***，其中，
第二开关设置在所述负载与所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧之间，并且其中，
所述控制器当监控所述第二电池的电压时接通所述第二开关，并且当所述第二电池的电压变为预定值以下时，所述控制器断开所述第二开关，并且监控所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧的电压，并且当所述直流直流转换器的所述第二侧的电压变为第二基准值以上时，所述控制器接通所述第二开关。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电源冗余***，其中，
所述第二开关由半导体开关构成，并且寄生二极管的阴极设置在所述负载这一侧。
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