CN110416508B - Electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite material is prepared by stirring a soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution and a vulcanizing agent aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150-280 ℃, carrying out furnace cooling, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain a solid A; adding the solid A into a poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution, stirring, and washing to obtain a solid B; putting the solid B into MXene aqueous solution, stirring, standing, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a solid C; and calcining the solid C at 500-700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen. The composite material is self-assembled on the MXene nano-sheet matrix through electrostatic action, the matrix can effectively accommodate the volume effect of cobalt disulfide in the charge and discharge processes, and the composite material has excellent charge and discharge cycle performance, rate capability and high first coulombic efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery cathode materials, and particularly relates to an electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Along with the progress and development of society, the energy problem faced by human is increasingly prominent. Lithium ion batteries, which are currently the most successful commercial energy storage devices, have been popular among people because they alleviate some of the concerns about energy storage. In particular, lithium ion batteries are widely developed and applied in the field of electric vehicles due to their advantages of green/environmental protection, recyclability, and the like. At present, the negative active materials adopted in the lithium ion batteries in the market are various graphite materials with good electrical conductivity/layered structures, the theoretical specific capacity of the negative active materials is 372mAh/g, the negative active materials are relatively suitable for the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions, and the negative active materials show higher first coulombic efficiency and better cycling stability. However, with the development of industry and technology, people have raised higher requirements on performance parameters of lithium ion batteries, such as capacity, energy density and cycle life, and lithium ion batteries prepared from graphite cathode materials cannot meet the requirements of high-specific-energy lithium ion batteries at present.
The cobalt disulfide is used as the lithium ion battery electrode material, the theoretical specific capacity of the cobalt disulfide is usually as high as more than 700mAh/g, which is at least two times of that of the commercial graphite cathode material, in addition, the sulfur element storage capacity is very rich, the price is very low, and the lithium embedding voltage of the cobalt disulfide material is relatively low, so that the cobalt disulfide material is very suitable for being used as the cathode material of the next generation of high-energy lithium ion battery cell. However, in the process of charging and discharging lithium ions, the material generates a large volume expansion rate, which causes pulverization and falling of the cobalt disulfide material, and on one hand, the contact between the active material and the current collector is influenced, and the hindered electron transmission process is influenced; on the other hand, the solid electrolyte interface film is gradually thickened in the circulation process, so that lithium ions are continuously consumed, the internal impedance of the battery is increased, the capacity and the coulombic efficiency are continuously attenuated, and the cycle life is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to buffer the volume effect generated during the charge and discharge processes thereof, thereby improving the cycle stability thereof as much as possible.
In view of the above problems, the currently common solution is to prepare cobalt sulfide nanoparticles and compound them with carbon materials, which is a promising method. However, the existing cobalt sulfide composite material only carries out simple mechanical coating on the cobalt disulfide material, and the capacity exertion and the cycle life improvement of the cobalt disulfide composite material are both limited. The nano flower-shaped cobalt disulfide material is synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and is firmly combined with MXene by an electrostatic self-assembly method, so that the capacity of a cobalt disulfide active substance can be fully exerted, and the excellent conductivity and nano layered structure of MXene are utilized. In particular, there is no patent report that a composite material formed by electrostatically self-assembling three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide on MXene nano-sheets to form a 3D structure is favored by scientists in other fields (sodium ion batteries, catalytic ORE, etc.) in addition to the excellent performance exhibited by lithium ion battery negative electrode materials.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the carbon negative electrode material and the similar composite material in the prior art in the application of the high-energy-density lithium ion battery, the invention mainly aims to provide the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material. The composite material has a good three-dimensional flexible structure, can fully exert the capacity of the cobalt disulfide nanoparticles, can effectively accommodate the volume effect of the cobalt disulfide nanoparticles in the charge and discharge processes, and has good conductivity, excellent multiplying power and cycle performance.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
The invention further aims to provide application of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a static self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material is prepared by stirring a soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution and a vulcanizing agent aqueous solution to obtain a mixed solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 150-280 ℃, carrying out furnace cooling, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain a solid A; adding the solid A into a poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution, stirring, and washing to obtain a solid B; putting the solid B into MXene aqueous solution, stirring, standing, centrifugally washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a solid C; and calcining the solid C at 500-700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen.
Preferably, the soluble cobalt salt in the soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution is CoCl2、C4H6CoO4、CoSO4、Co(NO3)2Or a hydrate of one or more of the above salts.
Preferably, the vulcanizing agent in the vulcanizing agent aqueous solution is more than one of sodium sulfide, thioacetamide and L-cysteine.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the soluble cobalt salt to the vulcanizing agent is (0.5-1): 1.
preferably, the concentration of the soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04 mol/L, the concentration of the vulcanizing agent aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04 mol/L, and the concentration of the MXene aqueous solution is 0.001-0.01 mg/L.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) to the solid A in the poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution is (0.05-1): 1; the mass ratio of MXene to solid B in the MXene aqueous solution is (0.1-1): 1.
the preparation method of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material comprises the following specific steps:
s1, carrying out hydrothermal reaction on a mixed solution obtained by stirring a soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution and a vulcanizing agent aqueous solution at 150-280 ℃, carrying out suction filtration after furnace cooling, and drying to obtain a solid A;
s2, adding the solid A into a poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution, stirring, and washing to obtain a solid B;
s3, placing the solid B into an MXene aqueous solution, stirring, standing, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a solid C;
s4, calcining the solid C at 500-700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and thus obtaining the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
Preferably, the hydrothermal reaction time in the step S1 is 12-36 h.
Preferably, the stirring time in the step S2 is 12-24 h;
preferably, the standing time in the step S3 is 24-48 h;
preferably, the calcination time in step S4 is 2-12 h.
The electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material is applied to the field of battery cathode materials.
The method comprises the steps of dissolving soluble cobalt salt and a vulcanizing agent in deionized water respectively, then fully mixing the soluble cobalt salt and the vulcanizing agent uniformly and completely reacting the soluble cobalt salt and the vulcanizing agent, and growing the cobalt disulfide nanosheet into a flower-shaped structure through a simple hydrothermal reaction. Then adding the solution into a PDDA solution to coat a layer of PDDA on the surface of the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide and carry positive charges. And then placing the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide with positive charges into a GO solution, uniformly dispersing and stirring the mixture to enable the two to form a three-dimensional porous structure through self-assembly under the action of static electricity, and finally placing the compound into a high-temperature nitrogen-coated atmosphere to sinter and reduce GO into MXene. In the material, MXene nanosheets and cobalt disulfide are combined very tightly under the action of static electricity, and meanwhile, an ordered and interconnected porous lamellar structure is formed between the MXene nanosheets and the cobalt disulfide. In the cathode material obtained by the technical scheme, the cobalt disulfide single crystal flower and MXene form a three-dimensional flower structure through electrostatic self-assembly, and finally the three-dimensional porous structure of the three-dimensional nanoflower is obtained.
The cobalt disulfide in the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material is in a three-dimensional flower shape, so that gram capacity exertion of the material in the charging and discharging process is facilitated, and the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide is composed of nano single crystal wafers, is single and stable in structure and shows good circulation stability. Meanwhile, the electrostatic self-assembly of the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide on the MXene nano-chip can reduce the contact resistance between the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide and the MXene nano-chip. And ordered interconnected porous channels formed among the MXene nanosheets are beneficial to the storage of lithium ions and the permeation of electrolyte, so that the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide and the electrolyte have better contact. In addition, the cobalt disulfide nanoflowers which grow electrostatically play a supporting role on the MXene layer, so that the collapse of a layered structure and the restacking of the MXene layer are prevented, a good flexible structure is kept, an effective channel is provided for the transmission of electrons and lithium ions, and the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material has good rate performance. And the carbonized PDDA layer positioned outside the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide isolates the direct contact of the flower-shaped cobalt disulfide and the electrolyte, so that the solid electrolyte interface film is ensured to be on the surface of the graphene, and a stable solid electrolyte interface film is formed. And the three-dimensional flexible MXene sheet can effectively accommodate the volume effect of cobalt disulfide in the charge-discharge process and keep higher specific capacity. Therefore, the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material prepared by the method has excellent charge-discharge cycle performance and rate capability.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the active material cobalt disulfide is a nanoflower structure self-generated by the single crystal nanosheets, and is beneficial to full play of capacity removal and maintenance of excellent cycle stability in the charge-discharge cycle process. Meanwhile, MXene enables the composite material to have a three-dimensional porous structure, so that the storage of ions and the permeation of electrolyte are facilitated, the active substances are convenient to contact with the electrolyte better, an effective channel is provided for the transmission of electrons and lithium ions, and the cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material has better rate performance.
2. Due to the supporting effect of the cobalt disulfide nanoflowers on MXene, the flexible structure can be kept well, the volume effect of the cobalt disulfide in the charging and discharging process can be effectively contained, high specific capacity and good conductivity can be kept, and the high-performance lithium battery has excellent charging and discharging cycle performance and rate capability and high first coulombic efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the electrostatic self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the rate charge and discharge performance of the electrostatic self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
1. Adding 5mmol of CoSO4·7H2O and 10mmol Na2S are respectively dissolved in 40mL of deionized water to obtain a pink A solution and a transparent B solution;
2. slowly adding the solution A into the solution B in the step 1, uniformly mixing, and fully stirring for 30min to obtain a light red solution C;
3. pouring the solution C obtained in the step 2 into a stainless steel reaction kettle, then placing the stainless steel reaction kettle into a forced air drying oven, heating the stainless steel reaction kettle to 150 ℃, preserving heat for 36 hours, carrying out suction filtration after furnace cooling, and drying to obtain a solid D;
4. diluting 4mL of 20 wt.% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution by adding 100mL of deionized water, adding 200mg of the solid D obtained in the step 3 into the solution, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and washing the mixture by centrifugation to obtain a solid E;
5. weighing an aqueous solution containing 50mg of MXene, adding 100mL of deionized water for dilution, putting 200mg of solid E obtained in the step 4 into the aqueous solution, fully stirring the mixture, standing the mixture for 24 hours, then centrifugally washing the mixture, and drying the mixture in a freeze drying box to obtain solid F;
6. and (3) putting the solid F obtained in the step (5) into a rapid heating resistance furnace, heating to 600 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 4 hours to obtain the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope picture of the electrostatic self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material prepared in this embodiment. As can be seen from fig. 1, the anode material obtained in this example has the aforementioned three-dimensional porous structure. Fig. 2 is a rate charge and discharge performance curve of the electrostatic self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material obtained in the present embodiment. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the obtained composite material has high capacity, and can still maintain high capacity under high-rate circulation, which shows that the material has excellent circulation stability.
Example 2
1. 3mmol of CoCl2·6H2Dissolving O and 3mmol of TAA (thioacetamide) in 40mL of deionized water respectively to obtain a pink A solution and a transparent B solution;
2. slowly adding the solution A in the step 1 into the solution B, uniformly mixing, and fully stirring for 30min to obtain a light red solution C;
3. pouring the solution C obtained in the step 2 into a stainless steel reaction kettle, then placing the stainless steel reaction kettle into a forced air drying oven, heating the solution C to 150 ℃, preserving the heat for 36 hours, carrying out suction filtration after furnace cooling, and drying the solution C to obtain a solid D;
4. diluting 4mL of 20 wt.% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution with 100mL of deionized water, adding 200mg of the solid D obtained in the step 3 into the solution, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and washing the mixture by centrifugation to obtain a solid E;
5. weighing an aqueous solution containing 50mg of MXene, adding 100mL of deionized water for dilution, putting 200mg of solid E obtained in the step 4 into the aqueous solution, fully stirring the mixture, standing the mixture for 24 hours, then centrifugally washing the mixture, and drying the mixture in a freeze drying box to obtain solid F;
6. and (4) putting the solid F in the step (5) into a rapid heating resistance furnace, heating to 600 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 4 hours to obtain the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
Example 3
1. 3mmol of CoCl2·6H2Dissolving O and 3mmol L-cysteine in 40mL deionized water respectively to obtain pink A solution and pink B solution;
2. slowly adding the solution A into the solution B in the step 1, uniformly mixing, and fully stirring for 30min to obtain a light red solution C;
3. pouring the solution C obtained in the step 2 into a stainless steel reaction kettle, then placing the stainless steel reaction kettle into a forced air drying oven, heating the stainless steel reaction kettle to 280 ℃, preserving the heat for 36 hours, carrying out suction filtration after furnace cooling, and drying to obtain a solid D;
4. diluting 4mL of 25 wt.% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution with 100mL of deionized water, adding 200mg of the solid D obtained in the step 3 into the solution, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and washing the mixture by centrifugation to obtain a solid E;
5. weighing an aqueous solution containing 5mg of MXene, adding 100mL of deionized water for dilution, putting 200mg of solid E obtained in the step 4 into the aqueous solution, fully stirring the mixture, standing the mixture for 35 hours, then centrifugally washing the mixture, and drying the mixture in a freeze drying box to obtain solid F;
6. and (3) putting the solid F obtained in the step (5) into a rapid heating resistance furnace, heating to 500 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 12 hours to obtain the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
Example 4
1. Mixing 3mmol of C4H6CoO4And 3mmol TAA (thioacetamide) are respectively dissolved in 40mL deionized water to obtain a pink A solution and a transparent B solution;
2. slowly adding the solution A into the solution B in the step 1, uniformly mixing, and fully stirring for 30min to obtain a light red solution C;
3. pouring the solution C obtained in the step 2 into a stainless steel reaction kettle, then placing the stainless steel reaction kettle into a forced air drying oven, heating the solution C to 220 ℃, preserving the heat for 30 hours, carrying out suction filtration after furnace cooling, and drying the solution C to obtain a solid D;
4. diluting 4mL of 15 wt.% polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDDA) solution by adding 100mL of deionized water, adding 200mg of the solid D obtained in the step 3 into the solution, stirring the mixture for a period of time, and washing the mixture by centrifugation to obtain a solid E;
5. weighing an aqueous solution containing 10mg of MXene, adding 100mL of deionized water for dilution, putting 200mg of solid E obtained in the step 4 into the aqueous solution, fully stirring the mixture, standing the mixture for 48 hours, then centrifugally washing the mixture, and drying the mixture in a freeze drying box to obtain solid F;
6. and (3) putting the solid F obtained in the step (5) into a rapid heating resistance furnace, heating to 700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 2 hours to obtain the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes and modifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
s1, carrying out hydrothermal reaction on a mixed solution obtained by stirring a soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution and a vulcanizing agent aqueous solution at 150-280 ℃ for 12-36 h, cooling along with a furnace, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain a solid A; the molar ratio of the soluble cobalt salt to the vulcanizing agent is (0.5-1): 1; the concentration of the soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04 mol/L, and the concentration of the vulcanizing agent aqueous solution is 0.01-0.04 mol/L; the soluble cobalt salt in the soluble cobalt salt aqueous solution is CoCl2、C4H6CoO4、CoSO4、Co(NO3)2Or one or more hydrates of the above salts; the vulcanizing agent in the vulcanizing agent aqueous solution is more than one of sodium sulfide, thioacetamide and L-cysteine;
s2, adding the solid A into a poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution, stirring, and washing to obtain a solid B; the mass ratio of the poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) to the solid A in the poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution is (0.05-1): 1;
s3, putting the solid B into MXene aqueous solution, stirring, standing for 24-48 h, centrifugally washing, and freeze-drying to obtain a solid C; the concentration of the MXene aqueous solution is 0.001-0.01 mg/L; the mass ratio of MXene to solid B in the MXene aqueous solution is (0.1-1): 1;
s4, calcining the solid C at 500-700 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen to prepare the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material; the cobalt disulfide is in a nanoflower structure formed by self-generation of single crystal nanosheets.
2. The preparation method of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stirring time in step S2 is 12-24 h; the calcination time in the step S4 is 2-12 h.
3. An electrostatically self-assembled three-dimensional flower-like cobalt disulfide/MXene composite prepared by the method of claim 1 or 2.
4. The application of the electrostatic self-assembly three-dimensional flower-shaped cobalt disulfide/MXene composite material in the field of battery negative electrode materials.
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