CN110411987B - Signal processing system and signal processing method of SF6 gas sensor - Google Patents
Signal processing system and signal processing method of SF6 gas sensor Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/59—Transmissivity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K7/00—Modulating pulses with a continuously-variable modulating signal
- H03K7/08—Duration or width modulation ; Duty cycle modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/12—Analogue/digital converters
- H03M1/60—Analogue/digital converters with intermediate conversion to frequency of pulses
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/21—Pc I-O input output
- G05B2219/21137—Analog to digital conversion, ADC, DAC
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
- G05B2219/25257—Microcontroller
Abstract
The invention discloses a signal processing system and a signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor, wherein the signal processing method comprises the following steps: the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor is converted in voltage and frequency through a frequency converter, so that the frequency of the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor is realized; amplifying the frequency signal of the small signal through an operational amplifier; inputting the amplified frequency signal into an analog comparator, simultaneously adjusting the duty ratio of PWM by the MCU, inputting the duty ratio into the input end of the analog comparator, and connecting the output end of the analog comparator into the input end of the MCU, so that the MCU judges whether the analog comparator is turned over; and if the analog comparator overturns, recording the PWM frequency value at the overturning moment of the analog comparator. The signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor can ensure that the consistency of products is better, and the measurement precision and the resolution are higher; meanwhile, the size of the sensor is reduced, and the cost of the sensor is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of signal processing, and more particularly, to a signal processing system and a signal processing method for an SF6 gas sensor.
Background
In the power industry, the gas consumption of high-voltage switch equipment accounts for more than 80% of that of SF6, and the gas consumption of medium-voltage switches accounts for 10%. The high-voltage gas insulated switchgear is mainly used in the high-voltage field of 126-252kV and the ultrahigh-voltage field of 330-800kV, and particularly in a breaker (GCB generator outlet breaker) of 126kV-252kV-550kV, an SF6 enclosed switchgear (GIS), a gas insulated switchgear (C-GIS) and an SF6 gas insulated pipeline bus (GIL). Therefore, it is highly necessary to properly use and monitor the SF6 gas.
The SF6 gas sensor does not have to process signals, and the raw output signals of the sensor can be used as useful information only after being processed, so the processing of the signals is particularly important. The main purpose of signal processing is to attenuate unwanted content in the signal, to filter out miscellaneous noise and interference, or to convert the signal into a form that is easy to process, transmit, analyze and identify for subsequent further processing.
For the processing of small signals, the requirement on the accuracy of the measurement is higher as the smaller the signal is, but the small signal is easily interfered by noise, so that a situation that a lot of jump signals are generated due to the noise interference on the acquired small signal data often occurs, for example, when a Micro Control Unit (MCU) acquires a small current signal, since an OFFSET (OFFSET) also exists in an internal Analog-to-Digital Converter module (ADC), and other interference on a circuit also causes generation of larger noise, which affects the Analog-to-Digital conversion (AD) detection of the small current signal, further affects other functions of a product, so that the processing algorithm for the small signal is particularly important.
The signal processing of the traditional SF6 gas sensor adopts the method that an operational amplifier is connected and then an ADC chip is added, so that a small signal is converted into a digital signal for processing. However, the small signal of the sensor has a relatively large drift in the path through the operational amplifier due to the influence of ambient temperature, humidity, and the like. In addition, the small signal itself is easily interfered by noise, and the ADC chip is easily affected by quantization noise of the ADC chip itself when the ADC chip performs processing for converting an analog signal into a digital signal. If a high-precision ADC is selected, the hardware cost of the system is increased. Meanwhile, when the PCB hardware board card is manufactured, the layout and wiring of the electronic components can affect the noise influence brought by the small signal AD acquisition data.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a signal processing system of an SF6 gas sensor, which can reduce the volume of the sensor and the cost of the sensor.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a signal processing system of an SF6 gas sensor, comprising an SF6 gas sensor, a frequency converter, an operational amplifier, an analog comparator and an MCU. The SF6 gas sensor is used for outputting small signals; the frequency converter is connected with the SF6 gas sensor and is used for converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor from a voltage signal into a frequency signal; the operational amplifier is connected with the frequency converter and is used for amplifying the frequency signal converted by the frequency converter; the analog comparator is connected with the operational amplifier, and the frequency signal amplified by the operational amplifier is input into the analog comparator; and the MCU is used for adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM, inputting the duty ratio into the input end of the analog comparator, then connecting the output end of the analog comparator into the input end of the MCU, and judging whether the analog comparator is overturned or not.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU are disposed on a hardware board.
In a preferred embodiment, the hardware board comprises a power-on device which is used for powering on the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU, and completing hardware configuration to make the SF6 gas sensor work stably.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a signal processing method for an SF6 gas sensor, which can improve the consistency of products and improve the measurement accuracy and resolution.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor, which performs signal processing by using the signal processing system of the SF6 gas sensor, the signal processing method comprising the following steps: converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor into a voltage signal through a frequency converter so as to realize the frequency conversion of the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor; amplifying the frequency signal of the small signal, and inputting the amplified frequency signal into an analog comparator; the duty ratio of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is adjusted through an MCU, the duty ratio is input into the input end of an analog comparator, the output end of the analog comparator is connected into the input end of the MCU, and the MCU judges whether the analog comparator is turned over or not (the turning of the analog comparator means that the input value of the analog comparator is 0, the output value of the analog comparator is 1, the turning is performed, and if the output value is still 0, the turning is not performed); and if the analog comparator overturns, recording the PWM frequency value at the overturning moment of the analog comparator.
In a preferred embodiment, the signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor further comprises the following steps: restoring the voltage value of the small signal of the original SF6 gas sensor by searching and calibrating an SF6 gas sensor manual according to the mapping relation established by the frequency value of the PWM and the voltage value of the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor; carrying out digital filtering on the small signal to eliminate the interference of the surrounding environment and an electromagnetic field when the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor is output; and comparing SF6 gas sensor handbook, reducing SF6 gas concentration.
In a preferred embodiment, the signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor further includes: if the analog comparator is not turned over, the MCU continuously adjusts the PWM duty ratio from small to large until the analog comparator is turned over, and the PWM frequency value of the analog comparator at the turning moment is recorded.
In a preferred embodiment, the amplification of the frequency signal of the small signal is performed by an operational amplifier;
in a preferred embodiment, the step of converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor into a voltage signal and a frequency signal by a frequency converter to realize the frequency conversion of the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor is preceded by the following steps: and electrifying the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU which are arranged on the hardware single board to complete hardware configuration until the SF6 gas sensor works stably.
Compared with the prior art, the signal processing system and the signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor have the following beneficial effects: the small signal processing system and the small signal processing method convert voltage or current signals of small signals into frequency signals, and only change the amplitude of the small signals and not change the frequency when the ambient temperature changes, so that the influence of environmental temperature change and the like is eliminated. Secondly, an ADC chip is not adopted during digital-to-analog conversion, so that quantization noise of the ADC is eliminated, and the measurement precision and the resolution are improved. And the traditional sensor small signal processing adopts an analog filter to eliminate the noise brought by the surrounding environment and the single board, and the method adopts digital filtering, so that the hardware volume is reduced, the hardware cost is reduced, and the sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a hardware block diagram of a signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or component but not the exclusion of any other element or component.
One SF6 gas sensor proposed herein follows the lambert Beer theorem. The theorem can be used as the basis for quantitative detection of gas concentration. When light penetrates through the gas with uniform concentration, part of energy is absorbed by the gas, and the light intensity is attenuated. Assuming that a beam of monochromatic light with light intensity I0 passes through a gas with uniform concentration and a path L, and then the emergent light intensity is I, I and I0 satisfy the following relations: i0 e-aCL. Where I0 is the incident intensity of the light; i is the emergent light intensity of the light after the light penetrates through the gas; a is the gas absorption coefficient; c represents the concentration of the gas; l represents the distance (optical path length) that light travels in a gas. It can be seen that the intensity of the emergent light I is a function of the coefficients a, the optical length L and the gas concentration C when the intensity of the incident light is constant. a is related to the gas composition and the optical path structure, and in the case where the gas composition is single and the optical path structure is determined, a is a fixed value which can be found by experiment. Under the condition of a-definite, the larger the gas concentration is, the longer the optical path is, and the smaller the value of the emergent light intensity I is, so that the theorem provides a theoretical basis for quantitative analysis of the gas concentration.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a hardware schematic block diagram of a signal processing system of an SF6 gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. The signal processing system of the SF6 gas sensor according to the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises an SF6 gas sensor, a frequency converter, an operational amplifier, an analog comparator and an MCU. The SF6 gas sensor is used for outputting small signals; the frequency converter is connected with the SF6 gas sensor and is used for converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor from a voltage signal into a frequency signal; the operational amplifier is connected with the frequency converter and is used for amplifying the frequency signal converted by the frequency converter; the analog comparator is connected with the operational amplifier, and the frequency signal amplified by the operational amplifier is input into the analog comparator; and the MCU is used for adjusting the duty ratio of the PWM, inputting the duty ratio into the input end of the analog comparator, then connecting the output end of the analog comparator into the input end of the MCU, and judging whether the analog comparator is overturned or not.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU are disposed on a hardware board.
In a preferred embodiment, the hardware board comprises a power-on device which is used for powering on the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU, and completing hardware configuration to make the SF6 gas sensor work stably.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a flowchart of a signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the signal processing method uses the signal processing system shown in fig. 1 to perform signal processing, and the signal processing method mainly includes the following steps: firstly, a frequency converter, an operational amplifier, an analog comparator and an MCU (microprogrammed control Unit) which are arranged on a hardware single board are electrified to complete hardware configuration, and after an SF6 gas sensor works stably; the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor is converted from a voltage signal to a frequency signal by a frequency converter, thereby realizing the frequency of the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor.
Then, amplifying the frequency signal of the small signal through an operational amplifier, and inputting the amplified frequency signal into an analog comparator; the duty ratio of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is adjusted through a Micro Control Unit (MCU), the duty ratio is input into the input end of an analog comparator, the output end of the analog comparator is connected into the input end of the MCU, and the MCU judges whether the analog comparator is turned over (the turning of the analog comparator means that the input value of the analog comparator is 0, the output value of the analog comparator is 1, the turning is performed, and if the output value is still 0, the turning is not performed); if the analog comparator is turned over, recording the PWM frequency value at the turning moment of the analog comparator; if the analog comparator does not turn over, the MCU continuously adjusts the PWM duty ratio from small to large until the analog comparator turns over, and simultaneously records the PWM frequency value at the turning moment of the analog comparator.
Then, according to a mapping relation established between the PWM frequency value and the voltage value of the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor, the voltage value of the small signal output by the original SF6 gas sensor can be restored by searching an SF6 gas sensor manual (the concentration value of the SF6 gas corresponding to a plurality of voltage values of the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor is recorded in the manual of the industry); carrying out digital filtering on the small signal to eliminate the interference of the surrounding environment and an electromagnetic field when the small signal of the SF6 gas sensor is output; finally, the SF6 gas concentration was reduced by comparison with the SF6 gas sensor manual.
In summary, the signal processing system and the signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor of the invention have obvious advantages compared with the signal processing of the traditional SF6 gas sensor. The signal processing of the traditional SF6 gas sensor adopts the method that an operational amplifier is connected and then an ADC chip is added, so that a small signal is converted into a digital signal for processing. However, the small signal of the sensor has a relatively large drift in the path through the operational amplifier due to the influence of ambient temperature, humidity, and the like. In addition, the small signal itself is easily interfered by noise, and the ADC chip is easily affected by quantization noise of the ADC chip itself when the ADC chip performs processing for converting an analog signal into a digital signal. If a high-precision ADC is selected, the hardware cost of the system is increased. Meanwhile, when the PCB hardware board card is manufactured, the layout and wiring of the electronic components can affect the noise influence brought by the small signal AD acquisition data.
Therefore, the signal processing system and the signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor do not adopt the traditional analog-to-digital conversion ADC chip, but utilize the SF6 gas sensor to firstly carry out frequency conversion on small signals output when detecting SF6 gases with different concentrations, then access an operational amplifier and a comparator and finally send the small signals into an MCU to realize analog-to-digital conversion. Because the original small signal is subjected to frequency conversion, in the subsequent operational amplification process, the environmental temperature, the humidity and the like only influence the amplitude change of the signal and do not influence the frequency of the small signal. The signal processing method provided by the invention changes the traditional small-signal voltage metering mode into the frequency metering mode, so that the product has better consistency, higher measurement precision and higher resolution. Meanwhile, the size of the sensor is reduced, the cost of the sensor is reduced, and the sensitivity of the sensor is improved.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A signal processing system for an SF6 gas sensor, comprising:
an SF6 gas sensor for outputting a small signal;
a frequency converter connected to the SF6 gas sensor, the frequency converter converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor from a voltage signal to a frequency signal;
an operational amplifier connected to the frequency converter, the operational amplifier being configured to amplify the frequency signal converted by the frequency converter;
an analog comparator connected to the operational amplifier, wherein the frequency signal amplified by the operational amplifier is input to the analog comparator; and
the MCU adjusts the duty ratio of PWM, inputs the duty ratio into the input end of the analog comparator, accesses the output end of the analog comparator into the input end of the MCU, and judges whether the analog comparator is turned over or not;
and if the analog comparator overturns, recording the PWM frequency value at the overturning moment of the analog comparator.
2. The signal processing system of an SF6 gas sensor of claim 1, wherein the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU are disposed on a hardware board.
3. The signal processing system of an SF6 gas sensor of claim 2, wherein the hardware board comprises a power-on device for powering on the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU and completing a hardware configuration to stabilize the operation of the SF6 gas sensor.
4. A signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor, which performs signal processing using the signal processing system according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing method comprises the steps of:
converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor into a voltage signal and a frequency signal through a frequency converter;
amplifying the frequency signal of the small signal, and inputting the amplified frequency signal into an analog comparator;
the duty ratio of PWM is adjusted through an MCU, the duty ratio is input into the input end of the analog comparator, the output end of the analog comparator is connected into the input end of the MCU, and the MCU judges whether the analog comparator is turned over or not; and
and if the analog comparator is turned, recording the PWM frequency value at the turning moment of the analog comparator.
5. The signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:
restoring the voltage value of the small signal of the original SF6 gas sensor by searching and calibrating an SF6 gas sensor manual according to the mapping relation established by the frequency value of the PWM and the voltage value of the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor; and
comparing the SF6 gas sensor manual, the SF6 gas concentration is reduced.
6. The signal processing method of an SF6 gas sensor of claim 4, further comprising: if the analog comparator is not turned over, the MCU continuously adjusts the PWM duty ratio from small to large until the analog comparator is turned over, and the PWM frequency value at the turning moment of the analog comparator is recorded.
7. The signal processing method of the SF6 gas sensor of claim 6, wherein before the step of converting the small signal output by the SF6 gas sensor into a frequency model by a frequency converter, the method further comprises the steps of: and electrifying the frequency converter, the operational amplifier, the analog comparator and the MCU which are arranged on the hardware single board to complete hardware configuration until the SF6 gas sensor works stably.
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