CN110411401B - Device, method and system for measuring liquid fixed contact angle - Google Patents
Device, method and system for measuring liquid fixed contact angle Download PDFInfo
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- CN110411401B CN110411401B CN201810403302.1A CN201810403302A CN110411401B CN 110411401 B CN110411401 B CN 110411401B CN 201810403302 A CN201810403302 A CN 201810403302A CN 110411401 B CN110411401 B CN 110411401B
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 189
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 70
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/22—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
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Abstract
The invention provides a device, a method and a system for measuring a liquid fixed antenna, wherein the device, the method and the system comprise the following steps: the device comprises a pressure control and measurement system, a container for bearing test liquid, a to-be-tested piece with a hole, an observation system and a calculation device; the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with the container for bearing the test liquid through a conduit; the piece to be tested having the hole is placed above the container carrying the test liquid. The invention relates to a device, a method and a system for measuring a liquid fixed contact angle.A pressure control and measurement system device is connected with a container for bearing test liquid through a guide pipe, a solid material test piece to be measured with a hole is placed above the container for bearing the test liquid, a vacuole can be accurately formed on the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured, the pressure when the vacuole is broken or the stable form can not be maintained is accurately recorded, the liquid fixed contact angle is calculated through the obtained pressure value, and the problem that the contact angle is difficult to accurately measure by the traditional contact angle measurement method is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring a liquid-solid contact angle, which can be used for preparing and detecting various hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, in particular to a device, a method and a system for measuring a liquid-solid contact angle.
Background
Contact angle (contact angle) is the angle θ at which a tangent to the gas-liquid interface at the intersection of the gas, liquid and solid phases passes through the boundary between the liquid and the solid-liquid interface, and is a measure of the degree of wetting.
The most common and accurate contact angle measurement method in the prior art is mainly based on a direct measurement method, namely, liquid drops are directly dripped on the surface of a solid sample, an outline image of the liquid drops is obtained through a microscope and a camera, and then the contact angle of the liquid drops in the image is calculated by applying digital image processing and some algorithms.
The traditional contact angle measurement method usually needs to fit a normal line of a contact part of a liquid drop and a solid surface, however, the contact angle is very sensitive to factors such as roughness and cleanliness of the solid surface, and it is very difficult to accurately fit the normal line of a liquid level, especially in a liquid drop appearance image given by a camera, the accurate position of the contact point of the liquid drop and the solid surface is difficult to determine, and the accuracy degree of the measured contact angle usually depends on a fitting error, so that the error of the contact angle measured by the traditional method is usually large. In addition, when the droplet size requires high accuracy, it is obvious that the conventional contact angle measurement method is difficult to measure the contact angle between the droplet and the solid surface, which requires low accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the traditional contact angle measuring method is difficult to measure the contact angle which requires small accuracy, the invention provides a measuring device of a liquid fixed contact angle, which comprises: the device comprises a pressure control and measurement system, a container for bearing test liquid, a to-be-tested piece with a hole, an observation system and a calculation device;
the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with the container for bearing the test liquid;
the piece to be tested with the hole is placed above the container for bearing the test liquid;
the observation system device and the to-be-tested part are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are used for observing the form of the vacuole when the vacuole changes and recording the pressure intensity of the vacuole when the vacuole changes;
and the calculating device is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle according to the recorded pressure intensity and the radius of the hole in the test piece to be tested.
Preferably, the test piece to be tested having a hole includes:
a first test piece and/or a second test piece;
the first piece to be tested is used for testing a liquid-solid contact angle when lyophilic is carried out;
the second test piece to be tested is used for testing the liquid-solid contact angle in lyophilic or lyophobic.
Preferably, the first test piece or the second test piece is placed above the container for carrying the test liquid and sealed.
Preferably, the container for bearing the test liquid is a water pool;
the aperture of the hole is located above the container opening.
Preferably, the device further comprises a catheter; the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with a container carrying test liquid through the conduit.
A method of measuring a liquid solid antenna, the method comprising:
extruding the liquid to be tested in a container bearing the test liquid from a hole on the surface of the test piece to be tested to form a vacuole;
recording the pressure intensity when the vacuole form is changed;
and calculating to obtain the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested according to the pressure intensity and the radius of the surface hole of the test piece to be tested.
Preferably, before the liquid bubble is formed, the method further comprises the step of judging the intimacy and the phobicity of the to-be-tested piece and the to-be-tested liquid;
when the to-be-tested piece shows lyophilic to the to-be-tested liquid, testing by adopting a first to-be-tested piece or a second to-be-tested piece;
when the liquid to be tested is lyophobic to the test piece, a second test piece to be tested is adopted for testing;
and the thickness of the first piece to be tested is smaller than that of the second piece to be tested.
Preferably, the recording of the pressure at which the vacuolar morphology changes comprises:
and when the to-be-tested piece is lyophilic, pressurizing the pressure control and measurement system connected with the container for bearing the test liquid until the to-be-tested liquid in the container for bearing the test liquid under the first to-be-tested piece or the second to-be-tested piece is extruded out of the pore canal of the first to-be-tested piece or the second to-be-tested piece to form a vacuole to be broken, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment.
Preferably, the recording of the pressure at which the vacuolar morphology changes comprises:
and when the piece to be tested shows lyophobic performance, pressurizing the pressure control and measurement system connected through the container for bearing the test liquid until the liquid to be tested in the container for bearing the test liquid under the second piece to be tested is pressed into the channel of the second piece to be tested, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment.
Preferably, the obtaining of the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece according to the pressure and the radius of the surface hole of the test piece by calculation includes:
and (3) substituting the pressure value recorded when the tested piece is expressed as lyophilic into the following formula to calculate the liquid-solid contact angle:
wherein, thetac: is the contact angle, P, between the liquid to be tested and the surface of the first or second test pieceburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a: is the radius of the micropores.
Preferably, the calculating the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested according to the pressure and the radius of the hole on the surface of the test piece to be tested further comprises:
the pressure value recorded when the tested piece is expressed as lyophobic is substituted into the following formula to calculate the liquid-solid contact angle:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be tested and the surface of a second test piece to be tested is determined; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during the balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel.
Preferably, the surface tension of the liquid to be measured is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface of the liquid to be measured, the delta P' can be delta POr PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
A system for measuring a liquid solid antenna, comprising:
extruding the module: the liquid to be tested is used for extruding the liquid to be tested in the container bearing the test liquid from the hole on the surface of the piece to be tested to form a vacuole;
a recording module: for recording the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes;
a calculation module: and the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested is obtained through calculation according to the pressure and the radius of the surface hole in the test piece to be tested.
Preferably, the system further comprises a judging module: the method is used for judging hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the piece to be tested in advance.
Preferably, the extrusion module includes: the first pressurizing unit and the second pressurizing unit;
the first pressurizing unit is used for lyophilic and pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the container for bearing the test liquid until the liquid to be tested in the container for bearing the test liquid under the test piece to be tested is extruded out of a vacuole formed by a pore channel of the test piece to be tested and is about to break, and the pressure value at the moment is recorded;
the second pressurizing unit is used for lyophobic and is used for pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the container for bearing the test liquid until the to-be-tested liquid in the container for bearing the test liquid under the to-be-tested piece is pressed into the channel of the to-be-tested piece, the pressurizing is stopped, and the pressure value at the moment is recorded.
Preferably, the calculation module comprises a lyophilic calculation unit and a lyophobic calculation unit;
the lyophilic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the tested piece expressed as lyophilic according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: is composed ofThe contact angle, P, between the liquid to be tested and the surface of the first or second test pieceburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a: is the radius of the micropores;
the lyophobic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the piece to be tested when the piece to be tested shows lyophobic:
the liquid-solid contact angle of the test piece to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be tested and the surface of a second test piece to be tested is determined; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel.
Preferably, the calculating module further includes a surface tension calculating unit, configured to calculate the surface tension of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface of the liquid to be measured, the delta P' can be delta P or PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
Compared with the closest prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a device, a method and a system for measuring a liquid fixed contact angle.A pressure control and measurement system device is used for placing a to-be-tested piece with a hole above a container for bearing test liquid in a mode of being connected with the container for bearing the test liquid, then placing an observation system device and the to-be-tested piece on the same horizontal plane for observing the form when a vacuole changes and recording the pressure when the vacuole changes.
2. The invention relates to a device, a method and a system for measuring a liquid fixed contact angle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid-solid contact angle measuring apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the equilibrium state of the force applied when the liquid to be measured is extruded out of the micro-holes;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a liquid-solid contact angle measurement system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a liquid to be tested being forced into a channel;
the device comprises a pressure control and measurement system 1, a guide pipe 2, a water tank 3, a solid material test piece 4 to be measured and an observation system 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
For better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following better explains a device, a method and a system for measuring liquid fixed contact angle by specific embodiments, wherein test objects are a solid material test piece to be measured and liquid to be measured respectively, and the test aims at measuring the contact angle of the liquid to be measured on the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured;
example 1
As shown in fig. 1: a schematic diagram of a measuring device for a liquid-solid contact angle comprises a pressure control and measurement system, a guide pipe, a water tank, a solid material test piece to be measured with a hole, an observation system and a calculation device, and also comprises the guide pipe, wherein the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with the water tank through the guide pipe, the solid material test piece to be measured with the hole is placed above the water tank, liquid to be measured is filled in the water tank and the guide pipe, the observation system device and the solid material test piece to be measured are placed on the same horizontal plane and used for observing the form of the liquid bubble when the liquid bubble changes and recording the pressure when the liquid bubble changes, and the calculation device is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle according to the recorded pressure and the radius of the hole in the solid material test piece to be measured;
the solid material test piece to be measured having a hole includes: the device comprises a solid material test piece 1 to be tested and a solid material test piece 2 to be tested, wherein the thickness of the test piece 1 is smaller than that of the test piece 2; the test piece 1 is used for testing the liquid-solid contact angle during lyophilic, the test piece 2 is used for testing the liquid-solid contact angle during lyophilic and/or lyophobic, and the thicknesses of the test piece 1 and the test piece 2 are determined by materials;
the surfaces of the test piece 1 and the test piece 2 are drilled and a channel is covered above a water pool and sealed, and because the thickness of the test piece 2 is larger than that of the test piece 1, a channel is drilled.
1 is a pressure control and measurement system, 2 is a guide pipe, 3 is a water tank, 4 is a solid material test piece to be measured, and 5 is an observation system;
the upper part of the water pool 3 is open, the water pool 3 is filled with liquid to be measured, the two ends of the guide pipe 2 are both open, one end of the guide pipe is connected with the water pool, and the other end of the guide pipe is connected with the pressure control and measurement system 1. Processing the solid 4 to be detected into a plate, drilling holes on the surface of the solid 4, covering the solid material test piece plate 4 to be detected on a water tank, and sealing the water tank well, so that the liquid to be detected can only flow out of micropores drilled on the surface of the solid material test piece plate 4 to be detected.
During measurement, the pressure control and measurement system 1 starts to pressurize (for example, a gas cylinder is used for pressurizing), and records the current pressure value in real time, and the precision of the pressure control and measurement system is high enough to ensure the accuracy of the contact angle measurement. Along with the continuous pressurization of the pressure control and measurement system 1, the pressure in the water tank 3 is increased, and the liquid to be measured is extruded out of the micropores on the surface 4 of the solid material test piece to be measured.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stress equilibrium state when the liquid to be measured is extruded out of the micropores of the solid material to be measured, when the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface is zero, the free liquid surface is a plane, and along with the increase of the pressure in the water tank, a pressure difference Δ P exists between two sides of the free liquid surface, and due to the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, the extruded liquid to be measured forms spherical bubbles at the micropores, and can be obtained according to the Young-Laplace equation and the equilibrium relationship of forces:
wherein gamma is the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a is the radius of the micropores, and thetacIs the included angle between the normal line of the joint of the vacuole and the micropore and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured. Along with the continuous pressurization of the pressure control and measurement system 1, the pressure difference delta P of two sides of the free liquid level of the vacuole is continuously increased, and the included angle theta between the vacuole and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measuredcAnd also increases. Observing the form of the vacuole extruded out of the micropore through the observation system 5, and when the vacuole is broken or the stable form of the vacuole cannot be maintained, determining the included angle between the instantaneously corresponding vacuole and the surface of the solid material test piece to be tested as the contact angle thetacThe instantaneous corresponding pressure, called the breaking pressure P of the vacuoleburst. At the moment of vacuole rupture, the equilibrium state still exists, namely:
therefore, the pressure of rupture P of the vacuole can be determinedburstAnd calculating the contact angle of the liquid to be measured on the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured by the surface tension gamma of the liquid to be measured and the radius a of the micropores.
The method is only suitable for the condition that the surface of the solid material test piece to be tested shows lyophilic (the contact angle is less than 90 degrees) relative to the liquid to be tested. When the solid material test piece to be measured shows lyophobic performance (the contact angle is larger than 90 degrees) relative to the liquid to be measured, the solid material test piece to be measured needs to be slightly changed. At this time, the solid material test piece 4 to be measured should be processed into a thicker test piece, and a hole is drilled on the solid material test piece to be measured, so that a channel with a radius of a is actually drilled on the solid material test piece to be measured due to the thicker solid material test piece to be measured. The measurement method is different from lyophilic solid, when the solid material test piece to be measured shows lyophobic property relative to the liquid to be measured, the liquid to be measured cannot be pressed into the channel initially along with the increase of pressure, only when the pressure (or the pressure difference at two sides of the free liquid level) is increased to a certain degree, the liquid to be measured can be pressed into the channel, and the pressure difference is a constant and cannot be changed along with the height change of the liquid level in the channel. According to the Young-Laplace equation, an equilibrium relation exists at the free liquid level in the channel:
wherein gamma is the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a is the radius of the channel, and thetacI.e. the contact angle. Therefore, for the lyophobic solid material test piece to be tested, the contact angle can still be calculated by measuring the pressure difference at two sides of the free liquid level and the radius of the channel.
The measurement of the radius of the micropore or the channel belongs to the field of length measurement, and the measurement precision is higher. The measurement accuracy of the pressure intensity mainly depends on the accuracy of pressure control, namely a measurement system, and can reach higher accuracy currently, so that a more accurate contact angle result can be obtained as long as the surface tension of the liquid to be measured is known. Compared with the traditional measuring method, the method disclosed by the invention has greater advantages when the measuring scale is small, and when the size of the liquid drop reaches the micro-nano order or the size of the micropore reaches the micro-nano order, the traditional measuring method is difficult to accurately fit the shape of the liquid drop liquid surface and the normal line at the contact point. The method provided by the invention avoids fitting a curve or a curve normal, only needs to measure the pressure and the micropore size, and has higher precision (the existing literature indicates that a Young-Laplace equation is still established under the nanoscale, and the surface tension of the liquid has no scale effect);
in addition, when the surface tension of the liquid to be measured is unknown, the method can also be used for measuring the surface tension of the liquid to be measured. As shown in FIG. 2, the vacuole outside the microwell is in a steady stateAccording to the Young-Laplace equation:
wherein, the delta P is the pressure difference of two sides of the free liquid level of the vacuole, the gamma is the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, and the R is the curvature radius of the vacuole. Therefore, the surface tension of the liquid to be measured can be calculated by only utilizing the observation system 5 to shoot the shape of the vacuole and fitting the curvature radius R of the vacuole. The simpler method is to select the existing contact angle measuring instrument directly for the observation system 5, and although the contact angle measuring instrument has a certain error in fitting to the normal of the curve, the fitting accuracy for the curvature radius of the curve is relatively high.
Example 2:
the pressure control and measurement system device extrudes liquid to be measured in the water tank and the guide pipe from a hole in the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured to form a vacuole, when the observation system device records that the form of the vacuole is changed, the pressure control and measurement system device records the pressure in the current state, and the contact angle of the liquid to be measured on the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured is obtained through manual calculation according to the pressure and the radius of the hole in the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured.
When the solid to be detected shows lyophilic to the liquid to be detected: testing a solid material test piece 1 to be tested or a solid material test piece 2 to be tested; when the solid material test piece to be tested shows lyophobic performance to the liquid to be tested, the solid material test piece 2 to be tested is adopted for testing; the thickness of the solid material test piece 1 to be tested is smaller than that of the solid material test piece 2 to be tested.
When the to-be-tested piece shows lyophilic, pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the water pool through a guide pipe until the to-be-tested liquid in the water pool below the to-be-tested solid material test piece is extruded out of a pore channel of the to-be-tested solid material test piece to form a liquid bubble to be broken, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment; the liquid-solid contact angle was calculated by the following formula:
wherein, thetac: is the contact angle, P, between the liquid to be measured and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measuredburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a: is the radius of the micropores;
when the piece to be tested is lyophobic, pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the water pool through a guide pipe until liquid to be tested in the water pool sealed under the solid is pressed into a channel of the solid material test piece to be tested, stopping pressurizing, recording the pressure value at the moment, and calculating a liquid-solid contact angle according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be measured and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured is the contact angle; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during the balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel;
the surface tension calculation formula of the liquid to be measured is as follows:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface of the liquid to be measured, the delta P' can be delta P or PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
Example 3:
the device comprises a pressure control and measurement system 1, a guide pipe 2, a water tank 3, a solid material test piece 4 to be measured and an observation system 5;
the pressure control and measurement system 1 includes a pressure device (e.g., a gas cylinder pressure device) and a pressure sensor, which have high precision to ensure that a more accurate contact angle result is obtained.
The two ends of the conduit 2 are open, one end of the conduit is connected with the water pool 3, the other end of the conduit is connected with the pressurizing device 1, and the connection ensures better air tightness. The material of the catheter cannot be elastic material (such as rubber), but glass, plastic and other materials which are not easy to deform are selected.
The top of the water tank 3 is open (without a cover), and the water tank is made of glass, plastic and other materials which are not easy to deform.
And drilling a hole on the solid material test piece 4 to be tested, covering the solid material test piece 4 to be tested on the water tank 3 during testing, and sealing the contact part of the solid material test piece 4 and the water tank so that the liquid to be tested can only flow out of the micropores of the solid material test piece 4 to be tested.
The vision system 5 should include a high precision camera and a computer, allowing images taken by the camera to be transferred to the computer for processing. Or a simpler method is that the observation system 5 directly selects a conventional contact angle measuring instrument.
The specific implementation process of the measuring method comprises the following steps: referring to fig. 4, the pool 3 and the conduit 2 are filled with the liquid to be measured, the solid material test piece 4 to be measured with the drilled micropores is covered above the pool 3, and the contact part between the solid material test piece 4 to be measured and the pool 3 is sealed, so that the liquid to be measured in the pool 3 can only flow out of the micropores on the surface of the solid material test piece 4 to be measured. The other end of the conduit 2 is connected with the pressure control and measurement system 1, the pressurization system 1 is controlled to apply pressure, and the liquid to be measured is extruded out of micropores on the surface of the solid material test piece 4 to be measured (when the solid material test piece to be measured presents lyophilic property relative to the liquid to be measured, namely, the contact angle is smaller than 90 degrees) or the liquid to be measured is pressed into a channel in the solid material test piece 4 to be measured (when the solid material test piece to be measured presents lyophobic property relative to the liquid to be measured, namely, the contact angle is larger than 90 degrees).
When the solid material test piece to be tested presents lyophilic properties relative to the liquid to be tested, according to a Young-Laplace equation and a force balance condition, the following can be obtained:
wherein, delta P is the pressure difference of two sides of the free liquid level of the vacuole, gamma is the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a is the radius of the micropore, and thetacIs the contact part of the vacuole and the microporeAnd the included angle between the normal line and the surface of the solid material test piece to be tested. Observing the form of the vacuole in real time by the observation system 5 in the pressurizing process, recording the pressure when the vacuole is broken or cannot maintain the stable form, paying attention to the fact that the pressure value is not necessarily the pressure difference of two sides of the vacuole, and subtracting the pressure value to ensure that the free liquid level is parallel to the surface of the solid material test piece 4 to be measured (or theta is required to be subtractedc0) is measured. Recording the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid level at the moment of bubble rupture as PburstThen the equilibrium equation still exists at the instant of vacuole collapse:
When the solid material test piece to be tested presents lyophobic property relative to the liquid to be tested, the pressure recorded by the pressure measuring system 1 is continuously increased before the liquid to be tested is pressed into the channel, after the liquid to be tested is pressed into the channel, the pressure recorded by the pressure measuring system 1 forms a platform section, and the pressure corresponding to the platform section is the pressure difference of two sides of the free liquid level in the channel. According to the Young-Laplace equation, a balance relation exists at the free liquid level in the channel:
wherein gamma is the surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a is the radius of the channel, and thetacI.e. the contact angle. Therefore, for the lyophobic solid material test piece to be tested, the contact angle can still be calculated by measuring the pressure difference at two sides of the free liquid level and the radius of the channel.
Example 4:
the invention also comprises a system for measuring the liquid solid contact angle, as shown in fig. 3:
the method comprises the following steps: a judging module: carrying out hydrophilic and hydrophobic judgment on a solid material test piece to be detected in advance;
extruding the module: the device is used for the pressure control and measurement system to extrude the liquid to be measured in the water tank and the guide pipe from the hole on the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured so as to form vacuole;
a recording module: the pressure control and measurement system device is used for recording the pressure in the current state when the observation system device records the change of the vacuole form;
a calculation module: and calculating the liquid-solid contact angle according to the pressure intensity and the radius of the hole in the solid material test piece to be tested.
The extrusion module comprises a first pressurizing unit and a second pressurizing unit;
the first pressurizing unit is used for lyophilic and pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the water tank through a guide pipe, until liquid to be tested in the water tank below the solid to be tested is extruded out of a vacuole formed by a pore channel of the solid material test piece to be tested and is about to break, the pressurizing is stopped, and the pressure value at the moment is recorded;
and the second pressurizing unit is used for draining liquid and pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the water tank through a guide pipe until the liquid to be measured in the water tank below the solid material test piece to be measured is pressed into a channel of the solid material test piece to be measured, stopping pressurizing and recording the pressure value at the moment.
The calculation module comprises a lyophilic calculation unit and a lyophobic calculation unit;
the lyophilic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the tested piece expressed as lyophilic according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: is the contact angle, P, between the liquid to be measured and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measuredburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: for the liquid to be measuredSurface tension, a: is the radius of the micropores;
the lyophobic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the piece to be tested and the surface tension of the liquid to be tested when the piece to be tested is lyophobic:
the liquid-solid contact angle of the test piece to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be measured and the surface of the solid material test piece to be measured is the contact angle; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during the balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel;
the calculation module further comprises a to-be-measured liquid tension calculation unit for calculating the tension by the following formula:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface of the liquid to be measured, the delta P' can be delta P or PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the claims of the present invention which are filed as the application.
Claims (11)
1. A measuring device for a liquid fixed antenna, comprising: the device comprises a pressure control and measurement system, a container for bearing test liquid, a to-be-tested piece with a hole, an observation system and a calculation device;
the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with the container for bearing the test liquid;
the piece to be tested with the hole is placed above the container for bearing the test liquid;
the observation system device and the to-be-tested part are arranged on the same horizontal plane and are used for observing the form of the vacuole when the vacuole changes and recording the pressure intensity of the vacuole when the vacuole changes;
the calculating device is used for calculating a liquid-solid contact angle according to the recorded pressure intensity and the radius of the hole in the test piece to be tested;
the test piece to be tested having a hole includes:
a first test piece and/or a second test piece;
the first piece to be tested is used for testing the liquid-solid contact angle when lyophilic;
the second test piece to be tested is used for testing the liquid-solid contact angle in lyophilic or lyophobic;
the thickness of the first piece to be tested is smaller than that of the second piece to be tested;
the recording of the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes comprises:
when the to-be-tested piece shows lyophilic, pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected through a bearing test liquid container until the to-be-tested liquid in the first to-be-tested piece or the second to-be-tested piece bearing test liquid container is extruded out of a first to-be-tested piece or a second to-be-tested piece pore channel to form a to-be-broken vacuole, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment;
the recording of the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes comprises:
and when the piece to be tested shows lyophobic performance, pressurizing the pressure control and measurement system connected through the container for bearing the test liquid until the liquid to be tested in the container for bearing the test liquid under the second piece to be tested is pressed into the channel of the second piece to be tested, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment.
2. The apparatus for measuring liquid solid antenna of claim 1, wherein the first or second test piece is placed above a container for holding a test liquid and sealed.
3. The device for measuring liquid solid antenna of claim 1,
the container for bearing the test liquid is a water tank;
the aperture of the hole is located above the container opening.
4. The apparatus for measuring liquid solid antenna of claim 1, wherein; also includes a catheter; the pressure control and measurement system device is connected with a container carrying test liquid through the conduit.
5. A method of measuring a liquid solid antenna, the method comprising:
extruding the liquid to be tested in a container bearing the test liquid from a hole on the surface of the test piece to be tested to form a vacuole;
recording the pressure intensity when the vacuole form is changed;
calculating to obtain a contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested according to the pressure intensity and the radius of the surface hole of the test piece to be tested;
extruding the liquid to be tested in the liquid bearing test container from the hole on the surface of the test piece to be tested, and before forming the vacuole, carrying out paternity judgment on the test piece to be tested and the liquid to be tested;
when the to-be-tested piece shows lyophilic to the to-be-tested liquid, testing by adopting a first to-be-tested piece or a second to-be-tested piece;
when the liquid to be tested is lyophobic to the test piece, a second test piece to be tested is adopted for testing;
the thickness of the first piece to be tested is smaller than that of the second piece to be tested;
the recording of the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes comprises:
when the to-be-tested piece shows lyophilic, pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected through a bearing test liquid container until the to-be-tested liquid in the first to-be-tested piece or the second to-be-tested piece bearing test liquid container is extruded out of a first to-be-tested piece or a second to-be-tested piece pore channel to form a to-be-broken vacuole, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment;
the recording of the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes comprises:
and when the piece to be tested shows lyophobic performance, pressurizing the pressure control and measurement system connected through the container for bearing the test liquid until the liquid to be tested in the container for bearing the test liquid under the second piece to be tested is pressed into the channel of the second piece to be tested, stopping pressurizing, and recording the pressure value at the moment.
6. The method for measuring the liquid solid contact angle of claim 5, wherein the step of calculating the contact angle of the liquid to be measured on the surface of the test piece according to the pressure and the radius of the hole on the surface of the test piece comprises the following steps:
and (3) substituting the pressure value recorded when the tested piece is expressed as lyophilic into the following formula to calculate the liquid-solid contact angle:
wherein, thetac: is the contact angle, P, between the liquid to be tested and the surface of the first or second test pieceburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a: is the radius of the micropores.
7. The method for measuring the liquid solid contact angle of claim 5, wherein the step of calculating the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested according to the pressure and the radius of the hole on the surface of the test piece further comprises the following steps:
the pressure value recorded when the tested piece is expressed as lyophobic is substituted into the following formula to calculate the liquid-solid contact angle:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be tested and the surface of a second test piece to be tested is determined; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during the balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel.
8. The method for measuring a liquid solid antenna according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the surface tension of the liquid to be measured is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid surface of the liquid to be measured, the delta P' can be delta P or PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
9. A system for measuring a liquid fixed antenna, comprising:
extruding the module: the liquid to be tested is used for extruding the liquid to be tested in the container bearing the test liquid from the hole on the surface of the piece to be tested to form a vacuole;
a recording module: for recording the pressure at which the vacuole morphology changes;
a calculation module: the contact angle of the liquid to be tested on the surface of the test piece to be tested is obtained through calculation according to the pressure and the radius of the surface hole in the test piece to be tested;
the system further comprises a judging module: the device is used for judging hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of a piece to be tested in advance;
the extrusion module includes: the first pressurizing unit and the second pressurizing unit;
the first pressurizing unit is used for lyophilic and pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected through a bearing test liquid container until the liquid to be tested in the bearing test liquid container under the to-be-tested piece is extruded out of a vacuole formed by a pore canal of the to-be-tested piece to be broken, stopping pressurizing and recording the pressure value at the moment;
the second pressurizing unit is used for lyophobic and is used for pressurizing a pressure control and measurement system connected with the container for bearing the test liquid until the to-be-tested liquid in the container for bearing the test liquid under the to-be-tested piece is pressed into the channel of the to-be-tested piece, the pressurizing is stopped, and the pressure value at the moment is recorded.
10. The system for measuring a liquid solid antenna of claim 9, wherein the calculation module comprises a lyophilic calculation unit and a lyophobic calculation unit;
the lyophilic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the tested piece expressed as lyophilic according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: is the contact angle, P, between the liquid to be tested and the surface of the first or second test pieceburst: the collapse pressure of the vacuole, γ: surface tension of the liquid to be measured, a: is the radius of the micropores;
the lyophobic calculation unit is used for calculating the liquid-solid contact angle of the piece to be tested when the piece to be tested shows lyophobic:
the liquid-solid contact angle of the test piece to be tested is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein, thetac: the contact angle between the liquid to be tested and the surface of a second test piece to be tested is determined; Δ P: the pressure difference between the two sides during the balance; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; a: is the radius of the channel.
11. The system for measuring liquid solid antenna of claim 9, wherein the calculating module further comprises a surface tension calculating unit for calculating the surface tension of the liquid to be measured according to the following formula:
wherein, Δ P': for the pressure difference between two sides of the free liquid level of the liquid to be measured, the pressure delta P' can be delta P or PburstRepresents; γ: the surface tension of the liquid to be measured; r: is the radius of curvature of the vacuole.
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| CN101762251B (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2012-05-30 | 大连工业大学 | Method and apparatus for measuring aperture of filter material |
| CN102269539B (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-12-12 | 上海理工大学 | Control method and device for dropwise condensation heat-transferring property of super-hydrophobic surface |
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| CN104048913A (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2014-09-17 | 国家电网公司 | Method for judging ageing degree of RTV (Room Temperature Vulcanization) materials |
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