CN110410111B - Method for treating unstable collapse cavity at top of tunnel - Google Patents
Method for treating unstable collapse cavity at top of tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110410111B CN110410111B CN201910686758.8A CN201910686758A CN110410111B CN 110410111 B CN110410111 B CN 110410111B CN 201910686758 A CN201910686758 A CN 201910686758A CN 110410111 B CN110410111 B CN 110410111B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating an unstable collapse cavity at the top of a tunnel, relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and solves the technical problem of providing a method for treating an unstable collapse cavity, which has the advantages of simple technology, strong operability, safety, rapidness, low manufacturing cost and practicability. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel comprises the following steps: s1 preparing a support rod for later use; s2, processing the collapsed hole slag to form a position for mounting a steel support; s3, two steel supports are arranged at two ends of the cavity; s4 constructing and installing a plurality of support rods between two steel supports; s5, placing a backing plate above the supporting rod; s6, the supporting rod and the steel support are fixedly connected; s7 backfill grouting: and S8 discharging slag. The method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel adopts a supporting method of combining steel supports and supporting rods, so that the unstable collapse at the top of the tunnel can be quickly and safely treated, the further collapse at the top of the tunnel is avoided, and the safety of constructors is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a treatment method which can be adopted when the top of a tunnel is empty due to the fact that surrounding rocks are unstable and collapse occurs before supporting after slag is discharged from the excavation of a weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section.
Background
After the soft and weak broken surrounding rock tunnel section is excavated and slag is discharged, if surrounding rocks are unstable, collapse can occur and the top of the tunnel is hollow. The current treatment measures for the working condition comprise the following methods: firstly, constructing an advanced anchor rod or an advanced small guide pipe at the cavity part, hanging a net above the advanced anchor rod or the advanced small guide pipe, spraying concrete after a grouting hole is reserved, and grouting into the cavity after the concrete reaches a certain strength. And secondly, supporting under the cavity as usual, observing the surrounding rock condition at any time, encrypting the steel support, hanging a net, reserving a grouting hole, spraying concrete, and grouting into the cavity after the concrete reaches certain strength.
The first treatment method needs to drill a hole on the weak surrounding rock, then construct an advanced anchor rod or an advanced small conduit, the tunnel face is supported by the surrounding rock completely, the construction needs to go deep into the surrounding rock for a certain length, the difficulty is high, and the cost is high; meanwhile, the construction causes interference to an unstable cavity, the construction time is long, and the risk of continuous collapse exists. The second treatment method needs to encrypt steel supports, so that the cost is increased, the construction time is long, and constructors construct under an unstable cavity, so that great potential safety hazards exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for treating an unstable collapse cavity, which has the advantages of simple technology, strong operability, safety, rapidness, low manufacturing cost and practicality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a supporting rod for later use;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in step S1, a small guide pipe is selected, concrete is poured into the small guide pipe, and the support rod is manufactured after the concrete is finally set.
More specifically: in step S1, the small guide pipe is made of a seamless steel pipe with the length of 4.5 meters, the pipe body of the small guide pipe is not provided with a hole, and the front end of the small guide pipe is conical; the maximum aggregate particle size of the concrete poured into the small guide pipe is not more than 1/4 of the inner diameter of the small guide pipe, the small guide pipe is erected on vibration equipment to vibrate in the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated to be dense, and the concrete is stockpiled for later use after final setting.
S2, treating collapsed hole slag: investigating the amount of cave slag formed by collapse; according to the amount of the hole slag, cleaning the hole slag at two ends of the cavity to obtain a position for mounting the steel support, or hammering the hole slag to form a position for mounting the steel support;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, if the slag tapping condition is met, the position for installing the steel support is cleaned through a slag raking machine; otherwise, hammering the hole slag to be compact by the slag raking machine to form a position for installing the steel support.
S3, steel support supporting construction: two steel supports are arranged at two ends of the cavity;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S3, supporting rod mounting holes are formed in the steel support at intervals of 30-40 cm, and the diameter of each supporting rod mounting hole is 2cm larger than that of each supporting rod; the steel support comprises a top arch part and a side wall part, wherein the top arch part and the side wall part are respectively conveyed into the tunnel, then the assembly operation is carried out on the supported safe tunnel section close to the cavity part, and the steel support is moved to the corresponding position after the assembly operation is finished.
S4, mounting a support rod: a plurality of support rods are constructed and installed between the two steel supports;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in step S4, two workers cooperate to install the support bar at the outer side of the steel support far from the end of the tunnel face, one worker is responsible for placing the support bar, and the other worker puts the other end of the support bar into the support bar installation hole of the steel support through the lifting tool.
S5, placing a backing plate above the supporting rod: after the supporting rod is installed, a base plate is installed and fixed above the supporting rod, wherein a grouting hole is reserved in the base plate before installation;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in the step S5, the backing plate is a wood plate, the thickness of the wood plate is 1cm, and grouting holes are reserved in the wood plate; the backing plate is fixed on steel shotcrete and bracing piece through the iron wire.
S6, the supporting rod and the steel support are fixedly connected;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: in step S6, the two ends of the support rod are fixedly connected to the steel support, and at the same time, the connecting ribs are constructed and the net is hung on the side wall, and then the concrete is sprayed on the side wall.
S7, backfilling and grouting: grouting into the cavity through the grouting holes, wherein the grouting is divided into at least two times, and the subsequent grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength;
specifically, the method comprises the following steps: and in the step S7, grouting twice, wherein the thickness of the first grouting is 30-40 cm, the second grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength, and the residual cavity is backfilled with sand after the total grouting thickness reaches 1 m.
S8, deslagging: and after backfilling and grouting, carrying out slag tapping work and reinforcing the steel support.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel adopts a supporting method of combining steel supports with supporting rods, can quickly and safely treat the unstable collapse at the top of the tunnel, avoids further collapse at the top of the tunnel, ensures the safety of constructors, and has the following advantages: firstly, the construction process is simple, the operability is strong, the method is practical and effective, and the method is particularly suitable for the treatment that the cavity appears at the top of the tunnel due to the fact that unstable surrounding rock collapses before supporting after the soft and broken surrounding rock tunnel sections are excavated and slag is discharged. Secondly, the cost is low, the construction difficulty is low, and the engineering investment is saved. Thirdly, the construction is rapid, and unstable surrounding rocks are prevented from further collapsing; meanwhile, the exposure work of constructors under the cavity is avoided, and the potential safety hazard is greatly reduced.
The support rod is made of a small conduit filled with concrete, the small conduit is easy to obtain, the concrete enhances the bending resistance of the small conduit, and the bearing capacity of the supporting structure is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention for treating an unstable collapse cavity at the top of a tunnel.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the combined supporting rods for supporting steel in the method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel.
Reference numerals of fig. 2: a support rod 1 and a steel support 2.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the support rod 1 for later use.
Referring to fig. 2, the support rod 1 is used to be installed on a steel support 2 and then support an unstable collapse cavity at the top of a tunnel, so that the support rod 1 should meet the strength requirement and the limitation of construction conditions. For example, a small conduit is selected for the support rod 1, concrete is poured into the small conduit, and the support rod 1 is manufactured after the concrete is finally set. Considering that present little pipe specification length is mostly 9m, for convenient construction and avoid causing the waste because of length is improper, can cut apart into two sections backs with every little pipe, carry out the construction of pouring concrete again, wait to cut the good little pipe of pouring concrete of according to actual conditions when needing in the future. The small guide pipe is made of a seamless steel pipe, a pipe body is not provided with a flower hole, and the front end of the small guide pipe is processed into a cone shape, so that concrete is prevented from leaking, and the support rod 1 is convenient to mount on the steel support 2; and then pouring concrete which is prepared according to a certain proportion into the small guide pipe, wherein the maximum particle size of concrete aggregate is not more than 1/4 of the inner diameter of the small guide pipe, the small guide pipe can be erected on vibration equipment to vibrate in the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated to be compact, and the concrete is stockpiled in a material piling field after the concrete is finally solidified.
S2, treating collapsed hole slag: investigating the amount of cave slag formed by collapse; according to the amount of the hole slag, the hole slag is cleaned at the two ends of the cavity to obtain the position for installing the steel support 2, or the hole slag is hammered to be compact to form the position for installing the steel support 2.
In order to rapidly process the collapse cavity, on the premise of investigating the hole slag amount, if a slag discharging condition is met, namely the slag discharging time of the collapse hole slag is short and the possibility of further collapse in the slag discharging process is low, the operation of a construction machine is not influenced, the hole slag is cleaned by a slag removing machine to obtain the position of the steel support 2, namely the position of the side wall part of the steel support 2, and the slag discharging operation is carried out when the following step S8 is carried out. Otherwise, the hole slag is hammered and compacted by a slag raking machine, then the steel support 2 is directly erected on the hole slag, and the steel support 2 is reinforced when the following step S8 is performed.
S3, supporting construction of the steel support 2: two steel supports 2 are arranged at two ends of the cavity.
For weak broken surrounding rocks, blasting parameters and excavation footage are strictly controlled, the excavation footage is generally controlled within 1m, so that the length of the cavity along the axial direction of the hole is basically 1.0-1.5 m, and concrete is backfilled in the cavity, namely the concrete obtained by grouting in the step S7 is arched and has a certain bearing capacity, so that the supporting rod 1 and the steel support 2 do not bear upper load completely.
Based on the stress analysis, two I16 steel supports 2 are arranged at two ends of the cavity to ensure stable structure. The distance between the steel supports 2 is determined by calculation or experience according to the design, but the length of the support rod 1 is required to be slightly larger than the distance between the two steel supports 2. The steel shotcrete 2 need set up the bracing piece mounting hole at an interval of 30 ~ 40cm in manufacturing process, and the diameter of bracing piece mounting hole is 2cm more than the diameter of bracing piece 1 to the installation of bracing piece 1 is convenient for. The steel support 2 comprises a top arch part and a side wall part, wherein in the construction process, the top arch part and the side wall part are respectively conveyed into the tunnel, then the assembly operation is carried out on the safe tunnel section which is close to the cavity and is supported, and the steel support is moved to the corresponding position through mechanical equipment after the assembly operation is finished.
S4, mounting the supporting rod 1: a plurality of support rods 1 are constructed and installed between two steel supports 2.
In keeping away from the 2 outsides of steel shotcrete of face one end, safe hole section relatively promptly, by two construction workman cooperation erection bracing pole 1, one of them is responsible for laying bracing piece 1, and another person puts into the bracing piece mounting hole of steel shotcrete 2 through lifting the instrument with the other end of bracing piece 1.
S5, placing a backing plate above the supporting rod 1: after the supporting rod 1 is installed, a base plate is installed above the supporting rod 1 and is fixed, the base plate is used for preventing hole slag from falling from a gap between the supporting rods 1, and grouting holes are reserved in the base plate before installation. For example, the backing plate is a wood plate, the thickness of the wood plate is 1cm, grouting holes are reserved in the wood plate, and the backing plate is fixed on the steel support 2 and the support rod 1 through iron wires.
And S6, the support rod 1 and the steel support 2 are fixedly connected.
After the base plate is arranged, the cavity below is relatively safe, and at the moment, the constructors are arranged to fixedly connect the support rod 1 and the steel support 2 to form an integral mechanism, so that the structural stability is ensured. When the support rod 1 is a small conduit for pouring concrete, the support rod 1 and the steel support 2 can be welded and connected. Meanwhile, connecting ribs are constructed at the side wall part, a net is hung, then concrete is sprayed on the side wall part, the side wall part is well connected with a backing plate, and slurry leakage is prevented when the step S7 is used for backfilling and grouting.
S7, backfilling and grouting: and grouting into the cavity through the grouting holes, wherein in order to ensure the stability of the supporting structure, the grouting is divided into at least two times, and the subsequent grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength. In consideration of economy, grouting is carried out twice, the thickness of the first grouting is 30-40 cm, the second grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength, and after the total thickness of the grouting reaches 1m, sand can be refilled in the rest cavities so as to save cost.
S8, deslagging: and after backfilling and grouting, carrying out slag discharging work and reinforcing the steel support 2 on the hole slag body.
Claims (9)
1. The method for processing the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing the supporting rod (1) for later use;
s2, treating collapsed hole slag: investigating the amount of cave slag formed by collapse; according to the amount of the hole slag, the hole slag is cleaned at the two ends of the cavity to obtain the position for mounting the steel support (2), or the hole slag is hammered and compacted to form the position for mounting the steel support (2);
s3, supporting construction of the steel support (2): two steel supports (2) are arranged at two ends of the cavity;
s4, mounting the supporting rod (1): a plurality of support rods (1) are constructed and installed between the two steel supports (2);
s5, placing a backing plate above the supporting rod (1): after the supporting rod (1) is installed, a base plate is installed and fixed above the supporting rod (1), wherein a grouting hole is reserved in the base plate before installation;
s6, the support rod (1) and the steel support (2) are fixedly connected;
s7, backfilling and grouting: grouting into the cavity through the grouting holes, wherein the grouting is divided into at least two times, and the subsequent grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength;
s8, deslagging: and after backfilling and grouting, carrying out slag tapping work and reinforcing the steel support (2).
2. The method of treating unstable collapse cavities at the top of a tunnel of claim 1, wherein: in step S1, a small guide pipe is selected, concrete is poured into the small guide pipe, and the support rod (1) is manufactured after the concrete is finally set.
3. A method of treating an unstable collapse cavity at the top of a tunnel according to claim 2, wherein: in step S1, the small guide pipe is made of a seamless steel pipe with the length of 4.5 meters, the pipe body of the small guide pipe is not provided with a hole, and the front end of the small guide pipe is conical; the maximum aggregate particle size of the concrete poured into the small guide pipe is not more than 1/4 of the inner diameter of the small guide pipe, the small guide pipe is erected on vibration equipment to vibrate in the pouring process, the concrete is vibrated to be dense, and the concrete is stockpiled for later use after final setting.
4. The method of treating unstable collapse cavities at the top of a tunnel of claim 1, wherein: in the step S2, if the slag tapping condition is met, the position of the steel support (2) is cleaned out through a slag raking machine; otherwise, the hole slag is hammered and compacted by the slag raking machine to form the position for installing the steel support (2).
5. The method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step S3, supporting rod mounting holes are formed in the steel support (2) at intervals of 30-40 cm, and the diameter of each supporting rod mounting hole is 2cm larger than that of the supporting rod (1); the steel support (2) comprises a top arch part and a side wall part, wherein the top arch part and the side wall part are respectively conveyed into the tunnel, then the assembly operation is carried out on the safe tunnel section which is close to the cavity and is supported, and the steel support is moved to the corresponding position after the assembly operation is finished.
6. The method of treating unstable collapse cavities at the top of a tunnel of claim 5, wherein: in the step S4, two workers are used for installing the supporting rod (1) in a matched mode at the outer side of the steel support (2) far away from one end of the tunnel face, one worker is responsible for placing the supporting rod (1), and the other worker places the other end of the supporting rod (1) into a supporting rod installing hole of the steel support (2) through a lifting tool.
7. The method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step S5, the backing plate is a wood plate, the thickness of the wood plate is 1cm, and grouting holes are reserved in the wood plate; the base plate is fixed on the steel support (2) and the support rod (1) through iron wires.
8. The method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: in the step S6, the two ends of the support rod (1) are fixedly connected with the steel support (2), meanwhile, connecting ribs are constructed at the side wall part, a net is hung, and then concrete is sprayed on the side wall part.
9. The method for treating the unstable collapse cavity at the top of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: and in the step S7, grouting twice, wherein the thickness of the first grouting is 30-40 cm, the second grouting is carried out after the previous grouting reaches certain strength, and the residual cavity is backfilled with sand after the total grouting thickness reaches 1 m.
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| CN201910686758.8A CN110410111B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Method for treating unstable collapse cavity at top of tunnel |
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| CN201910686758.8A CN110410111B (en) | 2019-07-29 | 2019-07-29 | Method for treating unstable collapse cavity at top of tunnel |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999028595A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-10 | Nagatomo, Shigeki | Whale skeleton construction method for tunnel having large section |
| KR101251240B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2013-04-08 | 서동현 | Method of grouting by double packer in pre-stressed tunnel |
| CN203321531U (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-12-04 | 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 | Lining processing structure for underground cavern after collapse of top arch |
| CN204283441U (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse cavity backfill auxiliary structure |
| CN104989434A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | 山东科技大学 | Method for treating landslide of tunneling working face with pipe penetration combined lagging jacks |
-
2019
- 2019-07-29 CN CN201910686758.8A patent/CN110410111B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1999028595A1 (en) * | 1997-11-28 | 1999-06-10 | Nagatomo, Shigeki | Whale skeleton construction method for tunnel having large section |
| KR101251240B1 (en) * | 2010-08-09 | 2013-04-08 | 서동현 | Method of grouting by double packer in pre-stressed tunnel |
| CN203321531U (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-12-04 | 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 | Lining processing structure for underground cavern after collapse of top arch |
| CN204283441U (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel collapse cavity backfill auxiliary structure |
| CN104989434A (en) * | 2015-07-17 | 2015-10-21 | 山东科技大学 | Method for treating landslide of tunneling working face with pipe penetration combined lagging jacks |
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| CN110410111A (en) | 2019-11-05 |
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