CN110408792A - The method of electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel - Google Patents
The method of electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN110408792A CN110408792A CN201910666451.1A CN201910666451A CN110408792A CN 110408792 A CN110408792 A CN 110408792A CN 201910666451 A CN201910666451 A CN 201910666451A CN 110408792 A CN110408792 A CN 110408792A
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- nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel, and using electroslag consutrode made of target steel grade, electroslag remelting whole process uses nitrogen protection, nitrogen flow MPSee formula (I)；MP=0.4Q1/3W7/3[H2+(R/W)2H1] (I)；In formula: MPNitrogen mass flow, kg/h；Q-slag bath heat radiation, J；W-protective cover diameter, m；H1- nitrogen inlet is away from slag liquid face depth displacement, m；H2- import and export of nitrogen depth displacement, m；R-crystallizer diameter, m.Nitrogen flow and technological parameter, device parameter are clearly functional relation by this method, according to functional relation, can quickly determine that speed is added in nitrogen in esr process, are guaranteed that the ingredient of nitrogen in electroslag ingot casting is qualified, are promoted the qualification rate and quality of ingot casting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high nitrogen steel electro-slag re-melting method, especially a kind of side of electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel
Method.
Background technique
Nitrogen is alloying element important in steel, can significantly improve intensity, toughness, corrosion resistance and wearability of steel etc..20
Beginning of the century finds the mechanical property that can improve low-alloy steel when N content is 0.015% in steel.It then finds again, nitrogen can substitute
Nickel carrys out stable austenite, while can also strengthen austenite, and the development of martensite containing nitrogen stainless steel is promoted with this.20th century six or seven
The ten's, and successfully having developed with high-intensitive, high corrosion-resistant nitrogen bearing duplex stainless steel, N content up to 0.2%~0.6%, until
This, nitrogen is widely used in steel as important alloying element.
Under atmospheric conditions, smelt nitrogen content greater than 0.6% steel difficulty it is larger, such steel generally use high pressure metallurgy or
The method of powder metallurgy obtains, and with the development of pressurization induction furnace, Pressurized ESR, highest can smelt nitrogen content up to 1.2%
Steel, but the equipment safety hidden danger for being pressurized induction furnace and high pressure electroslag furnace is larger, so such technique is still ground in laboratory at present
The stage is studied carefully, without industrialization promotion on a large scale.
Traditional difficult point using nitrogen protection atmosphere electroslag furnace smelting high-nitrogen steel not can guarantee nitrogen in electroslag ingot casting
Recovery rate, the slight fluctuations of nitrogen partial pressure can all cause the increase and decrease of nitrogen in steel when protective atmosphere is controlled using pressure, practice have shown that, it is micro-
Positive pressure smelts the recovery rate being difficult to ensure when N content is greater than 0.3% in steel.Protective atmosphere will guarantee nitrogen when using flow control
Muzzle velocity (flow) is in particular range, the boundary layer oxygen uptake that speed too big (i.e. air inflow is big) can be 0 in exit velocity,
Speed is too small, is difficult to exclude clean environment oxygenation into atmosphere, to cause the loss of nitrogen.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of atmosphere electroslag remelting high nitrogens of energy effective protection nitrogen recovery rate
The method of steel.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is: certainly using electroslag made of target steel grade
Power pole, electroslag remelting whole process use nitrogen protection, nitrogen flow MPSee formula (I)；
MP=0.4Q1/3W7/3[H2+(R/W)2H1] (I)
In formula:
MPNitrogen flow, kg/h；
Q-slag bath heat radiation, J；
W-protective cover diameter, m；
H1- nitrogen inlet is away from slag liquid face depth displacement, m；
H2- import and export of nitrogen depth displacement, m；
R-crystallizer diameter, m.
The molten speed of the electrode of esr process of the present invention is 4.5~5kg/min.
Esr process of the present invention is started using solid slag, and slag system is pre-melted slag.
Core of the invention thought is the control of nitrogen atmosphere in esr process, is guarantee fund in Electroslag Process
The nitrogen content of category is stablized, and atmosphere is transmitted into atmosphere to slag, slag to slag, slag to molten steel transmitting nitrogen and steel and should be at dynamic equilibrium,
Atmosphere is to slag, slag Xiang Gangchuan nitrogen (it is assumed that positive reaction): N2→2N,2N→2[N]；Steel to slag, slag to atmosphere pass nitrogen (it is assumed that
Negative reaction): 2 [N]+3O2-→2N3-+3[O]、2N3-+3O→2N+3O2-、2N→N2、2O→O2, wherein N2、O2For gaseous nitrogen atmosphere
And oxygen, N, O are nomadic nitrogen, the oxygen dissolved in slag, O2-、N3-For the oxygen and nitrogen of slag intermediate ion state, [O], [N] are priceless in steel
State free oxygen and nitrogen.It it can be concluded that need to strengthen positive reaction, need to only guarantee the nitrogen supply in atmosphere, and need to strengthen negative reaction, remove
It need to increase except the oxygen in steel and in atmosphere, the nitrogen in reduction atmosphere also be needed, so to guarantee the balance or suspension of positive negative reaction
(N, O ideally, which is transmitted, to be stopped), it is necessary to keep the nitrogen of certain content in atmosphere, the atmosphere oxygen and molten steel of certain content
Oxygen.In practical operation, although the oxygen and molten steel oxygen in atmosphere play a role during transmitting nitrogen, oxygen is shown as in steel
And the harmful element being clear to, need its content more lower better.
After nitrogen is passed through, increase denitrogenation influences in terms of by temperature and atmosphere nitrogen two, temperature limited in input power UI, therefore nitrogen stream
The value of amount charges to the first dimension UI.The influence of atmosphere nitrogen is divided to two aspects, first is that can be added thermogenetic heat right by slag bath heat radiation
Stream movement, flue gas has certain temperature when being discharged at this time, carries out in order to not influence steady, the balance of reflow process, certain content
Nitrogen not only to guarantee nitrogen pick-up, denitrogenation positive negative reaction balance, also need guarantee slag bath radiant heat energy balance, formed nitrogen
Temperature gradient stable from the bottom to top in atmosphere.Slag bath heat radiation Q is generally the 5% of input power UI, thus take nitrogen heat absorption be
The 5% of input power；After forming equilibrium system, atmosphere nitrogen is the function of protective cover diameter W, therefore nitrogen endothermic value is represented by QW,
Using this determine QW as nitrogen mass flow (because volume flow is related with temperature, pressure, first simplifies and take mass flow,
Subsequent transformation is volume flow) second dimension.Third dimension is related with device parameter, by demonstration, nitrogen mass stream
Measure it is also related with equipment atmosphere volume, i.e., and nitrogen inlet away from slag liquid identity distance from H1, inlet and outlet distance H2, crystallizer diameter R,
Protective cover diameter W is related, therefore is represented by aW2[H2+(R/W)2H1], a is dimensionless coefficient；So the mass flow of nitrogen can
To be write as: MP=a1(UI)l(QW)m{W2[H2+(R/W)2H1]}n, wherein a1, l, m, n be dimensionless coefficient；According to repeatedly real
It tests with orthodox regression it can be concluded that a1, l, m, n 0.4,0,1/3 and 1.In fact, Q is the function of UI, Q and UI is after simplifying
Equivalent, i.e. above formula is divided into two parts of technological parameter and device parameter, that is, nitrogen flow is both related with technological parameter,
Related with device parameter, this is also to match with theory analysis.
The beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are that the present invention is by nitrogen flow and technological parameter, equipment
Parameter is clearly functional relation, according to functional relation, can quickly determine that speed is added in nitrogen in esr process,
Guarantee that the ingredient of nitrogen in electroslag ingot casting is qualified, promotes the qualification rate and quality of ingot casting.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of electroslag refining furnace.
Specific embodiment
The method of this electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel is suitable for smelting target steel grades are as follows: C 0.05%~0.1%,
Mn 12%~14%, Cr 18%~21%, Mo 3%~4%, N 0.3%~0.8%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.010%, surplus be Fe and
Inevitable impurity.This method uses following techniques:
(1) prepared by electrode: target steel grade is smelted using 1t non-vacuum induction furnace, using pure iron as raw material, Mn, Mo, target steel
The phase is added the Cr of middle 70wt% with furnace after being melted down, it is melting down after further deoxidation, alloying to remove Cr to target component 80wt% and
Other compositions are closed entirely, with chromium nitride nitrogen pick-up to target component, adjust Cr content to target content, electrification tapping keeps the degree of superheat
60~100 DEG C, the electroslag consutrode of Φ 300*1800mm is poured into, is then welded to spare on auxiliary electrode.
(2) electroslag remelting: Φ 400*1300mm crystallizer electroslag is used, solid slag starting, slag system is pre-melted slag, ingredient are as follows:
CaF260%~65%, CaO 15%~17%, Al2O315%~20%, MgO 3%~5%, quantity of slag 50kg；Slugging phase 30min；Slugging
Phase voltage 25V~45V, electric current 3500A~6000A；Remelting phase molten 4.5~5kg/min of speed, voltage U are 45~51V, electric current I is
6000A~7500A；Smelting process adjusts electric current, voltage guarantees molten speed within the scope of 4.5~5kg/min.
(3) nitrogen protection: it is passed through nitrogen protection in entire esr process, until melting terminates, nitrogen flow is under
Formula (I), (II), (III) calculate and obtain:
MP=0.4Q1/3W7/3[H2+(R/W)2H1] (I)
V=MPT/(P0T0) (II)
Q=0.05UI (III)
In formula:
MP- nitrogen flow, kg/h；
V-nitrogen volume flow, m3/h；
Q-slag bath heat radiation, J；
W-protective cover diameter, m, referring to Fig. 1；
H1- nitrogen inlet is away from slag liquid face depth displacement, m, referring to Fig. 1；
H2- import and export of nitrogen depth displacement, m, referring to Fig. 1；
R-crystallizer diameter, m, referring to Fig. 1；
U-melting voltage, V；
I-melting electric current, A；
T-flue-gas temperature, K；
T0- environment temperature, K；
P0Density of nitrogen under-environment temperature, kg/m3。
Embodiment 1 and comparative example 1: the method for this electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel and conventional electroslag remelting high nitrogen steel
Method is as described below.
(1) equipment uses nominal capacity 1000kg electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas furnace, crystallizer specification Φ 400*1300mm, high nitrogen steel
Consutrode specification Φ 300*1800mm, chemical component are as follows: C 0.05%, Mn 12.2%, Cr 18.5%, Mo 3.5%, N
0.30%, P 0.012%, S 0.008%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.It is smelted using technique described above,
In, kept for 80 DEG C of the degree of superheat.
(2) this protective atmosphere and GPF (General Protection False atmosphere is respectively adopted in embodiment 1 and comparative example 1, carries out electroslag remelting process.
Slag system is pre-melted slag, ingredient are as follows: CaF2 60%、CaO 17%、Al2O320%, MgO 3%, quantity of slag 50kg；Slugging phase 30min；Change
Slag phase voltage 45V, electric current 6000A.
Environment temperature 298K, flue-gas temperature 305K are surveyed, density of nitrogen 1.25kg/m under environment temperature3, protective cover diameter
780mm, import and export of nitrogen height difference 480mm, nitrogen inlet and slag liquid face depth displacement with furnace run 1000~400mm it
Between.The design parameter of 1 remelting phase of embodiment 1 and comparative example is shown in Table 1.
Table 1: remelting period parameters
Calculating process by taking I stage as an example, in table 1 are as follows: Q=0.05UI=0.05*45*6000=13500J；MP=0.4Q1/3W7/3
[H2+(R/W)2H1]=0.4*135001/3*0.787/3[0.48+(0.4/0.78)2*1]=3.96kg/h；V=MPT/(P0T0)=
3.96*305/(1.25*298)=3.24m3/h。
(3) it smelts and finishes, the chemical component of 1 gained steel ingot of embodiment 1 and comparative example is detected.
1 gained steel ingot of comparative example: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.05%, Mn 12.3%, Cr 18.1%, Mo 3.5%, N 0.31%,
P 0.012%, S 0.004%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.05%, Mn 12.2%, Cr 18%, Mo 3.5%, N 0.35%, P 0.012%, S 0.004%；
Nitrogen content goes beyond the scope.
1 gained steel ingot of embodiment: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.05%, Mn 12.2%, Cr 18.5%, Mo 3.5%, N 0.31%,
P 0.013%, S 0.003%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.05%, Mn 12.1%, Cr 18.5%, Mo 3.5%, N 0.30%, P 0.014%, S
0.003%；It is qualified.
Embodiment 2 and comparative example 2: the method for this electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel and conventional electroslag remelting high nitrogen steel
Method is as described below.
(1) equipment uses 1000kg electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas furnace, crystallizer specification Φ 400*1300mm, high nitrogen steel consutrode
Specification Φ 300*1800mm, chemical component are C 0.10%, Mn 13.5%, Cr 20.0%, Mo 3.8%, N 0.80%, P
0.015%, S 0.006%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.It is smelted using technique described above, wherein kept
100 DEG C of temperature.
(2) this protective atmosphere and GPF (General Protection False atmosphere is respectively adopted in embodiment 2 and comparative example 2, carries out electroslag remelting process.
Slag system is pre-melted slag, ingredient are as follows: CaF2 65%、CaO 15%、Al2O315%, MgO 5%, quantity of slag 50kg；Slugging phase 30min；Change
Slag phase voltage 30V, electric current 3500A.
Environment temperature 288K surveys flue-gas temperature 300K, density of nitrogen 1.25Kg/m under environment temperature3, protective cover diameter
0.78m, import and export of nitrogen height difference 0.48m, nitrogen inlet and slag liquid face depth displacement with furnace run 1000~400mm it
Between.The design parameter of 2 remelting phase of embodiment 2 and comparative example is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: remelting period parameters
(3) it smelts and finishes, the chemical component of 2 gained steel ingot of embodiment 2 and comparative example is detected.
GPF (General Protection False atmosphere is smelted:
2 gained steel ingot of comparative example: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.11%, Mn 13.2%, Cr 20.2%, Mo 3.8%, N 0.81%, P
0.014%, S 0.003%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.10%, Mn 13.2%, Cr 20.0%, Mo 3.8%, N 0.84%, P 0.013%, S
0.003%；Nitrogen content goes beyond the scope.
2 gained steel ingot of embodiment: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.11%, Mn 13.1%, Cr 20.0%, Mo 3.8%, N 0.81%,
P 0.013%, S 0.003%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.10%, Mn 13.4%, Cr 20.1%, Mo 3.8%, N 0.79%, P 0.014%, S
0.002%；It is qualified.
Embodiment 3 and comparative example 3: the method for this electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel and conventional electroslag remelting high nitrogen steel
Method is as described below.
(1) equipment uses 1000kg electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas furnace, crystallizer specification Φ 400*1300mm, high nitrogen steel consutrode
Specification Φ 300*1800mm, chemical component are C 0.08%, Mn 12.0%, Cr 21.0%, Mo 3.2%, N 0.50%, P
0.010%, S 0.010%, surplus are Fe and inevitable impurity.It is smelted using technique described above, wherein kept
60 DEG C of temperature.
(2) this protective atmosphere and GPF (General Protection False atmosphere is respectively adopted in embodiment 3 and comparative example 3, carries out electroslag remelting process.
Slag system is pre-melted slag, ingredient are as follows: CaF2 62%、CaO 16%、Al2O318%, MgO 4%, quantity of slag 50kg；Slugging phase 30min；Change
Slag phase voltage 25V, electric current 5000A.
Environment temperature 292K surveys flue-gas temperature 304K, density of nitrogen 1.25Kg/m under environment temperature3, protective cover diameter
0.78m, import and export of nitrogen height difference 0.48m, nitrogen inlet and slag liquid face depth displacement with furnace run 1000~400mm it
Between.The design parameter of 3 remelting phase of embodiment 3 and comparative example is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: remelting period parameters
(3) it smelts and finishes, the chemical component of 3 gained steel ingot of embodiment 3 and comparative example is detected.
GPF (General Protection False atmosphere is smelted:
3 gained steel ingot of comparative example: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.09%, Mn 11.8%, Cr 21.3%, Mo 3.2%, N 0.51%, P
0.011%, S 0.010%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.08%, Mn 11.8%, Cr 21.2%, Mo 3.1%, N 0.56%, P 0.012%, S
0.010%；Nitrogen content goes beyond the scope.
3 gained steel ingot of embodiment: the steel ingot lower part A: C 0.08%, Mn 12.0%, Cr 21.0%, Mo 3.2%, N 0.50%,
P 0.009%, S 0.010%；It is qualified.
B, steel ingot top: C 0.08%, Mn 12.1%, Cr 21.0%, Mo 3.2%, N 0.51%, P 0.010%, S
0.010%；It is qualified.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel, it is characterised in that: using electroslag consumable made of target steel grade
Electrode, electroslag remelting whole process use nitrogen protection, nitrogen flow MPSee formula (I)；
MP=0.4Q1/3W7/3[H2+(R/W)2H1] (I)
In formula:
MPNitrogen flow, kg/h；
Q-slag bath heat radiation, J；
W-protective cover diameter, m；
H1- nitrogen inlet is away from slag liquid face depth displacement, m；
H2- import and export of nitrogen depth displacement, m；
R-crystallizer diameter, m.
2. the method for electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the electroslag remelting
The molten speed of the electrode of process is 4.5~5kg/min.
3. the method for electroslag furnace under protective Ar gas remelting high nitrogen steel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the electroslag
Reflow process is started using solid slag, and slag system is pre-melted slag.
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