CN110408224A - 一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法 - Google Patents

一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110408224A
CN110408224A CN201910531591.8A CN201910531591A CN110408224A CN 110408224 A CN110408224 A CN 110408224A CN 201910531591 A CN201910531591 A CN 201910531591A CN 110408224 A CN110408224 A CN 110408224A
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parts
wood
powder
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张继兵
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Anhui Huaishu Building Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法，属于木塑材料技术领域，包括农作物秸秆45‑60份，PVC树脂15‑25份，天然云母5‑10份，闭孔珍珠岩2‑8份，熔结环氧粉末10‑20份，磨砂粉5‑15份，防渗剂3‑10份，增塑剂4‑8份，发泡剂2‑6份，粘合剂3‑10份，辅助剂6‑10份，偶联剂3‑6份，农作物秸秆为小麦秸秆纤维和玉米秸秆纤维，天然云母为天然云母粉末，增塑剂为氯化石蜡，发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。本发明氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性，天然云母和熔结环氧粉末提高了木塑板的耐腐蚀和粘结性能，同时具有极好的抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长。

Description

一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种木塑板及其生产方法，特别是涉及一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法，属于木塑材料技术领域。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是国内外近年蓬勃兴起的一类新型复合材料，指利用聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚氯乙烯等，代替通常的树脂胶粘剂，与超过50％以上的木粉、稻壳、秸秆等废植物纤维混合成新的木质材料，再经挤压、模压、注射成型等塑料加工工艺，生产出的板材或型材。主要用于建材、家具、物流包装等行业。将塑料和木质粉料按一定比例混合后经热挤压成型的板材，称之为挤压木塑复合板材。随着对木塑复合材料的研发，生产木塑复合材料的塑料原料，除了有高密度聚乙烯或聚丙烯以外，还有聚氯乙烯和PS。工艺也由最早的单螺杆挤出机发展成第二代锥形双螺杆挤出机，再到由平行双螺杆挤出机初步造粒，再由锥形螺杆挤出成型，可以弥补难以塑化，抗老化性差、抗蠕变性差、色彩的一致性和持久性差和拉伸强度等。木塑复合板材是一种主要由木材为基础材料与热塑性高分子材料和加工助剂等，混合均匀后再经模具设备加热挤出成型而制成的高科技绿色环保新型装饰材料，兼有木材和塑料的性能与特征，是能替代木材和塑料的新型复合材料。
现有的木塑板防火性能差，用户使用不安全，安全性能低，同时耐老化和耐腐蚀性能低，使用寿命短，严重影响了木塑板的发展和使用。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是为了提供一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法，氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性，天然云母和熔结环氧粉末提高了木塑板的耐腐蚀和粘结性能，同时具有极好的抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长。
本发明的目的可以通过采用如下技术方案达到：
一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂、增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂和偶联剂，所述农作物秸秆为小麦秸秆纤维和玉米秸秆纤维，所述天然云母为天然云母粉末，所述增塑剂为氯化石蜡，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
优选的，所述小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆45-60份，PVC树脂15-25份，天然云母5-10份，闭孔珍珠岩2-8份，熔结环氧粉末10-20份，磨砂粉5-15份，防渗剂3-10份，增塑剂4-8份，发泡剂2-6份，粘合剂3-10份，辅助剂6-10份，偶联剂3-6份。
优选的，所述偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或铝钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种。
优选的，所述粘合剂为聚氨酯粘合剂。
优选的，所述辅助剂包括抗氧剂、稳定剂和润滑剂。
一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末；
步骤2：按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃；
步骤3：将步骤2中称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料；
步骤4：然后将步骤3所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体；
步骤5：然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
优选的，步骤4中，采用平行双螺杆挤出机熔融复合、单螺杆机或锥形双螺杆挤出机挤出的双阶机组一步法挤出成型，口模温度为160～195℃，模具末端通水冷却。
优选的，通过所述小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法制备的木塑板包括复合层、分别设置在所述复合层两侧的上防腐层和下防腐层，设置在最上层的防水防火层以及设置在最下层的磨砂层，所述复合层、所述上防腐层、所述下防腐层、所述防水防火层和所述磨砂层之间均通过粘合剂粘合连接。
优选的，所述复合层包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、偶联剂、粘合剂、熔结环氧粉末和发泡剂，所述上防腐层和所述下防腐层均包括天然云母、熔结环氧粉末和辅助剂，所述防水防火层包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、闭孔珍珠岩、偶联剂和增塑剂，所述磨砂层包括磨砂粉、辅助剂、粘合剂。
本发明的有益技术效果：
1、天然云母具有良好的弹性、韧性、绝缘性、耐高温、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、附着力强等特性，具有高渗透性，能够与其他原材料很好的粘结，同时具有极好的抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长，熔结环氧粉末具有粘结力强，耐腐蚀和耐温性能好，耐老化，提高木塑板的化学性能和耐腐蚀抗老化性能。
2、闭孔珍珠岩具有强度高，吸水率低，强度高、混合性好等、易分散等特点，保温性能好。
3、氯化石蜡作为增塑剂，并具有阻燃性，防火性能强，氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩联合使用，有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性。
附图说明
图1为按照本发明的小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的一优选实施例的木塑板的剖视图。
图中：1-复合层，2-上防腐层，3-下防腐层，4-防水防火层，5-磨砂层。
具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更加清楚和明确本发明的技术方案，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
本实施例提供的小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂、增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂和偶联剂，农作物秸秆为小麦秸秆纤维和玉米秸秆纤维，天然云母为天然云母粉末，增塑剂为氯化石蜡，发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺，小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆45-60份，PVC树脂15-25份，天然云母5-10份，闭孔珍珠岩2-8份，熔结环氧粉末10-20份，磨砂粉5-15份，防渗剂3-10份，增塑剂4-8份，发泡剂2-6份，粘合剂3-10份，辅助剂6-10份，偶联剂3-6份，小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法如下：
步骤1：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末；
步骤2：按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃；
步骤3：将步骤2中称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料；
步骤4：然后将步骤3所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体；
步骤5：然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
步骤4中，采用平行双螺杆挤出机熔融复合、单螺杆机或锥形双螺杆挤出机挤出的双阶机组一步法挤出成型，口模温度为160～195℃，模具末端通水冷却。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，通过小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法制备的木塑板包括复合层1、分别设置在复合层1两侧的上防腐层2和下防腐层3，设置在最上层的防水防火层4以及设置在最下层的磨砂层5，复合层1、上防腐层2、下防腐层3、防水防火层4和磨砂层5之间均通过粘合剂粘合连接。
在本实施例中，如图1所示，复合层1包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、偶联剂、粘合剂、熔结环氧粉末和发泡剂，上防腐层2和下防腐层3均包括天然云母、熔结环氧粉末和辅助剂，防水防火层4包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、闭孔珍珠岩、偶联剂和增塑剂，磨砂层5包括磨砂粉、辅助剂、粘合剂。
本发明中天然云母具有良好的弹性、韧性、绝缘性、耐高温、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、附着力强等特性，具有高渗透性，能够与其他原材料很好的粘结，同时具有极好的抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长，熔结环氧粉末具有粘结力强，耐腐蚀和耐温性能好，耐老化；闭孔珍珠岩具有强度高，吸水率低，强度高、混合性好等、易分散等特点，保温性能好，氯化石蜡作为增塑剂，并具有阻燃性，防火性能强，氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩联合使用，有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性。
实施例一：
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆50份，PVC树脂15份，天然云母5份，闭孔珍珠岩4份，熔结环氧粉末10份，磨砂粉5份，防渗剂4份，增塑剂5份，发泡剂3份，粘合剂5份，辅助剂6份，偶联剂3份。
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法如下：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末，按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃，称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉和防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料，然后将所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体，然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
本实施例按照正常组分制备木塑板，具有良好的耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、附着力强、抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长，同时具有阻燃性，防火性能强，氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩联合使用，有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性，有效提高了木塑板的结构强度。
实施例二：
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆55份，PVC树脂20份，天然云母8份，闭孔珍珠岩6份，熔结环氧粉末15份，磨砂粉10份，防渗剂8份，增塑剂6份，发泡剂5份，粘合剂8份，辅助剂8份，偶联剂5份。
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法如下：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末，按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃，称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉和防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料，然后将所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体，然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
本实施例通过对各组分重量份数进行调整，制备木塑板，有效提高了木塑板的防火抗老化能力，防渗剂的增加，能够进一步减少水的渗透，延长木塑板的使用寿命。
实施例三：
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆50份，PVC树脂23份，天然云母10份，闭孔珍珠岩8份，熔结环氧粉末20份，磨砂粉15份，防渗剂8份，增塑剂8份，发泡剂4份，粘合剂7份，辅助剂7份，偶联剂5份。
小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法如下：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末，按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃，称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉和防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料，然后将所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体，然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
本实施例中，通过调整各组分重量份数的比例，显著提高了木塑板的结构强度，各原料之间粘结效果更好，保温隔热效果进一步增强，同时提高了木塑板的耐磨性，保障木塑板的表面光滑，不易老化。
综上所述，按照本实施例的小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法，本实施例提供的小麦秸秆纤维木塑板及其生产方法，天然云母具有良好的弹性、韧性、绝缘性、耐高温、耐酸碱、耐腐蚀、附着力强等特性，具有高渗透性，能够与其他原材料很好的粘结，同时具有极好的抗热震性和耐老化性能，使用寿命长，熔结环氧粉末具有粘结力强，耐腐蚀和耐温性能好，耐老化；闭孔珍珠岩具有强度高，吸水率低，强度高、混合性好等、易分散等特点，保温性能好，氯化石蜡作为增塑剂，并具有阻燃性，防火性能强，氯化石蜡和闭孔珍珠岩联合使用，有效提高了木塑板的综合防火性能，提高木塑板的使用安全性。
以上所述，仅为本发明进一步的实施例，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明所公开的范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变，都属于本发名的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，其特征在于，包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂、增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂和偶联剂，所述农作物秸秆为小麦秸秆纤维和玉米秸秆纤维，所述天然云母为天然云母粉末，所述增塑剂为氯化石蜡，所述发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，其特征在于，小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的各组分重量份数如下：农作物秸秆45-60份，PVC树脂15-25份，天然云母5-10份，闭孔珍珠岩2-8份，熔结环氧粉末10-20份，磨砂粉5-15份，防渗剂3-10份，增塑剂4-8份，发泡剂2-6份，粘合剂3-10份，辅助剂6-10份，偶联剂3-6份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，其特征在于，偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂或铝钛酸酯偶联剂中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，其特征在于，粘合剂为聚氨酯粘合剂。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板，其特征在于，辅助剂包括抗氧剂、稳定剂和润滑剂。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
步骤1：将农作物秸秆晾干，然后使用粉碎机粉碎成颗粒或粉末备用，然后将闭孔珍珠岩研磨成粉末；
步骤2：按照各组分重量份数称取原料，将称取的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末置于热处理机中搅拌处理，直至农作物秸秆中的含水率为0.5-3％，控制原料的温度为105-185℃；
步骤3：将步骤2中称取经过热处理的农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末投入高速混合机中，加入偶联剂，搅拌均匀，使偶联剂充分包裹农作物秸秆颗粒或粉末，然后将称取的PVC树脂、天然云母、闭孔珍珠岩、熔结环氧粉末、磨砂粉、防渗剂置于高速混合机中，然后继续投入增塑剂、发泡剂、粘合剂、辅助剂，在温度80-115℃条件下混合5-10分钟，然后搅拌冷却至25-50℃，得到预混料；
步骤4：然后将步骤3所得的预混料置于温度为130-190℃、双螺杆转速为30-50r/min的螺杆挤出机中进行熔融复合即可得到木塑复合材料熔体；
步骤5：然后将木塑板成型模具放置在液压机底板上，将木塑复合材料熔体置入木塑板成型模具中，通过液压机的挤压将木塑复合材料挤压成预定的木塑板形状，然后冷却温度至20-35℃，取出木塑板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法，其特征在于，步骤4中，采用平行双螺杆挤出机熔融复合、单螺杆机或锥形双螺杆挤出机挤出的双阶机组一步法挤出成型，口模温度为160～195℃，模具末端通水冷却。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法，其特征在于，通过所述小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法制备的木塑板包括复合层(1)、分别设置在所述复合层(1)两侧的上防腐层(2)和下防腐层(3)，设置在最上层的防水防火层(4)以及设置在最下层的磨砂层(5)，所述复合层(1)、所述上防腐层(2)、所述下防腐层(3)、所述防水防火层(4)和所述磨砂层(5)之间均通过粘合剂粘合连接。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种小麦秸秆纤维木塑板的生产方法，其特征在于，所述复合层(1)包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、偶联剂、粘合剂、熔结环氧粉末和发泡剂，所述上防腐层(2)和所述下防腐层(3)均包括天然云母、熔结环氧粉末和辅助剂，所述防水防火层(4)包括农作物秸秆、PVC树脂、闭孔珍珠岩、偶联剂和增塑剂，所述磨砂层(5)包括磨砂粉、辅助剂、粘合剂。
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