CN110405326B - TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gap and welding method - Google Patents
TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gap and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110405326B CN110405326B CN201910777297.5A CN201910777297A CN110405326B CN 110405326 B CN110405326 B CN 110405326B CN 201910777297 A CN201910777297 A CN 201910777297A CN 110405326 B CN110405326 B CN 110405326B
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/08—Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
- B23K9/28—Supporting devices for electrodes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding Control (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
A TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gaps comprises a TIG welding gun, wherein an excitation device is fixedly connected to the TIG welding gun, and an excitation coil is connected with a direct current power supply and a direct current direction switching circuit. The welding method of the deep narrow gap comprises the following steps: a: a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gaps is adopted; b: selecting single-pass or multi-pass welding according to the width of the welding seam; c: starting the excitation device when single-pass welding is carried out; when multi-pass welding is adopted, alternating current or direct current is passed through the exciting coil in the welding involving the side wall base material, and when the welding involving no side wall base material in the middle is carried out, no current is passed through the exciting coil; d: when the welding is carried out at the tail end, the welding gun is firstly closed, and then the exciting power supply is disconnected. The invention solves the problem of sidewall unfused caused by unfused sidewall parent metal in deep narrow gap welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gap welding and a welding method, and belongs to the technical field of welding.
Background
In narrow gap welding using TIG welding guns, the lack of sidewall fusion is a difficult problem to solve because the welding gun is difficult to incline laterally during welding, i.e., the liquid filler metal cools directly on the solid base metal during welding, creating the defect that the weld metal and base metal do not melt and bond together. The defect belongs to interlayer unfused and is a surface defect. When the joint is under tensile stress, cracks are easily generated at the joint, the tensile limit is greatly reduced, the joint is broken, and when the joint is welded in a deep and narrow gap, the welding cannot be performed in multiple ways due to the limitation of the diameter of a welding gun, the width of the gap and the depth of the gap, the welding gun cannot be swung for welding, and the welding seam cannot be filled in a single way, even if the liquid filling metal is forcibly increased to fill the gap, the side wall is not fused due to insufficient heat provided by an electric arc, and even the defects such as incomplete welding, air holes, inclusions and the like are caused. When the joint bears tensile stress, the unfused defect is the origin of cracks, the mechanical property of the welded joint is seriously reduced, and great potential safety hazards exist.
In order to solve the problem, a plurality of methods are adopted by the technical personnel in the industry, 1, an inclined electrode is adopted, and the electrode is rotated in welding, so that the problem of unfused side wall can be solved to a certain extent, but a rotating mechanism is needed to be added, the structure is complex, and the adaptability to welding seams with different widths is poor; 2. two welding guns are adopted, and the strength of the welded steel is poor. In the current welding of narrow gap welds, even if the above technology is adopted to overcome the problem of sidewall unfused to a certain extent, because of the limitation of the welding gun structure, the depth of the weld capable of welding is 180mm at the maximum, so that for deeper welds (i.e. deep narrow gaps), any one of the above technology cannot be applied. A flat welding gun can realize deep and narrow gap welding, but the price is very expensive, the cheapest price is more than 200 ten thousand, the price is up to 5000 ten thousand yuan, and the flat welding gun is generally used for welding in occasions such as nuclear power. At present, in order to solve the problem of welding quality influenced by unfused side walls of deep and narrow gaps, a large and deep groove (such as in large-scale seal head manufacturing) needs to be formed in a plurality of deep and narrow gap welding scenes, so that the complex processing process, more consumable materials needing to be filled in the welding process, low welding efficiency and high cost are caused.
Magnetic control welding technology is a welding technology which is increasingly favored, namely, an externally applied magnetic field is adopted to regulate and control the welding process. The externally applied magnetic field can act on the welding arc and also can act on the welding pool. The arc shape can be changed, and the melting of the base metal and the weld joint forming can be influenced, so that the mechanical property of the weld joint is improved, the sensitivity of welding defects such as air holes, cracks and the like is reduced, and a high-quality weld joint is obtained. The external magnetic field can be divided into a longitudinal magnetic field, a transverse magnetic field and a sharp angle magnetic field according to the relation between the generated magnetic field line direction, the welding direction and the axial direction of the welding gun. However, the application of magnetic control welding in industry is not wide, mainly because the following defects exist in the research of magnetic control welding technology by welding workers traditionally:
(1) Focusing on theoretical research, it cannot be used for industrial welding. That is, the excitation device in question cannot be used in industry on a large scale because of size and position restrictions and the excitation device failing to form a linkage with the welding gun;
(2) During the transverse magnetic field study:
attention is paid to stable transverse magnetic field welding, and alternating transverse magnetic field research is ignored.
Focusing on the research of a transverse magnetic field with magnetic lines perpendicular to the axis of the electric arc and perpendicular to the welding direction, the exciting coils are positioned at the left side and the right side of the welding bead, and the equipment size is increased to reduce the feasibility of actual welding;
focusing on the application of a magnetic field to the molten pool liquid metal for changing the liquid metal flow regime to obtain a weld with dense structure, the method cannot solve the problem of sidewall unfused.
(3) In the research process of longitudinal magnetic field, the diameter of the electric arc is focused to be reduced, so that the energy density is increased, and the purpose of increasing the penetration is achieved. But this increase is not obvious and, secondly, does not solve the sidewall unfused problem.
(4) In the research process of sharp-angle magnetic fields, the aim is to simultaneously generate a longitudinal magnetic field and a transverse magnetic field by using a relatively complex magnetic generating device, increase the energy density of an arc column region, change a TIG welding arc into an ellipse, and weaken the compression effect of arc pressure on a molten pool. But this approach does not solve the sidewall unfused problem.
In short, magnetic control welding cannot be effectively and conveniently utilized in the actual welding process due to the complexity and size limitation of the excitation device, so innovation and improvement are required to increase the industrial application value of the magnetic control welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the problems in the prior deep and narrow gap welding and provides a TIG excitation welding gun and a welding method for the deep and narrow gap.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted: a TIG excitation welding gun for deep narrow clearance, including TIG welding gun, fixedly connected with excitation device on TIG welding gun, excitation device includes magnetic conduction stick and exciting coil, magnetic conduction stick fixed connection is on non-metal insulation board, fixed connection between non-metal insulation board and the welding gun, two magnetic head ends of magnetic conduction stick are located welder lower extreme tungsten pole front and back respectively, the place ahead indicates the welding direction, two magnetic heads of magnetic conduction stick are just to welder lower extreme tungsten pole, the winding has exciting coil on the magnetic conduction stick, exciting coil is connected with DC power supply and DC current direction switching circuit.
Further; the distance between the two magnetic head ends is more than or equal to 45mm.
Further; the tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun is arranged between the two magnetic heads.
The welding method for the deep and narrow gap adopts the TIG excitation welding gun for the deep and narrow gap, and comprises the following steps of:
a: a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gaps is adopted, the welding gun and an excitation device are started, excitation currents with different magnitudes are applied, and single-side swing amplitude values of an electric arc under different excitation currents are obtained;
b: selecting single-pass or multi-pass welding according to the width of the welding line, wherein when the width of the exciting welding gun is within 8mm of the width of the deep narrow gap, the exciting welding gun is positioned at the center of the deep narrow gap, single-pass welding is adopted, and when the width of the exciting welding gun is above 8mm of the width of the welding line, the exciting welding gun starts to weld from one side of the deep narrow gap, and multi-pass welding is adopted;
c: when single-pass welding is carried out, an excitation device is started, an excitation current direction adjusting and changing circuit enables the current direction in an excitation coil to be switched at a certain frequency, a transverse alternating magnetic field is generated between two magnetic heads, a TIG welding gun is started, the welding gun is made to advance along the welding direction, and an electric arc periodically swings in the width direction of a welding seam under the action of the alternating magnetic field in the advancing process; when a plurality of welding is adopted, alternating current or direct current is passed through an exciting coil in the welding involving a side wall base metal, when the welding involving no side wall base metal in the middle is carried out, no current is passed through the exciting coil, when the exciting current is required, proper direct current or alternating current is selected as exciting current according to the required arc swing amplitude, so that the single-side swing amplitude value of an electric arc after the magnetic field generated by the exciting current acts on the electric arc is larger than one half of the width of an exciting welding gun, and the swing electric arc can directly contact the side wall base metal, so that the side wall metal base metal can be effectively melted and can be effectively fused with molten metal in the middle of a welding line;
d: when the welding is carried out at the tail end, the welding gun is firstly closed, and then the exciting power supply is disconnected.
Further; and B, the single-side swing amplitude value of the electric arc in the step is half of the width of the exciting welding gun plus 2-5mm.
The invention has the positive and beneficial technical effects that: the welding gun and the welding method can generate an externally-applied alternating transverse magnetic field with magnetic force lines perpendicular to the axis of the electric arc and parallel to the welding direction. The alternating externally-applied transverse magnetic field can enable the TIG welding arc to swing periodically in the vertical and welding directions, and the swinging arc can act on the side wall periodically on the basis of melting weld filler metal to input enough heat for the side wall. Under the condition that enough heat is obtained from the side wall, the base metal is melted first, and under the action of the surface tension of the liquid metal, the melted liquid base metal and the liquid filling metal are fused together to form a welding line, so that the problem that the side wall is not fused due to unmelted base metal of the side wall in deep narrow gap welding is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a welding gun of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of the excitation device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of deflection during a cycle.
Detailed Description
Examples of embodiments of the present invention are provided for more fully explaining the practice of the present invention, and are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein each of the drawings is labeled: 1: a welding gun; 2: a ceramic plate; 3: a coil; 4: a magnetic conducting rod; 5: a wire feeding tube; 6: a direct current power supply; 7: a common switch; 8: a slide rheostat; 9: a double-control switch I; 10: and a second double-control switch.
In this application, deep narrow gaps refer in particular to gaps having a depth greater than 180mm, with weld widths typically ranging from 20mm to 40mm.
As shown in the drawing, a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gap comprises a TIG welding gun 1, a wire feeding pipe 5 is arranged on original equipment, an excitation device is fixedly connected to the TIG welding gun, the excitation device comprises a magnetic conduction rod 4, the magnetic conduction rod 4 is fixedly connected to a non-metal insulating plate, in the implementation, the non-metal insulating plate is a ceramic plate, the non-metal insulating plate is fixedly connected with the welding gun, two magnetic head ends of the magnetic conduction rod are respectively positioned in front of and behind a tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun, the tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun is positioned between the two magnetic heads, the front direction refers to the welding direction, the distance between the two magnetic head ends is greater than or equal to 45mm, the distance between the two magnetic head ends is equal to the air gap of the excitation device, as shown in L in fig. 1, the two magnetic heads of the magnetic conduction rod are opposite to the tungsten electrode of the welding gun, an excitation coil 3 is wound on the magnetic conduction rod, the excitation coil is connected with a power supply and a current direction adjusting and changing circuit, in the device, the current direction changing circuit is realized through a double-control switch I and a double-control switch II shown in 9 and 10 in fig. 2, the double-control switch II, the double-control switch is connected with a DC power supply and a DC rheostat and a DC current relay 2, and a DC current relay 2 is connected in series, and a solid state relay is used for controlling the two current ends to a DC current relay 2. During welding, two direct-current solid-state relay control current on-off frequency commands are input into the controller, and under the commands, the two direct-current solid-state relay control currents are switched off at a certain frequency, so that the output end currents (exciting currents) of the two direct-current solid-state relays are switched off at the frequency, and the aim of switching the exciting current direction is achieved. The automatic switching-on and switching-off of the solid state relay controlled by the controller is a common technology in the field, and under the action of the controller, the exciting current is switched in a certain frequency direction, so that the exciting coil generates a periodically-changed transverse magnetic field.
For the excitation device in the application, the following is a parameter selection table of the excitation coil and the magnetic conductive rod:
the magnetic conduction rod adopts a cylinder with the length of 6mm, and the total length is not smaller than 428.2mm. The width of the whole device designed by the design can be optimized to 16-18 mm, the welding can be performed in a deep narrow gap, the practical requirement is met, and the arc swinging can provide enough heat for the side wall of the deep narrow gap so as to solve the problem of unfused side wall during the deep narrow gap welding. The swing amplitude of the single side of the electric arc can reach 28mm, and the maximum swing electric arc action width can reach 56mm. The welding gun is suitable for deep and narrow gaps with the welding width of more than 20-40mm, the welding depth is not limited, the total cost of the welding gun is about ten thousand yuan, and the cost is greatly lower than that of a foreign flat welding gun.
The welding method for the deep and narrow gap adopts the TIG excitation welding gun for the deep and narrow gap, and comprises the following steps of:
a: a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gaps is adopted, the welding gun and an excitation device are started, excitation currents with different magnitudes are applied, and single-side swing amplitude values of an electric arc under different excitation currents are obtained;
b: selecting single-pass or multi-pass welding according to the width of the welding line, wherein when the width of the exciting welding gun is within 8mm of the width of the deep narrow gap, the exciting welding gun is positioned at the center of the deep narrow gap, single-pass welding is adopted, and when the width of the exciting welding gun is above 8mm of the width of the welding line, the exciting welding gun starts to weld from one side of the deep narrow gap, and multi-pass welding is adopted;
c: when single-pass welding is carried out, an excitation device is started, an excitation current direction adjusting and changing circuit enables the current direction in an excitation coil to be switched at a certain frequency, a transverse alternating magnetic field is generated between two magnetic heads, a TIG welding gun is started, the welding gun is made to advance along the welding direction, and an electric arc periodically swings in the width direction of a welding seam under the action of the alternating magnetic field in the advancing process; when a plurality of welding is adopted, alternating current or direct current is passed through an exciting coil in the welding involving a side wall base metal, when the welding involving no side wall base metal in the middle is carried out, no current is passed through the exciting coil, when the exciting current is required, proper direct current or alternating current is selected as exciting current according to the required arc swing amplitude, so that the single-side swing amplitude value of an electric arc after the magnetic field generated by the exciting current acts on the electric arc is larger than one half of the width of an exciting welding gun, and the swing electric arc can directly contact the side wall base metal, so that the side wall metal base metal can be effectively melted and can be effectively fused with molten metal in the middle of a welding line;
d: when the welding is carried out at the tail end, the welding gun is firstly closed, and then the exciting power supply is disconnected.
Having described embodiments of the present invention in detail, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims, and any simple, equivalent changes and modifications to the above examples are intended to be within the scope of the present invention and the invention is not limited to the embodiments as set forth in the specification.
Claims (2)
1. The welding method of the deep and narrow gap adopts a TIG excitation welding gun for the deep and narrow gap, and the TIG excitation welding gun for the deep and narrow gap comprises a TIG welding gun and is characterized in that: the TIG welding gun is fixedly connected with an excitation device, the excitation device comprises a magnetic conduction rod and an excitation coil, the magnetic conduction rod is fixedly connected to a non-metal insulating plate, the non-metal insulating plate is fixedly connected with the welding gun, two magnetic head ends of the magnetic conduction rod are respectively positioned in front of and behind a tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun, the front direction is a welding direction, two magnetic heads of the magnetic conduction rod are opposite to the tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun, the excitation coil is wound on the magnetic conduction rod, and the excitation coil is connected with a direct current power supply and a direct current direction switching circuit; the distance between the two magnetic head ends is more than or equal to 45mm; the tungsten electrode at the lower end of the welding gun is positioned between the two magnetic heads;
the welding method comprises the following steps:
a: a TIG excitation welding gun for deep and narrow gaps is adopted, the welding gun and an excitation device are started, excitation currents with different magnitudes are applied, and single-side swing amplitude values of an electric arc under different excitation currents are obtained;
b: selecting single-pass or multi-pass welding according to the width of the welding line, wherein when the width of the exciting welding gun is within 8mm of the width of the deep narrow gap, the exciting welding gun is positioned at the center of the deep narrow gap, single-pass welding is adopted, and when the width of the exciting welding gun is above 8mm of the width of the welding line, the exciting welding gun starts to weld from one side of the deep narrow gap, and multi-pass welding is adopted;
c: when single-pass welding is carried out, an excitation device is started, an excitation current direction adjusting and changing circuit enables the current direction in an excitation coil to be switched at a certain frequency, a transverse alternating magnetic field is generated between two magnetic heads, a TIG welding gun is started, the welding gun is made to advance along the welding direction, and an electric arc periodically swings in the width direction of a welding seam under the action of the alternating magnetic field in the advancing process; when a plurality of welding is adopted, alternating current or direct current is passed through an exciting coil in the welding involving a side wall base metal, when the welding involving no side wall base metal in the middle is carried out, no current is passed through the exciting coil, when the exciting current is required, proper direct current or alternating current is selected as exciting current according to the required arc swing amplitude, so that the single-side swing amplitude value of an electric arc after the magnetic field generated by the exciting current acts on the electric arc is larger than one half of the width of an exciting welding gun, and the swing electric arc can directly contact the side wall base metal, so that the side wall metal base metal can be effectively melted and can be effectively fused with molten metal in the middle of a welding line;
d: when the welding is carried out at the tail end, the welding gun is firstly closed, and then the exciting power supply is disconnected.
2. The deep narrow gap welding method according to claim 1, wherein: and B, the single-side swing amplitude value of the electric arc in the step is half of the width of the exciting welding gun plus 2-5mm.
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CN112935493A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 广东阳诚机械科技有限公司 | Magnetoelectric welding seam leveling controller |
CN113263246B (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-09-20 | 太原科技大学 | Magnetic control welding set based on alternating magnetic field |
CN114346373B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-04-25 | 湘潭大学 | Dual-mode special-shaped sharp-angle magnetic field magnetic control arc control method and device |
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