CN110401931A - A kind of network architecture and scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture - Google Patents
A kind of network architecture and scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture Download PDFInfo
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- CN110401931A CN110401931A CN201910783875.6A CN201910783875A CN110401931A CN 110401931 A CN110401931 A CN 110401931A CN 201910783875 A CN201910783875 A CN 201910783875A CN 110401931 A CN110401931 A CN 110401931A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/44—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for communication between vehicles and infrastructures, e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/12—Wireless traffic scheduling
- H04W72/121—Wireless traffic scheduling for groups of terminals or users
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of network architecture and scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture.The network architecture includes MEC layers, MSCN layers and vehicle layer, and MEC layers include dispersed placement in multiple roadside unit RSU on road；It is each roadside unit RSU setting compass of competency on road, vehicles all in compass of competency is constituted into a cluster；The MSCN layers of mobile auxiliary calculate node including each cluster；A vehicle is selected to assist calculate node as mobile from each subregion, at least one movement auxiliary calculate node is also simultaneously by as transmission control unit (TCU)；Vehicle layer includes all vehicles in each cluster other than being used as mobile auxiliary calculate node.The network architecture utilizes the advantage of hierarchical network, solves under current MEC framework the fluctuation because of communication performance caused by different vehicle density, and either low traffic density or the high traffic density network architecture all have good communication performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the scheduling of resource and distribution technique field, more particularly to a kind of network architecture and are based on the network
The scheduling of resource and distribution method of framework.
Background technique
With the proposition of MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing, multiple access edge calculations) concept, RSU
(Roadside Unit, roadside unit) is considered as an effective ISP, it executes resource allocation and data processing
Relevant calculating provides real-time application for road vehicle.However, when RSU is communicated with move vehicle, the high migration of connection communication
Rate may service impacting real-time；In addition, traffic density also will affect service performance.
With the development of automatic driving vehicle, researcher thinks that the real time data of vehicle is one of automatic Pilot application
Important and valuable data source, automatization level is higher, and the requirement of communication performance is higher.Traditional application based on cloud
Program can not support three-level automatic Pilot technology due to its high latency characteristic.
With the development of edge calculations, introduce such as MECNs (Multi-access Edge Computing Nodes,
Multiple access edge calculations node) and FCNs (Fog Computing Nodes, mist calculate node) etc calculate node,
The addressable RAN of tripartite (Radio Access Network, wireless access network) nearby establishes open cloud environment, makes great efforts to overcome
Deficiency of the centralized cloud computing in delay and handling capacity.In this case, V2X (vehicle to everything,
I.e. vehicle is to extraneous information exchange) network is applied not only to exchange message, it is also used to execute data processing task.Moreover, at data
The real-time and validity of reason task can generate detrimental effects to the performance of application program.Data processing performance towards MEC by
Two key factors determine.One be vehicle data transmission performance, the other is the reasonability of computational resource allocation.RSU quilt
One of the crucial computing resource being considered in mist computing architecture, also can be used as the calculate node in MEC framework.Researcher and row
Industry all thinks that the MEC towards RSU can provide real time service, such as local driving locus plan, region for automatic driving vehicle
Vehicle distributed intelligence is shared etc..On the one hand, the communication link between RSU and vehicle OBU (On board Unit, on board unit)
Stability be always subjected to the influence of Doppler frequency shift；On the other hand, even if RSU successful collection information of vehicles, due to the place of MEC
Reason delay, RSU possibly can not provide effective processing output for demand vehicle.
In the prior art, article " A Bus Oriented Coordination Method for Intra-cluster
BSM Transmission.”(Han,Q.,et al i n 2018 21st International Conference on
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC) .2018) in propose a kind of coordination side towards bus
Method improves the transmission performance of BSM information in cluster, and the substitute of RSU is used as with city bus.Although the experimental results showed that
It surveys method towards public transport to be conducive to improve data dissemination success rate, but there is no consider terrain vehicle when sub-clustering for this article
The influence of density, while not accounting for the behavioral characteristics of cluster coverage rate yet.
In the prior art, article " A Region-Based Clustering Mechanism for Channel
Access in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks.”(Lai,Y.,et al.,IEEE Journal on Selected
2011.29 (1): Areas in Communications proposes a kind of cluster-dividing method based on region in p.83-93.).In
In the algorithm, road is divided into different regions, for each region distribute one group of specific time slot, so as to each vehicle according to
Its position on road selects time slot；The vehicle number in each region is limited in certain amount simultaneously, to avoid the competing of channel
It strives.The program reduces competing cycle, improves handling capacity.But the main problem of the program is time complexity height；This
Outside, due to the disequilibrium of traffic density, may major part region be it is idle, especially in low-density network, so should
The channel utilization of method may not be very high.
In the prior art, article " the passive cluster car networking of high stable is connected to Journal of Sex Research " (Qiu Gongan, et al., telecommunications
Report, 2016.37 (11): p.42-48.) proposing a kind of passive cluster scheme based on relative velocity between vehicle and vehicle, when
When having message to need to transmit, cluster head is selected using fuzzy theory and establishes cluster, simulation result shows that the cluster has high stability,
It is beneficial to the diffusion of traffic safety message.But passive cluster is only suitable for applying in the low transportation network environment of traffic density,
It is not appropriate for applying in highly dense environment.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, a kind of network rack is especially innovatively proposed
Structure and scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, according to the first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of networks
Framework, including MEC layers, MSCN layers and vehicle layer:
Described MEC layers includes dispersed placement in multiple roadside unit RSU on road, the roadside unit RSU and core
Cloud connection communication；
It is each roadside unit RSU setting compass of competency on road, vehicles all in compass of competency is constituted into a cluster；
The described MSCN layers mobile auxiliary calculate node including each cluster；
In each cluster, the compass of competency is divided at least one subregion, one is selected from each subregion
Vehicle is as mobile auxiliary calculate node, wherein at least one movement auxiliary calculate node is also controlled as transmission simultaneously
Device；The mobile auxiliary calculate node collects the BSM information of all vehicles in the subregion of place, carries out at data to BSM information
It manages and processing result is uploaded to affiliated roadside unit RSU；The mobile auxiliary calculate node for being used as transmission control unit (TCU) also needs
The scheduling decision that the transmission time slot of vehicle and the affiliated roadside unit RSU of broadcast are issued in distribution cluster；
Roadside unit RSU issues different scheduling decisions according to different traffic densities, if traffic density reaches vehicle
Density threshold selects more than one movement auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource, if vehicle is close
Degree is not up to traffic density threshold value, only selects a mobile auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource；
Traffic density in mobile auxiliary calculate node and/or the quantity and cluster of transmission control unit (TCU) is positively correlated；
The vehicle layer includes all vehicles in each cluster other than being used as mobile auxiliary calculate node, vehicle layer
In vehicle the BSM information of itself periodically or is in real time sent to belonging to mobile auxiliary calculate node.
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the beneficial effect that present networks framework defines MSCN layers on the basis of existing MEC framework,
Comprising multiple mobile auxiliary calculate nodes, road is divided into several sub-regions；It selects to move according to the different densities of road vehicle
Assist calculate node or roadside unit RSU as scheduling of resource person, using the advantage of hierarchical network, the whole clothes of Lai Tigao MEC
Business performance can solve under current MEC framework the fluctuation because of communication performance caused by different vehicle density, either low vehicle
Density or the high traffic density network architecture all have good communication performance, which significantly improves communication performance
And computational efficiency.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the compass of competency be less than or equal to vehicle maximum communication away from
From twice；
And/or single cluster is divided into front subregion, middle part subregion and rear portion subregion.
The diameter for having the beneficial effect that compass of competency of above-mentioned technical proposal is less than or equal to the two of vehicle maximum communication distance
Times, facilitate ensuring that mobile auxiliary node and roadside unit RSU are able to carry out effective communication.Single cluster is divided into front sub-district
Domain, middle part subregion and rear portion subregion, it is more fast and convenient to be divided according to spatial position, simplify calculating process.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, will be located at the center of cluster or with the center of cluster distance most
Close vehicle is as cluster head；
And/or using the cluster head of each cluster as mobile auxiliary calculate node or transmission control unit (TCU).
The selection course for having the beneficial effect that simplified cluster head of above-mentioned technical proposal, positioned at the cluster head of center position, with
The distance of roadside unit RSU is most short, and communication is not easy to be disturbed；Calculate node or transmission control unit (TCU) are assisted using cluster head as mobile,
The communication advantage of cluster head is taken full advantage of, and saves the time reselected.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the compass of competency can be adjusted according to traffic density dynamic
Whole, traffic density is bigger, and the diameter of compass of competency is smaller；
The compass of competency radius calculation formula of cluster are as follows:
Wherein, T is compass of competency radius, and d is local traffic density, and p is path connected probability, and m is vehicle in cluster on road
The quantity of node.
Having the beneficial effect that for above-mentioned technical proposal enables the network architecture that vehicle Biomass dynamics is followed to adjust administrative area
Domain diameter, so that any vehicle can get communications resource in compass of competency.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, according to the second aspect of the invention, the present invention also provides a kind of bases
In the mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection of the network architecture of the present invention, comprising:
Step S1 allows single cluster with vehicle fleet in cluster divided by a period in mono- propagation period of TDMA
The result of timeslot number round up quantity of the numerical value as auxiliary calculate node mobile in cluster of acquisition, the number of the subregion
Amount is consistent with the mobile auxiliary quantity of calculate node, and the vehicle fleet size in each subregion is less than one in mono- propagation period of TDMA
The timeslot number that a period allows；
Step S2 selects a vehicle node according to mobile similar factors and location factor and makees in each subregion
For the mobile auxiliary calculate node of the subregion.
Having the beneficial effect that for above-mentioned technical proposal is disclosed according to mobile similar factors and the mobile auxiliary of location factor selection
The method of calculate node, the mobile auxiliary calculate node chosen in this way can be improved communication performance and computational efficiency.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S2 includes:
Step S21, in single subregion, each vehicle node creates a neighbor table to store the BSM information of neighbours
And cluster centre coordinate is received from roadside unit RSU；
Step S22, all vehicle nodes broadcast the BSM information of itself, and neighbours' vehicle is by the BSM information preservation at itself
Neighbor table in；
Step S23, after the broadcast, all vehicle nodes calculate the location factor of the vehicle node using following formula:
Wherein, (xtn, ytn) be subregion in t-th of node position coordinates, t is positive integer；(xcn, ycn) it is cluster center
Coordinate；
All vehicle nodes are calculated by following formula using information in itself neighbor table and are obtained and Adjacent vehicles node
Mobile similarity factor Msimilarity:
Wherein, N is the sum of vehicle node adjacent node；Mspeed, Macceleration, MdirectionRespectively indicate vehicle node
Speed similitude between any adjacent node, acceleration similitude and directional similarity；Msimilarity∈[0,1]；
Mobile similar factors and location factor are substituted into formula, choose numerical value the maximum pair by step S24, all vehicle nodes
Mobile auxiliary calculate node of the vehicle node answered as subregion.
Having the beneficial effect that for above-mentioned technical proposal is disclosed through speed similitude, and acceleration similitude is similar with direction
Property calculate mobile similar factors, relatively comprehensively so that mobile similar factors represent movement have to similitude it is very high accurate
Property.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of bases
In the information of vehicles distribution method of the network architecture of the present invention, comprising:
Step A is made when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is less than the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period with cluster head
For unique transmission control unit (TCU), transmission control unit (TCU) is each vehicle allocation information transmission time slots in cluster, and all vehicles pass through in cluster
The method of TDMA shares identical channel；
Step B is removed when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is greater than or equal to the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period
At least one is also moved into auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) outside cluster head, each transmission control unit (TCU) administers in cluster respectively
Different mobile auxiliary calculate nodes, and information transmission time slots, adjacent biography are distributed for each vehicle node in compass of competency
The transmission channel of vehicle is different in defeated controller compass of competency.
Having the beneficial effect that for above-mentioned technical proposal is disclosed according to information in the road vehicle density dynamic adjustment network architecture
The distribution and scheduling of resource, so that can have good communication performance, the road Bu Shou under high traffic density and low traffic density
Road vehicles density fluctuation influences.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step A includes:
The step A includes:
VeMAC service time is divided into corresponding with auxiliary calculate node quantity mobile in cluster by step A1, transmission control unit (TCU)
Multiple periods, each period include multiple time slots；
Step A2, transmission control unit (TCU) are the mobile auxiliary calculate node distribution period in cluster, and auxiliary to belong to same movement
The vehicle node of calculate node is helped to distribute adjacent time slot；
Transmission control unit (TCU) is that mobile auxiliary calculate node distributes two time slots, and a time slot is calculated for sending mobile auxiliary
Data processed result is uploaded to affiliated trackside list by the BSM information of all vehicle nodes within the scope of coverage, another time slot
First RSU.
Above-mentioned technical proposal has the beneficial effect that the communication resource distribution side disclosed when only one transmission control unit (TCU)
Formula, which can be assigned to time slot for all vehicle nodes, it is ensured that communication efficient.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step B includes:
Step B1, cluster head send control authority distribution request to affiliated roadside unit RSU by unicast mode；
Step B2 is arranged after affiliated roadside unit RSU receives control authority distribution request and sends transmission parameter values to cluster
Interior transmission control unit (TCU), configured transmission include the output power of vehicle node and transmission letter in each transmission control unit (TCU) coverage area
Road；
Step B3, each transmission control unit (TCU) are taken over really after receiving configured transmission to affiliated roadside unit RSU power feedback control
Recognize signal, and configured transmission is the vehicle allocation information transmission time slots of administration based on the received.
Having the beneficial effect that for above-mentioned technical proposal is disclosed when traffic density is higher, by increase different channel come
It solves the problems, such as that original communication resource is insufficient, makes each vehicle node that can obtain communication time slot, it is ensured that communication quality.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a kind of bases
In the scheduling of resource and distribution method of the network architecture of the present invention, comprising:
At least one movement is selected out of single cluster according to mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection of the present invention
Assist calculate node；
And/or it is carried out according to transfer resource of the information of vehicles distribution method of the present invention to all vehicles in single cluster
Scheduling and distribution.
Above-mentioned technical proposal have the beneficial effect that according to the different densities of road vehicle select mobile auxiliary calculate node or
Roadside unit RSU is as scheduling of resource person, using the advantage of hierarchical network, can solve under current MEC framework because of different vehicles
The fluctuation of communication performance caused by density, either low traffic density or the high traffic density network architecture all have very well
Communication performance；.According to the method for mobile similar factors and the mobile auxiliary calculate node of location factor selection, choose in this way
Mobile auxiliary calculate node can be improved communication performance and computational efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of network structure in the embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is sub-zone dividing and mobile auxiliary node distribution schematic diagram in cluster in the embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the relationship in the embodiment of the invention between the traffic density of different connected probabilities and transmission radius
Schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is that the first transmission cycle divides schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is that second of transmission cycle divides schematic diagram in the embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, and for explaining only the invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" "inner", "outside" is based on attached drawing institute
The orientation or positional relationship shown, is merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than the dress of indication or suggestion meaning
It sets or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as to limit of the invention
System.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that term " installation ", " connected ",
" connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be mechanical connection or electrical connection, the connection being also possible to inside two elements can
, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art to be to be connected directly, it can basis
Concrete condition understands the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term.
The present invention provides a kind of network architectures, in a preferred embodiment, structural schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1,
Including MEC layers, MSCN layers and vehicle layer:
MEC layers include dispersed placement in multiple roadside unit RSU on road, roadside unit RSU connect with core cloud lead to
Letter；
It is each roadside unit RSU setting compass of competency on road, vehicles all in compass of competency is constituted into a cluster；
The MSCN layers of mobile auxiliary calculate node including each cluster；
In each cluster, the compass of competency is divided at least one subregion, one is selected from each subregion
Vehicle is as mobile auxiliary calculate node, wherein at least one movement auxiliary calculate node is also controlled as transmission simultaneously
Device；Mobile auxiliary calculate node collects the BSM information of all vehicles in the subregion of place, carries out data processing simultaneously to BSM information
Processing result is uploaded to affiliated roadside unit RSU；The mobile auxiliary calculate node for being used as transmission control unit (TCU) also needs to distribute
The scheduling decision that the transmission time slot of vehicle and the affiliated roadside unit RSU of broadcast are issued in cluster；
Roadside unit RSU issues different scheduling decisions according to different traffic densities, if traffic density reaches vehicle
Density threshold selects more than one movement auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource, if vehicle is close
Degree is not up to traffic density threshold value, only selects a mobile auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource；
Traffic density in mobile auxiliary calculate node and/or the quantity and cluster of transmission control unit (TCU) is positively correlated；
Vehicle layer includes all vehicles in each cluster other than being used as mobile auxiliary calculate node, in vehicle layer
The BSM information of itself periodically or is in real time sent to affiliated mobile auxiliary calculate node by vehicle.
In the present embodiment, traffic density is defined as road actual traffic flow (vehicle/minute) and highway layout most
The ratio of big traffic ability (vehicle/minute), traffic density threshold value are preferably but not limited to be 0.6, and traffic density is greater than or equal to
When traffic density threshold value (such as 0.6), it is believed that be traffic density height, when traffic density is less than traffic density threshold value (such as 0.6), it is believed that
It is that traffic density is low.
In the present embodiment, mobile auxiliary calculate node collects the BSM information of all vehicles in the subregion of place, right
BSM information carries out data processing and is preferably but not limited to include invalid data filtering or movement auxiliary calculate node administration model
Enclose the relative positional relationship generation etc. of interior vehicle.
In the present embodiment, drive test unit is according to auxiliary calculate node data processed result mobile in cluster, integrated decision-making
The transmission control unit (TCU) number needed divides the compass of competency of each transmission control unit (TCU), and is the distribution communication of each transmission control unit (TCU)
Resource, the communication resource include transmission frequency point (and frequency range of upload information) and transimission power etc..And responsible pair of transmission control unit (TCU)
Vehicle node (including mobile auxiliary calculate node) distribution time slot in its compass of competency, and the scheduling that broadcast RSU is issued are determined
Plan.In the present embodiment, in order to improve the application performance of V2X (vehicle to extraneous information exchange) propose it is a kind of towards
The network structure of MSCN (mobile auxiliary calculate node).Fig. 1 shows the V2X network architecture towards MSCN, it is conceptualized as three
Layer, i.e. MEC (Multi-access Edge Computing, multiple access edge calculations) layer, MSCN layers and vehicle layer.
In the present embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, MEC layers include multiple RSU being fixed on roadside
(Roadside Unit, roadside unit), each RSU maintains a local data base, and connect with core cloud, it is preferred that
It can be wired connection.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, MSCN layers include being used as moving in each RSU coverage area
The vehicle of calculate node is assisted, these movement auxiliary calculate nodes are responsible for collecting the BSM information of vehicle in its coverage area and be counted
It calculates, main calculated result is uploaded into affiliated RSU.Preferably, BSM information includes vehicle ID, direction of travel, travel speed,
Acceleration, current location and timestamp.Partial movement auxiliary calculate node has been also act as transmission control unit (TCU), transmission control unit (TCU)
Quantity and the traffic density of present road are positively correlated.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, vehicle layer, which is included in each cluster, calculates section in addition to being used as mobile auxiliary
All vehicles outside point.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that vehicle and RSU, vehicle pass through PC5 interface communication with vehicle and connect.Specifically
Ground, by PC5 interface, road vehicle can receive application oriented information and update BSM to MSCN.Therefore, pass through coordination
PC5 vehicle-carrying communication interface, the framework towards MSCN proposed come transmitting scheduling information and can be divided by V2V and V2I communication
With computing resource.
In the present embodiment, the specific service process of the network architecture is as follows:
Firstly, the BSM of itself is periodically uploaded to the MSCN belonging to it by road vehicle.Note that whether MSCN executes transmission
Resource allocation task depends on local traffic density.Secondly, MSCN collects corresponding information of vehicles and executes at corresponding data
Then processing result is uploaded to affiliated RSU by reason.The quantity of MSCN is also related with on-site vehicle density.Then, it is located at RSU
The MEC of end side collects the information of MSCN, and generates the overall traffic information about corresponding road area.Finally, RSU passes through PC5
Processing result is sent back road vehicle by interface, to support corresponding vehicle application.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 2, the diameter of compass of competency is less than or equal to vehicle maximum
Twice of communication distance；
And/or single cluster is divided into front subregion, middle part subregion and rear portion subregion.
In the present embodiment, the road test provided according to Chongqing Co., Ltd, vehicle testing research institute is as a result, LTE-V's can
It is about 150 meters by communication radius.In order to ensure all road vehicles can find an access RSU, here we assume that substantially
300 meters of the diameter of vehicle cluster.Furthermore it is ensured that validity and efficiency that service provides, set 3 for the initial MSCN quantity of cluster.
Three MSCN are located at the front of cluster, middle part and rear portion.
As shown in Fig. 2, the total length of vehicle cluster is assumed to L, and the diameter of three MSCN coverage areas is about L/3.It is close
The MSCN at cluster center is considered as cluster head, is used as the transmission control unit (TCU) of time slot allocation.Other two MSCN in Fig. 2 is only in low vehicle
Calculating task is done under density.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, will be located at the center of cluster or with the center of cluster distance most
Close vehicle is as cluster head；
And/or using the cluster head of each cluster as mobile auxiliary calculate node or transmission control unit (TCU).
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of compass of competency can be adjusted according to traffic density dynamic, vehicle
Density is bigger, and the diameter of compass of competency is smaller；
The compass of competency radius calculation formula of specific cluster are as follows:
Wherein, T is compass of competency radius, and d is local traffic density, and p is path connected probability, and m is vehicle in cluster on road
The quantity of node.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 3, giving between the traffic density of different connected probabilities and transmission radius
Relationship, abscissa indicate traffic density, and ordinate indicates that transmission radius, three curves respectively indicate under different road connection probability
Relationship between traffic density and transmission radius.Transmitting radius is compass of competency radius.From figure 3, it can be seen that general in connection
In the identical situation of rate, traffic density is higher, and transmission radius is shorter, the bigger biography of road connection probability under identical traffic density
Defeated radius is bigger, and the value range of road connection probability is 0-1.
The present invention also provides a kind of mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection based on the network architecture of the present invention,
Include:
Step S1 allows single cluster with vehicle fleet in cluster divided by a period in mono- propagation period of TDMA
The result of timeslot number round up quantity of the numerical value as auxiliary calculate node mobile in cluster of acquisition, the number of the subregion
Amount is consistent with the mobile auxiliary quantity of calculate node, and the vehicle fleet size in each subregion is less than one in mono- propagation period of TDMA
The timeslot number that a period allows；
Step S2 selects a vehicle node according to mobile similar factors and location factor and makees in each subregion
For the mobile auxiliary calculate node of the subregion.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2 includes:
Step S21, in single subregion, each vehicle node creates a neighbor table to store the BSM information of neighbours
And cluster centre coordinate is received from roadside unit RSU；
Step S22, all vehicle nodes broadcast the BSM information of itself, and neighbours' vehicle is by the BSM information preservation at itself
Neighbor table in；
Step S23, after the broadcast, all vehicle nodes calculate the location factor of the vehicle node using following formula:
Wherein, (xtn, ytn) be subregion in t-th of node position coordinates, t is positive integer；(xcn, ycn) it is cluster center
Coordinate；
All vehicle nodes are calculated by following formula using information in itself neighbor table and are obtained and Adjacent vehicles node
Mobile similarity factor Msimilarity:
Wherein, N is the sum of vehicle node adjacent node；Mspeed, Macceleration, MdirectionRespectively indicate vehicle
Speed similitude between node and any Adjacent vehicles node, acceleration similitude and directional similarity；
Msimilarity∈[0,1]；Preferably, Mspeed、MaccelerationAnd MdirectionValue range be 0 to 1,Mdirection=cos δ, β are vehicle node and adjacent segments
The vector acceleration angle of point, δ are the direction of motion angle of vehicle node and adjacent node, minspeedFor vehicle node and adjacent
Absolute value reckling, max in the velocity vector of nodespeedFor maximum absolute value in the velocity vector of vehicle node and adjacent node
Person, minaccelerationFor absolute value reckling, max in the vector acceleration of vehicle node and adjacent nodeaccelerationFor vehicle
Maximum absolute value person in the vector acceleration of node and adjacent node.
Mobile similar factors and location factor are substituted into formula, choose numerical value the maximum pair by step S24, all vehicle nodes
Mobile auxiliary calculate node of the vehicle node answered as subregion.In the present embodiment, it is preferred that center in cluster will be located at
The mobile auxiliary calculate node of the subregion of position is as the maximum shifting of numerical value in all subregions in the cluster head or cluster of the cluster
Dynamic auxiliary calculate node is as cluster head.
The present invention also provides a kind of information of vehicles distribution methods based on the network architecture of the present invention, comprising:
Step A is made when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is less than the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period with cluster head
For unique transmission control unit (TCU), transmission control unit (TCU) is each vehicle allocation information transmission time slots in cluster, and all vehicles pass through in cluster
The method of TDMA shares identical channel；
Step B, when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is more than or equal to the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period, in addition to
At least one is also moved into auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) outside cluster head, each transmission control unit (TCU) is administered in cluster not respectively
Same mobile auxiliary calculate node, and be each vehicle allocation information transmission time slots in compass of competency, adjacent transmission control
The transmission channel of vehicle is different in device compass of competency.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that vehicle and vehicle or vehicle and RSU are using the TDMA communication mould in LTE-V
Formula comprising Mode3 and Mode4, for carrying out vehicle message propagation.It is negative for Mode3, eNB according to the 14th version of 3GPP
Blame resource allocation.On the other hand, the resource allocation of Mode4 be using preset mode.Up to the present, vehicle OBU (On-
Board Unit) it is to be designed based on Mode4, it does not include resource allocator.But Mode4 is to support cluster algorithm,
That is, designer can use more flexible resource allocation methods.Therefore, the present invention devises one kind towards MSCN
Resource allocation methods and give corresponding message distributing method.Wherein the quantity of MSCNs and role are close by vehicle
Degree determines.The present invention considers following two situation:
When vehicle can obtain corresponding transmission time slot in a propagation period in all clusters, in this case,
The cluster just only has this controller of cluster head.Controller adjacent time-slots will be distributed to as far as possible and belong to same MSCN coverage area
Vehicle.In addition, the transmission radius of all vehicle nodes is set as 150 meters.
When vehicle all cannot obtain transmission time slot, in this case, cluster head in a propagation period in all clusters
Partial control should be consigned to other MSCN and reduce corresponding transmission radius, new transmission radius can be according toThe formula calculates.
In the present embodiment, in stepb, the transmission channel of vehicle is not in adjacent transmission control unit (TCU) compass of competency
Together, the transmission channel of vehicle is possible to identical in non-conterminous transmission control unit (TCU) compass of competency, thus is avoided that the same of channel disturbance
When, also save channel resource.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 4, step A includes:
Step A includes:
VeMAC service time is divided into corresponding with auxiliary calculate node quantity mobile in cluster by step A1, transmission control unit (TCU)
Multiple periods, each period include multiple time slots；If there are three mobile auxiliary calculate node, VeMAC services in cluster at this time
Time is divided into three periods, as shown in figure 4, each mobile auxiliary calculate node distributes a period.
Step A2, transmission control unit (TCU) are the mobile auxiliary calculate node distribution period in cluster, and auxiliary to belong to same movement
The vehicle node of calculate node is helped to distribute adjacent time slot；
Transmission control unit (TCU) is that mobile auxiliary calculate node distributes two time slots, and a time slot is calculated for sending mobile auxiliary
Data processed result is uploaded to affiliated trackside list by the BSM information of all vehicle nodes within the scope of coverage, another time slot
The transmission radius of first RSU, all vehicle nodes may be configured as 150 meters.
In the present embodiment, only this transmission control unit (TCU) of cluster head, it by transmission time slot distribute to all clusters at
Member.Here all cluster members share identical communication channel by TDMA method, for carrying out BSM information transmission.Accordingly
Time slot allocation procedures include two steps: firstly, the VeMAC time is divided into three periods by cluster head, each period includes
Several time slots；Secondly, cluster head is that MSCN distributes the period.The vehicle node for belonging to same MSCN should distribute adjacent time slot.Note
Meaning, all MSCN should distribute two time slots, and one is used to send local information of vehicles, another is uploaded output is calculated
To RSU；On the other hand, compared with common road vehicle node, MSCN should have higher channel occupancy priority.Transmission
Period schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 4.
In the present embodiment, mobile auxiliary calculate node will be such as the filtered number of invalid data in another time slot
Belonging to being uploaded to according to data processed results such as the relative positional relationships of vehicle node in, mobile auxiliary calculate node compass of competency
Roadside unit RSU.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in figure 5, step B includes:
Step B1, cluster head send control authority distribution request to affiliated roadside unit RSU by unicast mode；
Step B2 is arranged after affiliated roadside unit RSU receives control authority distribution request and sends transmission parameter values to cluster
Interior transmission control unit (TCU), configured transmission include the output power of vehicle node and transmission letter in each transmission control unit (TCU) coverage area
Road；
Step B3, each transmission control unit (TCU) are taken over really after receiving configured transmission to affiliated roadside unit RSU power feedback control
Recognize signal, and configured transmission is the vehicle allocation information transmission time slots of administration based on the received.
In the present embodiment, for high traffic density, when the quantity of cluster member is greater than the timeslot number (specially one allowed
The timeslot number summation of all periods in a transmission cycle) when, control authority distributing programs execute.The distributing programs specifically wrap
Include: preferred, cluster head is former transmission control unit (TCU), and the control authority distributing programs of cluster head, which are sent by unicast mode to RSU, to be controlled
Permission dispatch messages；The transmission parameter settings of RSU, which are sent by control channel to all vehicle nodes, has corresponding configured transmission
Message, such as transimission power, SCH channel etc., it is preferred that adjacent transmission control unit (TCU) distributes different channels, non-conterminous
Transmission control unit (TCU) can distribute identical channel；The control adapter tube confirmation program of transmission control unit (TCU) is taken over to RSU power feedback control
Confirmation message, and allocate slots to the vehicle node under the MSCN in device coverage area.Wherein propagate period schematic diagram such as Fig. 5
It is shown.
The present invention also provides a kind of scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture of the present invention, comprising:
At least one movement is selected out of single cluster according to mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection of the present invention
Assist calculate node；
And/or it is carried out according to transfer resource of the information of vehicles distribution method of the present invention to all vehicles in single cluster
Scheduling and distribution.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiment or examples in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: not
A variety of change, modification, replacement and modification can be carried out to these embodiments in the case where being detached from the principle of the present invention and objective, this
The range of invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of network architecture, which is characterized in that including MEC layers, MSCN layers and vehicle layer:
Described MEC layers includes that dispersed placement connects in multiple roadside unit RSU on road, the roadside unit RSU and core cloud
Connect letter；
It is each roadside unit RSU setting compass of competency on road, vehicles all in compass of competency is constituted into a cluster；
The described MSCN layers mobile auxiliary calculate node including each cluster；
In each cluster, the compass of competency is divided at least one subregion, a vehicle is selected from each subregion
Calculate node is assisted as mobile, wherein at least one movement auxiliary calculate node is also simultaneously by as transmission control unit (TCU)；Institute
The BSM information for stating all vehicles in subregion where mobile auxiliary calculate node is collected, carries out data processing to BSM information and will
Processing result is uploaded to affiliated roadside unit RSU；
The mobile auxiliary calculate node for being used as transmission control unit (TCU) also needs to distribute the transmission time slot of vehicle and broadcast institute in cluster
Belong to the scheduling decision that roadside unit RSU is issued；
Roadside unit RSU issues different scheduling decisions according to different traffic densities, if traffic density reaches traffic density
Threshold value selects more than one movement auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource, if traffic density is not
Reach traffic density threshold value, only select a mobile auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) and distributes the communication resource；
Traffic density in mobile auxiliary calculate node and/or the quantity and cluster of transmission control unit (TCU) is positively correlated；
The vehicle layer includes all vehicles in each cluster other than being used as mobile auxiliary calculate node, in vehicle layer
The BSM information of itself periodically or is in real time sent to affiliated mobile auxiliary calculate node by vehicle.
2. the network architecture as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is maximum that the diameter of the compass of competency is less than or equal to vehicle
Twice of communication distance；
And/or single cluster is divided into front subregion, middle part subregion and rear portion subregion.
3. the network architecture as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by be located at cluster center or with the center of cluster
Apart from nearest vehicle as cluster head；
And/or using the cluster head of each cluster as mobile auxiliary calculate node or transmission control unit (TCU).
4. the network architecture as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the radius of the compass of competency can be dynamic according to traffic density
State adjustment, traffic density is bigger, and the radius of compass of competency is smaller；
The compass of competency radius calculation formula of cluster are as follows:
Wherein, T is compass of competency radius, and d is local traffic density, and p is path connected probability, and m is vehicle section in cluster on road
The quantity of point.
5. a kind of mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection based on the network architecture described in one of claim 1-4, feature
It is, comprising:
Step S1, for single cluster, with vehicle fleet in cluster divided by TDMA mono- propagate that a period in the period allows when
The result of gap number rounds up quantity of the integer as auxiliary calculate node mobile in cluster of acquisition, the quantity of the subregion with
The quantity of mobile auxiliary calculate node is consistent, when the vehicle fleet size in each subregion is less than in mono- propagation period of TDMA one
Between section allow timeslot number；
Step S2 selects a vehicle node as institute according to mobile similar factors and location factor in each subregion
State the mobile auxiliary calculate node of subregion.
6. auxiliary method for computing node selection as claimed in claim 5 mobile, which is characterized in that the step S2 includes:
Step S21, in single subregion, each vehicle node create a neighbor table with store the BSM information of neighbours and from
Roadside unit RSU receives cluster centre coordinate；
Step S22, all vehicle nodes broadcast the BSM information of itself, and neighbours' vehicle is by the BSM information preservation in itself neighbour
It occupies in table；
Step S23, after the broadcast, all vehicle nodes calculate the location factor of the vehicle node using following formula:
Wherein, (xtn, ytn) be subregion in t-th of node position coordinates, t is positive integer；(xcn, ycn) it is cluster centre coordinate；
All vehicle nodes calculate the movement obtained with Adjacent vehicles node by following formula using information in itself neighbor table
Similarity factor Msimilarity:
Wherein, N is the sum of vehicle node adjacent node；Mspeed, Macceleration, MdirectionIt respectively indicates vehicle node and appoints
Speed similitude between one Adjacent vehicles node, acceleration similitude and directional similarity；Msimilarity∈[0,1]；
Mobile similar factors and location factor are substituted into formula, it is corresponding to choose numerical value the maximum by step S24, all vehicle nodes
Mobile auxiliary calculate node of the vehicle node as subregion.
7. a kind of information of vehicles distribution method based on the network architecture described in one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that packet
It includes:
Step A, when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is less than the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period, using cluster head as only
One transmission control unit (TCU), transmission control unit (TCU) are each vehicle allocation information transmission time slots in cluster, and all vehicles pass through TDMA in cluster
Method share identical channel；
Step B, when the quantity of vehicles all in cluster is greater than or equal to the permission timeslot number in TDMA mono- propagation period, in addition to cluster
Head is outer also to move auxiliary calculate node as transmission control unit (TCU) at least one, and each transmission control unit (TCU) administers different in cluster respectively
Mobile auxiliary calculate node, and distribute information transmission time slots, adjacent transmission control for each vehicle node in compass of competency
The transmission channel of vehicle is different in device compass of competency processed.
8. information of vehicles distribution method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the step A includes:
The step A includes:
VeMAC service time is divided into corresponding multiple with auxiliary calculate node quantity mobile in cluster by step A1, transmission control unit (TCU)
Period, each period include multiple time slots；
Step A2, transmission control unit (TCU) are the mobile auxiliary calculate node distribution period in cluster, and to belong to same mobile auxiliary meter
The vehicle node of operator node distributes adjacent time slot；
Transmission control unit (TCU) is that mobile auxiliary calculate node distributes two time slots, and a time slot is for sending mobile auxiliary calculate node
Data processed result is uploaded to affiliated roadside unit by the BSM information of all vehicle nodes, another time slot in coverage area
RSU。
9. information of vehicles distribution method as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that the step B includes:
Step B1, cluster head send control authority distribution request to affiliated roadside unit RSU by unicast mode；
After step B2, affiliated roadside unit RSU receive control authority distribution request, it is arranged and sends in transmission parameter values to cluster and pass
Defeated controller, configured transmission include the output power and transmission channel of vehicle node in each transmission control unit (TCU) coverage area；
Step B3, each transmission control unit (TCU) receive after configured transmission to affiliated roadside unit RSU power feedback control adapter tube confirmation letter
Number, and configured transmission is the vehicle node distribution information transmission time slots of administration based on the received.
10. a kind of scheduling of resource and distribution method based on the network architecture described in one of claim 1-4, which is characterized in that
Include:
At least one shifting is selected out of single cluster according to mobile auxiliary method for computing node selection described in claim 5 or 6
Dynamic auxiliary calculate node；
And/or the transmission of all vehicles in single cluster is provided according to information of vehicles distribution method described in one of claim 7-9
Source is scheduled and distributes.
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